山楂多糖提取工艺优化及其降血糖、降血脂活性

本文优化了山楂多糖的微波辅助提取工艺,并对其降血糖降血脂活性进行了研究。在考察固液比、提取温度、微波功率、提取时间对山楂多糖提取量影响的基础上,采用Box-Behnken响应面法对提取工艺进行优化。通过测定初步纯化的山楂粗多糖对α-葡萄糖苷酶、胰脂肪酶抑制率和DPPH·清除率,评价山楂多糖的降血糖、降血脂活性。结果表明,山楂多糖的最佳提取工艺条件为:提取温度63 ℃,微波功率500 W,提取时间7 min,在此条件下山楂多糖提取量为(147.10±0.32) mg/g。山楂粗多糖对α-葡萄糖苷酶、胰脂肪酶抑制率和DPPH·清除率的IC₅₀分别为(99.22±0.89) μg/mL、(22.50±0.79) mg/mL、(185.80±0.64) μg/mL,表明山楂粗多糖具有一定的降血糖、降血脂作用。     

桦褐孔菌菌丝体多糖提取工艺优化及其降血糖能力测定

以桦褐孔菌（Inonotus obliquus）菌丝体为试验材料,多糖提取率为评价指标,采用Box-Behnken 响应面法从提取时间、液料比和提取温度3 个因素优化桦褐孔菌菌丝体多糖的提取工艺,并研究粗多糖对α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶活性的影响。结果表明,桦褐孔菌菌丝体多糖的最佳提取条件为提取温度97 ℃、液料比51 ∶1（mL/g）、提取时间1.9 h、提取3 次,在此条件下多糖提取率为（8.02±0.45）%。体外酶抑制试验表明,桦褐孔菌菌丝体多糖浓度为10 mg/mL 时,对α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶的抑制率分别为（77.64±1.78）%和（39.20±1.17）%,二者的半抑制浓度（half maximal inhibitory concentration,IC50）分别为3.07 mg/mL 和17.20 mg/mL,对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用明显,表明其具有较好的降血糖能力。     

芋头球蛋白的提取纯化及其对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性研究

目的:探究芋头球蛋白体外调节血糖活性。方法:以磷酸缓冲液提取芋头球蛋白,以蛋白质提取率为指标考察了料液比、温度、时间和次数对蛋白质提取的影响,在此基础上采用响应面优化提取工艺。采用DEAE-52离子纤维素柱层析法纯化粗蛋白,通过高效液相色谱法检测纯化所得球蛋白的纯度,并测定其等电点和分子量。研究了芋头球蛋白对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制活性及抑制动力学,以阿卡波糖为阳性对照,评价其体外调节血糖活性。结果:最佳提取条件为:料液比1:16 g/mL、温度41 ℃、时间124 min,此时提取率为36.75%±0.31%,得率0.70%±0.04%,纯度85.72%±0.47%。纯化后的球蛋白经高效液相色谱检测得一主峰,纯度为93.27%,得率为0.20%±0.01%,等电点pI=5.6,分子量为22 kDa左右。芋头球蛋白对两种酶的抑制活性与蛋白浓度存在量效关系,对α-淀粉酶的IC₅₀为0.75±0.10 mg/mL,对α-葡萄糖苷酶的IC₅₀为（2.09±0.19） mg/mL,而阿卡波糖对α-淀粉酶的IC₅₀为（0.61±0.13） mg/mL,对α-葡萄糖苷酶的IC₅₀为（0.69±0.16） mg/mL,说明芋头球蛋白对α-淀粉酶略低于阿卡波糖,而对α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性远低于阿卡波糖,二者的抑制类型均为可逆性的非竞争性抑制,对α-淀粉酶抑制的K_i=（0.61±0.05） mg/mL,对α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制的K_i=（0.26±0.02） mmol/L。结论:本研究优化了芋头球蛋白的提取工艺,纯化得到芋头球蛋白,研究发现其有一定的体外调节血糖的活性,对功能食品的研发和芋头产品提高附加值具有一定的指导意义。     

