基于精益价值链理论的建筑业企业精益建造能力评价研究

精益建造是一种先进的生产管理模式,对新时期建筑业企业精益建造能力的评价研究有助于建筑业企业改进施工生产模式,真正做到精益采购、精益施工以及精益交付。根据精益价值链的特点和要求建立了一套建筑业企业精益建造能力评价指标体系,其中重点对采购流程中的准时采购、按需采购和施工流程中的质量管理以及消除浪费等指标进行了分析,利用模糊层次分析法对建筑业企业的精益建造能力进行综合评价,并进行实证分析,以期为建筑业企业精益建造能力的评价与提升提供一种借鉴方法。     

Requirements for building information modeling based lean production management systems for construction

Smooth flow of production in construction is hampered by disparity between individual trade teams' goals and the goals of stable production flow for the project as a whole. This is exacerbated by the difficulty of visualizing the flow of work in a construction project. While the addresses some of the issues in Building information modeling provides a powerful platform for visualizing work flow in control systems that also enable pull flow and deeper collaboration between teams on and off site. The requirements for implementation of a BIM-enabled pull flow construction management software system based on the Last Planner System?, called ‘KanBIM’, have been specified, and a set of functional mock-ups of the proposed system has been implemented and evaluated in a series of three focus group workshops. The requirements cover the areas of maintenance of work flow stability, enabling negotiation and commitment between teams, lean production planning with sophisticated pull flow control, and effective communication and visualization of flow. The evaluation results show that the system holds the potential to improve work flow and reduce waste by providing both process and product visualization at the work face.     

工程建设项目投资控制管理探讨

工程建设项目投资管理贯穿于项目实施全过程.论文以工程建设项目生命周期的全过程为主线,以建设单位为主,兼顾工程建设项目参与各方,探讨如何有效实施投资控制与管理,以求工程项目管理中合理使用人力、物力、财力,保证工程建设项目投资管理目标的实现.     

Mobile Model-Based Bridge Lifecycle Management System

Abstract:   This article discusses the requirements for developing a mobile model-based bridge lifecycle management system (MMBLMS). This new system should link all the information about the lifecycle stages of a bridge (e.g., design, construction, inspection, and maintenance) to a 4D model of the bridge incorporating different scales of space and time to record events throughout the lifecycle with suitable levels of details (LoDs). In addition, MMBLMS should support distributed databases and mobile location-based computing by providing user interfaces that can be used on mobile computers, such as tablet PCs. A framework for MMBLMS is described and the basic computational issues for realizing it are discussed including the navigation modes, the picking behavior and the LoDs for representing bridge elements and defects. A prototype system developed in Java language is used to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed methodology for realizing this system.     

Governing the project process: a conceptual framework

There has been considerable development in a process approach in construction management research in recent years. However, such work begs the question of how those processes are governed. Processes, be they flows of information or materials, need to be channelled in the desired direction as they are handed from team to team. This paper aims to present a conceptual framework for understanding the governance of construction project processes, drawing on transaction cost economics. Earlier attempts to apply this theoretical framework in construction management research have been partial, in that they have focused on only one type of transaction, typically that between client and principal contractor. This paper aims to be comprehensive in covering all the different transactions throughout the project lifecycle within one conceptual framework, and thereby it is hoped that more incisive empirical research can be developed and executed.     

The dynamics of systems integration: Balancing stability and change on London's Crossrail project

Systems integration is essential for the design and execution of large, complex projects, but relatively little is known about how this task develops over time during the life cycle of a project. This paper builds on the concept of “disciplined flexibility” to describe how systems integration can be conceived as a dynamic process of maintaining stability, while responding flexibly to changing conditions. We examine the dynamics of systems integration through a case-study of Crossrail, the construction of London's new urban railway system, which will be called the Elizabeth Line when it opens for service. The balancing act of stability and change manifests during critical periods of the project life cycle as various interdependent systems evolve with different degrees of maturity. We identify how various types of reciprocal interdependencies in complex projects such as Crossrail – at the system and system of systems levels – require ongoing monitoring and control, and the mutual adjustment of tasks.     

