不同工艺下镁合金MAO/GO/SA复合涂层的耐蚀性

为提高AZ91D镁合金基体的耐蚀性，采用微弧氧化、电沉积和自组装工艺在AZ91D镁合金表面制备了微弧氧化/氧化石墨烯/硬脂酸(MAO/GO/SA)复合涂层。通过SEM对复合涂层的微观组织结构进行了分析，利用电化学阻抗谱、极化曲线测试了复合涂层的耐蚀性能。结果表明，最佳电沉积电压为4 V,此时，MAO/GO复合涂层的电荷转移电阻(R_ct)为4.41×10⁵Ω·cm²,腐蚀电流密度(J_corr)为3.88×10^-7 A/cm²。醇水比为7∶3时，MAO/GO/SA复合涂层的R_ct值为3.07×10⁶Ω·cm²,J_corr为3.02×10^-8 A/cm²,达到超疏水状态，涂层耐蚀性最好。     

纳米钛基杂化材料对水性环氧涂层组织结构和耐蚀性能的影响

目的 研究不同纳米钛基杂化材料含量对水性环氧树脂涂层组织结构和耐腐蚀性能的影响。方法 以纳米钛基杂化材料为填料,采用物理共混法对水性环氧涂料进行改进,通过铅笔硬度测试、十字划格附着力测试、扫描电镜(SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、电化学测试以及盐雾试验等方法对涂层的力学性能、微观形貌、组织结构及耐蚀性能进行检测。结果 随着纳米钛基杂化材料含量的增加,涂层硬度逐渐上升,由HB变为3H,并且涂层的附着力保持为0级,同时涂层的防腐性能随纳米钛基杂化材料含量的增加先增强后减弱。当纳米钛基杂化材料质量分数为10%时,涂层最为致密,涂层的腐蚀电位最高,为-1.024 9 V,腐蚀电流密度最小,为8.09×10^-8A/cm²,涂层低频部分的阻抗模值最大,为7.6×10⁵?·cm²,较纯水性环氧树脂涂层提升了3倍,并且在60d的盐雾试验后涂层表面状况最佳,表现出良好的防腐性能。结论 纳米钛基杂化材料可以明显改善环氧树脂乳胶颗粒团聚的现象,提升涂层的致密性,增加涂层的铅笔硬度,增强涂层的防腐性能。     

环氧涂层在低温、紫外环境下的失效行为对比研究

目的 研究环氧富锌涂层(EP-Zinc)、环氧耐磨快干涂层(EP-WR)在紫外和低温2种环境下的失效行为和机理。方法 以Q235钢为金属基底，分别用喷枪喷涂涂层在基体表面，将喷涂好的上述2种涂层材料放入干燥箱(60℃)中保持1 d，然后将涂层放在室温条件下6 d，以确保涂层内部的有机溶剂完全挥发。在紫外线(UV)辐射和低温2种实验环境下，通过电化学阻抗测试、红外光谱测试、表面表征(扫描电镜)、附着力测试等方法研究环氧涂层的失效行为及机理。结果 2种涂层在紫外和低温环境下的防护功能均有所下降。在紫外环境下，EP-Zinc和EP-WR涂层的|Z|0.01 Hz分别降至10⁶?·cm2和10⁷?·cm²。在低温环境下，2种涂层的|Z|0.01 Hz均剧烈降至10⁶?·cm²和10⁵?·cm²。在低温环境下，环氧涂层主要因其热膨胀系数与金属基体存在较大差异，导致涂层与基体的体积变化出现差异，产生应力，从而失效。紫外环境改变了涂层表面的化学结构...     

装载缓蚀剂的蒙脱土对环氧涂层耐蚀性能的研究

将不同比例的装载缓蚀剂蒙脱土和环氧树脂混合制备出纳米复合环氧涂层。根据电化学阻抗谱 (EIS) 和盐雾实验对涂层的耐蚀性进行表征。结果表明,3%装载蒙脱土环氧涂层的水扩散系数为9.89×10^-11 cm²/s,孔隙率为2.22×10^-8,整个浸泡过程中阻抗值在10⁹ Ωcm²以上,表现出最佳的耐蚀性。     

防腐抗冲蚀复合涂层制备及性能研究

针对铁路扣件在沿海区域遭受冲蚀和海洋腐蚀难题,本文研制一种新型防腐抗冲蚀复合涂层。采用石墨烯锌防腐底漆和抗冲蚀弹性聚氨酯面漆,通过盐雾实验、电化学测试和涂层硬度测试评价复合涂层的综合防护性能。结果表明,制备的复合涂层抗冲蚀性能较好,在3.5% (质量分数) NaCl溶液中浸泡28 d后涂层电阻仍达到18.9 MΩ·cm²,复合涂层耐盐雾性能超过1500 h。     