三种食用菌提取物体外抗氧化与降血糖活性研究

目的:为评价三种食用菌体外抗氧化与降血糖作用。方法:采用水杨酸显色法、DPPH·显色法、铁氰化钾显色法测定三种食用菌及副产物(竹荪、竹荪菌托、茶树菇、松乳菇)提取物的抗氧化能力,再通过α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶活性抑制作用分析提取物的降血糖活性。结果:在实验浓度(0.5~5 mg/mL)范围内三种食用菌及副产物的提取物具有一定的抗氧化和降血糖作用,且存在明显的量效关系。抗氧化以V_C作为阳性对照,降血糖组间进行对照。当浓度达到5 mg/mL时,茶树菇提取物对·OH和DPPH·的清除率最高可达89.45%和87.81%,对Fe3+的还原能力与V_C相近,IC₅₀均为1.04 mg/mL;而竹荪和竹荪菌托提取物对·OH(45.19%和36.04%)、DPPH·(44.30%和36.81%)的清除率和对Fe3+的还原能力(46.61%和48.09%)均较弱,且IC₅₀值均超出实验浓度。当浓度达到5 mg/mL时,茶树菇提取物对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶活性的抑制率分别62.15%和57.08%,IC₅₀值为3.82和4.10 mg/mL;松乳菇提取物对两种酶的抑制率分别为83.52%和75.43%,IC₅₀值为2.22和2.53 mg/mL;而竹荪和竹荪菌托提取物对α-淀粉酶(15.15%和24.56%)和α-葡萄糖苷酶(26.20%和23.41%)活性的抑制率均较低,且IC₅₀值均超出实验浓度。结论:茶树菇提取物降血糖和抗氧化作用均较强,而松乳菇提取物的降血糖作用较强而抗氧化作用较弱,竹荪和竹荪菌托提取物的抗氧化活性和降血糖活性均较弱。     

桑黄裂蹄针层孔菌提取物生物活性成分及功能特性分析

以桑黄裂蹄针层孔菌（Phellinus linteus）为研究对象,采用6 种溶剂对其进行提取,对提取物中多酚和麦角甾醇的含量进行测定,并对每种溶剂提取物的体外抗氧化和α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性进行分析。结果表明：乙醇提取物的多酚含量最高为（3.03±0.27）mg GAE/g DW。乙醇、丙酮和乙酸乙酯提取物麦角甾醇含量相当且显著高于其他溶剂提取物。乙醇提取物具有最高的DPPH 自由基、ABTS+自由基清除能力[IC50 分别为（23.37±0.83）、（78.42±1.28）μg/mL]、铁还原能力[（50.05±1.90）mmol/g]和α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性[IC50 为（13.95±0.79）μg/mL）]。相关性分析表明桑黄裂蹄针层孔菌的多酚含量与其ABTS+自由基清除能力、铁还原能力和α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性间具有显著相关性（p＜0.05）,且相互协同的酚酸类物质是潜在的功能成分。     

α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂筛选及其抑制类型研究

采用体外筛选模型,从多糖和多酚中筛选高效的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂。以PNPG为底物,测定各物质对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用,计算IC50。根据IC50值,对抑制效果较好的抑制剂采用LineweaverBurk(L-B)作图法确定其抑制反应的类型。结果表明:原花青素和染料木黄酮对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制效果较好,IC50分别为4.81μg/mL和10.19μg/mL。原花青素对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制类型为竞争性抑制,抑制常数Ki为4.728mg/L;染料木黄酮对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制类型为非竞争性抑制,抑制常数Ki为11.090mg/L。     

香蕉花黄酮的提取工艺优化及其抑制α-糖苷酶活性研究

以芦丁为标样,香蕉花中黄酮提取量为参考指标,探讨乙醇回流提取香蕉花黄酮工艺,并用α-葡萄糖苷酶对香蕉花乙醇提取物进行活性分析,确定α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制类型。结果表明:用乙醇回流提取香蕉花黄酮的最佳工艺条件为乙醇溶液体积分数60%、料液比1:30(g/mL)、提取温度65℃、提取时间1h,平均黄酮提取量为26.25mg/mL;α-葡萄糖苷酶对香蕉花乙醇提取物有较强的酶抑制活性,抑制率可达到88.56%;α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂的类型是竞争性抑制,α-葡萄糖苷酶Km=674.074μg/mL。     