基于Cloud-BIM 的工程项目数据管理研究

建筑业动态和碎片的属性导致项目协同团队之间的数据管理在工程项目生命周期内没有获得有效改善。研究提出了工程项目大数据实时处理模型和基于Cloud-BIM 的模型应用框架,Cloud-BIM 平台对工程项目大数据进行收集、集成、关联、存储和数据挖掘,实现工程项目数据的再利用和知识管理。基于云计算的应用框架不仅使个人与项目团队之间,而且使各个项目组织之间以一致的、实时的、可持续、基于项目生命周期的方式进行数据管理,从而有效提高项目不同组织界面之间的协同工作,有助于把项目数据转换成组织的信息资产。     

Towards cloud Augmented Reality for construction application by BIM and SNS integration

Huge progress has been made on ‘Augmented Reality’ (AR) techniques such as registration, tracking, and display hardware. However, a construction AR system should be more convenient and combined with in-use applications to support multi-disciplinary users throughout construction lifecycle. This paper presents a video-based on-line AR environment and a pilot cloud framework. The contribution lies in two aspects: firstly, an environment utilizing web3D is demonstrated, in which on-site images are rendered to box nodes and registered with virtual objects through a three-step method; secondly, it is further extended to be “cloud” through federation of BIM (building information modeling) and BSNS (business social networking services). Technical solutions to key issues such as authoring, publishing, and composition are designed. The proposed environment is seamlessly integrated into in-use information systems and therefore enjoys greater usability. Implementations demonstrate how this framework and environment work. Although preliminary, it is conclusive for proof of concept.     

Development and implementation of an asset management framework for wastewater collection networks

This paper presents a framework to develop, implement and communicate a multi-perspective asset management plan for wastewater collection networks. The framework takes into account four strategic perspectives – socio-political, financial, operational/technical, and regulatory – and devises four strategic themes for sustainable wastewater collection systems.The asset management strategic themes, perspectives, and strategic objectives were developed from the proceedings of collaborative working sessions held at the first Canadian National Asset Managers workshop in 2007 in Hamilton, Ontario. The themes and strategic objectives are illustrated in a strategy map and detailed in the modified balanced scorecard model. A case study based on real data presents the use of business intelligence tools to implement, monitor, and report various components of the proposed framework.The proposed framework provides a unified gateway for efficient and effective management of wastewater collection systems. It can be adapted to devise and implement strategic asset management plans in comparable organizations, and to comply with the new legislative requirements that demand increasing accountability to meet stakeholders’ expectations, protection of public health and environment, efficient allocation of funds, and greater disclosure.     

面向全生命期管理的水电工程信息分类编码研究

分类编码标准是水电工程全生命期标准体系中的基础部分。针对水电工程信息分类编码应用现状与信息化发展需求,通过分析建筑行业全生命期信息分类编码体系及有关标准,提出了面向水电工程全生命期管理的信息分类编码扩展方法。验证表明了该方法的有效性,从而为水电工程全生命期信息标准的建立提供了支撑,并对其他工程领域全生命期信息分类编码体系的建立具有借鉴价值。     

A ‘Strategy-as-Practice’ exploration of lean construction strategizing

A growing body of work emerging from the management and organizational studies literature is the ‘Strategy-as-Practice’ (SaP) perspective, which focuses on the ways in which strategy is actually enacted within organizational settings. This perspective is used to examine the diffusion of lean construction. In recent years lean construction has grown in prominence to become one of the primary performative improvement recipes for the construction sector. However, rather than providing a stable strategy around which more collaborative, intelligent and efficient project-based organizations develop, this research reveals how the lean concept transforms during its journey with unintended organizational consequences. An ethnographic case study, informed by SaP, demonstrates how a lean strategy and its effects on organizational practice and culture cannot be understood separately from material and embodied practices and power effects. As well as contributing to the examination of lean construction practice, the findings show how strategy is enacted within construction organizations and the ensuing effects of social power. A new trajectory is opened for research into strategizing within construction organizations, which provides ways to explore actual practices and spaces where strategizing occurs.     

A conceptual model for supporting the integration of inter-organizational information processes of AEC projects

One of the major bottlenecks of collaborating information systems is the integration of inter-organizational information processes, which depends on shared Application Programming Interfaces (APIs). Currently, most APIs are developed based on the predefined sequential steps of handling construction business documents such as RFIs and change orders, which prohibits the expansion of collaboration spaces to other expanded forms of e-business, such as handling sub-grouping, unstructured message and context information. Aiming at responding to the needs for increased levels of process mediated collaboration; this paper argues that collaboration between project stakeholders is a continuous process of communication and information exchange between collaborating partners throughout the lifecycle of a construction project, therefore, parts of an intra-organizational information process may need to be more visible to collaborating partners. Through a case study, this paper proposes a conceptual model, which integrates four major concepts, i.e., collaborating process segment information, sub-grouping information, organizational information and business document information, in order to complement to and augment the existing strategy that focuses mainly on the exchange of construction business documents.     