采用荧光纳米填料改性环氧涂层实现缺陷可视化

通过水热法制备了8-羟基喹啉锌(ZnQ₂)荧光耐蚀双功能纳米填料,并添加到环氧树脂中制备荧光指示底漆;以单宁酸修饰的碳纳米管(TA-CNTs)作为填料制备高阻隔性环氧面漆,最终合成具有荧光缺陷指示与高耐蚀的双功能涂层。利用SEM、FT-IR、XRD、荧光光谱等验证了荧光纳米材料的成功合成;通过电化学测试和盐雾实验对该复合涂层的耐蚀性进行了评价,并通过荧光显微镜对复合改性涂层的缺陷指示功能进行了验证。结果表明：合成的ZnQ₂纳米填料具有优异的荧光指示和缓蚀作用,复合涂层经30 d的中性盐雾实验后,其低频阻抗|Z|_{0.01 Hz}仍保持在2.95×10⁹Ω·cm²,表现出了优异的耐蚀性。当复合涂层发生机械损伤时,涂层破损处在365 nm紫外照射下可发生强烈荧光。且经过盐雾实验10 d后,涂层缺陷处的荧光依旧保持良好,表明该荧光涂层有利于对涂层缺陷的快速诊断和维修指示。     

低表面处理环氧防腐底漆的制备及其耐蚀性研究

在Sa2等级的钢材表面制备出一种低表面处理环氧防腐底漆，其固含高达80%，实干速度只需4 h，平均附着力可达10 MPa，室外暴晒5 a涂层无任何开裂、脱落，且耐酸、碱、盐溶液腐蚀性能优异。利用Fourier红外光谱(FTIR)、电化学阻抗谱技术(EIS)和三维视频显微镜对涂层的电化学性能和耐蚀机理进行了研究，结果表明，经过2400 h海水浸泡，涂层阻抗可达10¹⁰Ω·cm²，耐海水腐蚀性能优异，阻抗值随浸泡时间的延长先减小后增大。环氧树脂和聚酰胺固化交联形成的致密涂层对腐蚀介质起到了很好的屏蔽作用，中后期磷酸锌颜料与钢材表面铁锈反应生成的稳定络合物阻止了腐蚀介质的渗入，是其耐腐蚀和实现低表面处理的关键。     

短切玄武岩纤维增强环氧树脂复合涂层的制备及性能研究

目的 研究玄武岩纤维/树脂基体界面对涂层性能的影响,通过界面结构的调控提升复合涂层的综合性能。方法 采用酸刻蚀、活化和化学接枝等改性方法处理短切玄武岩纤维,制备短切玄武岩纤维增强环氧复合涂层。通过扫描电子显微镜、硬度测试、摩擦磨损测试、热重分析、电化学测试等方法研究短切玄武岩纤维不同表面改性方法(酸刻蚀、酸刻蚀+化学接枝、活化处理、活化+化学接枝)和添加量对涂层硬度、摩擦磨损性能及腐蚀防护性能的影响。结果 4种表面改性方法均对短切玄武岩纤维的表面活性有提升效果,改善了短切玄武岩纤维与环氧树脂的相容性。其中,活化+化学接枝协同改性的效果最为显著,经过该方法改性后,复合涂层的硬度、耐磨性、耐热性显著提高。与环氧涂层相比,复合涂层的摩擦因数降低了0.113,硬度提高了32.59%,相同温度(320℃)下的重量损失降低了5%。同时,复合涂层的耐蚀性也显著增强,浸泡133 d后的涂层阻抗值仍保持1×10⁸?·cm²以上。结论 表面改性使短切玄武岩纤维与环氧树脂之间相容性增强,进而形成了强有力的相互作用与结合,使得环氧涂层的硬度、耐磨性能、耐热性能和腐蚀...     

复合填料对提高环氧涂层耐腐蚀性能研究

通过向环氧涂层中添加适量的氧化石墨烯-氟代聚苯胺(GO-PFAN)复合填料，有效提高了环氧涂层在N80钢的耐腐蚀性能，同时考察了复合填料加量对环氧涂层防腐性能的影响。实验结果表明，氧化石墨烯-氟代聚苯胺/环氧复合涂层在3.5%NaCl溶液中浸泡60天后仍具有较高的阻抗值，其中复合填料添加量为2 wt%的环氧涂层的阻抗值最高，为5.67×10¹⁰Ω·cm²，说明添加了复合填料的环氧涂层具有优异的防腐性能。     

石墨烯改性环氧树脂涂层的制备及其性能

为增强传统环氧树脂涂料的耐腐蚀性能,将改性石墨烯与涂料复合,制备了不同石墨烯含量的复合涂层。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、接触角测定仪、显微红外光谱仪、热重分析仪、多功能表面测试仪等表征了添加不同含量石墨烯涂层前后的截面形貌、接触角、耐热性能以及摩擦磨损性能;采用电化学阻抗谱(EIS)、极化曲线研究涂层浸泡在3.5%Na Cl溶液中的电化学行为,并通过中性盐雾试验测试不同石墨烯含量涂层的耐盐雾腐蚀性能。结果表明:当石墨烯添加量为1%时,涂层各方面性能相对最佳。与未添加改性石墨烯涂层相比,改性石墨烯涂层的接触角增加5°,疏水性能增加;平均摩擦因数从0.28降至0.08,耐磨损性能提高;自腐蚀电流减小,自腐蚀电位正移耐腐蚀性能显著增强;1 800 h盐雾试验中1%石墨烯涂料样板未发生明显腐蚀。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.