香蕉花提取物中抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性组分研究

利用α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂阻止碳水化合物在体内的消化吸收,是治疗糖尿病的1种有效方式。采用体外α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制模型,以阿卡波糖为阳性对照,对香蕉花中不同极性组分进行活性评价。结果表明:各组分对α-葡萄糖苷酶均有一定抑制活性,其中石油醚部分对-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用最强,IC50达788.36 g/mL,低于对照阿卡波糖(IC50=999.31μg/mL),乙酸乙酯(IC50=1 877.77μg/mL)和正丁醇部分(IC50=2 117.78μg/mL)活性次之。该提取物最高活性部分对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制类型为竞争性抑制,根据Lineweaver-Burk方程求得Ki值为250.70μg/mL;对石油醚部分进行GC-MS分析,鉴定出29种化合物,主要化学成分为有机酸类(71.58%)、酯类(13.01%)、胺类(5.88%)、醛类(1.52%)、酮类(0.42%)化合物。     

黄精总皂苷提取工艺优化及其对α-淀粉酶及α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性

以黄精总皂苷得率为评价指标,通过单因素试验对纤维素酶添加量、果胶酶添加量、料液比、酶解pH、酶解温度以及酶解时间进行研究,采用响应面对提取条件进行优化,并以阿卡波糖为阳性对照,探究不同浓度下黄精总皂苷的α-淀粉酶及α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性。结果表明,最佳提取条件为:纤维素酶添加量0.4%、果胶酶添加量5.0%、料液比1:16 g/mL、酶解pH为5.0、酶解温度45℃、酶解时间2.0 h,总皂苷得率4.06%。当黄精总皂苷浓度为3.000 mg/mL时,其对α-葡萄糖苷酶最高抑制率可达74%,接近于阿卡波糖(0.5 mg/mL)的82%;当黄精总皂苷浓度为2.000 mg/mL时,其对α-淀粉酶最高抑制率可达82%,超过阿卡波糖(0.5 mg/mL)的80%。本研究使用的复合酶法提高了黄精总皂苷得率并证实了其具有一定的α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶抑制活性。     

黑豆皮多酚提取物体外对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖 苷酶活性的影响

目的以小麦粉、大米粉、小米粉、玉米粉4种常食用谷物和4-硝基酚-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(4-Nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside,p NPG)为底物,研究在不同底物下不同浓度黑豆皮多酚提取物对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶活性的影响,同时探明其对酶的抑制动力学。方法采用大孔树脂纯化黑豆皮提取物,Folin-Ciocalteu比色法测定多酚含量,分光光度法测其抑制率,多重比较分析不同底物及不同浓度提取物的差异。结果提取物溶液浓度与抑制作用呈量效关系:当抑制剂浓度为0.25、0.5、1、2 mg/mL时谷物类底物间抑制率存在显著差异(P0.05),4、6 mg/mL时差异不显著;经纯化后多酚含量(78.3%)较纯化之前(39.5%)显著提高,同时其对酶抑制作用较纯化之前显著增强;动力学分析结果表明黑豆皮多酚提取物对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶两种酶的抑制类型分别为竞争性抑制和非竞争性抑制类型。结论黑豆皮多酚提取物在体外对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶均具有较强的活性抑制作用。     

Bioactivity and chemical characterization in hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds of Chenopodium ambrosioides L.