精益建造体系下可持续建设项目管理研究

精益建造和可持续建设都是在建筑业中应用新的思想和方法产生的结果,可持续建设为传统的项目管理模式提出了新的挑战。精益建造与可持续建设的原则在一定方面相通,精益建造的理论体系及内容在实现可持续发展的过程中发挥着一定的作用。文章旨在根据精益建造与可持续建设基本理论,分析精益建造理论在可持续发展过程中发挥的作用,研究了精益建造体系下如何开展可持续建设的流程管理、价值管理和项目管理,为今后可持续建设项目管理提供一种借鉴方法。     

基于BIM的机电设备智能管理系统

传统的机电设备运维信息主要来源于纸质的竣工资料,在用到这些信息时,往往要从海量纸质的图纸和文档中去寻找。如何采用电子化手段有效地组织这些信息,以实现设计和施工阶段的有效信息能传递到运维期并辅助运维管理,是当前建筑生命周期管理中需要解决的重要问题。本研究通过引入建筑信息模型(BIM)和二维码技术,开发基于BIM的机电设备智能管理系统(BIM-FIM 2012),实现了机电设备工程的电子化集成交付,以及建筑物运维期的维护维修管理和应急管理,为保障所有设备系统的安全运行提供高效的手段和系统平台支持。     

建筑工业化与精益建造的支撑和协同关系研究

介绍建筑工业化和精益建造的概念,并从实现方式、作用以及目标三方面进行两者的特点对比,认为两者目标一致,两者应该结合以协同发展。通过案例梳理建筑工业化对精益建造在减少浪费、并行工程和提高客户价值方面的支撑作用,以及分析我国目前建筑工业化过程中的浪费,阐述精益建造在促进工厂现场之间的计划协调、价值生产两方面的支撑作用。最后根据我国建筑工业化的工作流程,结合精益建造两大目标提出在建筑工业化过程中应用精益建造的方法框架。     

基于BIM 的建设领域文本信息管理研究

建设项目在其整个生命周期内产生大量的非结构化信息,其中大部分是文本信息,建筑信息模型（BIM）可以支持建设项目全生命周期的信息管理,因此基于BIM 的建设领域文本信息集成管理将大大提高项目管理的效率和质量。介绍了建筑信息模型的概念,实现平台,以及数据交换标准（IFC）,提出了一个系统化的建设领域非结构化文本信息的管理体系框架:以非结构化的文本信息为研究对象,采用文本挖掘的方法,将文本进行结构化处理,用于信息的检索、排序。在此基础上将文本信息按IFC 标准进行分类,并与建筑模型实体相关联,实现文本信息与建筑信息模型的集成。提出的方法可以为提高建设领域文本信息管理能力提供支持。     

建筑数字化论题之二:循证

数字化是对信息的研究.信息的传播改变着各种传统行业的职业内涵,如何是设计,如何设计,设计什么,设计出什么.设计是对建筑的虚拟建造,设计有研究性,建筑有客观性,建造需要精致性,从而必须使建筑的数字化超越狭义的工具层面,使"设计"表现为一种全周期的建造信息管理的行为,重视设计的证据,发挥终端建筑师能动性,考虑业主的价值要求,直面设计与建造过程的信息复杂因素,建筑循证设计的概念正是BIM在全周期信息水平上的延伸.     

浅谈热工保护系统在新建机组中的可靠应用

主要介绍了在电建施工阶段调试运行期间针对如何提高热工保护系统的可靠性和稳定性提出的相应控制措施,为电建施工行业在新机组调试运行期间的生产管理和安全生产提供有益的帮助。     

建设工程项目精益建造管控技术探讨

现阶段,建设工程项目管理多为粗放式管理模式,为降低建造成本,大型建设企业也在逐步探索精细化、扁平化管理模式[1],取得了一些成效,但并未达到全面提升建设项目管理效率的目标。精益管理的思想来源于工业生产,关注企业、客户的价值,梳理价值流,形成作业流程,从零废品、零库存,实现均衡生产,最终实现企业低成本、高效益生产的目标。本文从建设项目生产现状出发,查找问题,按精益思想原理,梳理原因,找出解决问题的方法,对工程项目管理有一定借鉴作用。     

承发包模式的价值原理

理解建筑生产活动的原理,是比较和推行不同承发包模式的基础。文章将一个建筑工程项目生产活动划分为设计、施工和管理三种类型,并阐释了各自的工作原理,包括设计的三阶段划分、设计与施工的协作,以及工程管理的工作内容;进一步分析了各项活动对于业主的价值。文章为不同承发包模式之间的比较提供了一个分析的框架;为政府主管部门进一步研究市场准入、招投标、建筑许可等监管政策的改革,合理调整设计、施工单位的分工范围,促进行业按照建筑生产活动基本规律科学发展提供了理论上的支持;为业主选择合理的项目发包模式,建筑业相关企业探索各自发展方向提供了理论上的指导。