The bioactive properties (antioxidant and antitumour activities, and hepatotoxicity) of the infusion and methanolic extracts of Chenopodium ambrosioides L., a plant commonly used in Portuguese folk medicine, were compared. The chemical composition in hydrophilic (sugars, organic acids and phenolic compounds) and lipophilic (fatty acids and tocopherols) fractions were determined. In general, the infusion revealed higher antioxidant activity, while the methanolic extract was the only one showing antitumour effects against colon, cervical and hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. No toxicity in non-tumour cells was observed either for the infusion or the extract. The studied plant proved to be a good source of natural antioxidants and other bioactive compounds, which may have industrial use. As far as we know, this is the first detailed chemical characterization and bioactivity evaluation of C. ambrosioides methanolic extract and infusion.     

生何首乌体外抗氧化活性及抗菌活性的研究

研究生何首乌不同提取物的体外抗氧化活性及抗菌活性。在体外化学模拟的条件下,采用比色法,测定了何首乌水提物和醇提物对DPPH自由基的还原能力及抗脂质过氧化能力,羟基自由基的清除能力以及总体抗氧化能力。同时测定了何首乌水提物和醇提物的总酚酸和总黄酮的含量。利用滤纸片扩散法测定了何首乌水提物和醇提物对6种微生物的抗菌活性。何首乌醇提物的体外抗氧化活性强于水提物,具有显著的DPPH自由基和羟基自由基清除能力和较强的抗脂质过氧化能力,具有一定的还原能力,其总体抗氧化能力也比较强。何首乌水提取物和醇提取物的总酚酸和总黄酮含量分别126.52、77.25μg/mg和153.04、126.11μg/mg。另外何首乌的醇提物对金黄色葡萄球菌、四联球菌和大肠杆菌显示出较强的抑制活性,水提物对金黄色葡萄球菌和荧光假单胞菌显示出一定的抑菌活性。何首乌具有强的抗氧化活性与一定的抗菌活性。     

Free radical scavenging, cytotoxic, and hemolytic activities of an active antioxidant compound ethyl gallate from leaves of Acacia nilotica (L.) Wild. Ex. Delile subsp. indica (Benth.) Brenan

Abstract: In the present study, free radical scavenging, cytotoxic, and hemolytic activities of the polyphenolic compound ethyl gallate isolated from ethanol extract of Acacia nilotica Wild. Ex. Del. leaves were determined. The free radical‐scavenging activities of the ethyl gallate were demonstrated in several in vitro assays in order to evaluate the possible antioxidant mechanism. The results revealed ethyl gallate as hydrogen donor, metal chelator, and free radical scavenger. Ethyl gallate was effective in scavenging 1,1‐Diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals and the IC₅₀ value was lower than all the positive controls used in this study. Deoxyribose degradation assay revealed that ethyl gallate had more iron‐chelating ability than the direct hydroxyl radical‐scavenging ability. The results of the cytotoxic study revealed that the compound was moderately active and IC₅₀ value was found to be >100 μg/mL for Vero cell lines and 72 μg/mL for Hela cell lines. The compound possessed no hemolytic activity against rat and human erythrocytes revealing its cytotoxic mechanism and nontoxicity. The results from this work will provide an important information for the food and pharmacological industries with respect to the use of the compound as an antioxidant and a health‐related drug. Practical Application: Antioxidant from plant sources is safe to use, as compared to synthetic products. It also can be used as a supplement to alleviate most of the diseases because of its free radical‐scavenging activity.     

Antioxidant and chelating activity of Jatropha curcas L. protein hydrolysates

BACKGROUND: Antioxidant and chelating activities were determined in protein hydrolysates that were produced by treating a protein isolate of a non‐toxic genotype of Jatropha curcas with the protease preparation alcalase. RESULTS: 50 min protein hydrolysate with a degree of hydrolysis of 31.7% showed highest antioxidant and chelating activity. These activities were also determined in six peptidic fractions that were separated by gel filtration chromatography of the 50 min hydrolysate. The lower‐molecular‐weight peptidic fractions had the highest antioxidant and chelating activities, which correlated with a higher content in antioxidant and chelating amino acids such as tyrosine and histidine. CONCLUSION: Results show that J. curcas represents a good source of bioactive peptides. This may be important for the revalorization of defatted J. curcas flour, a by‐product resulting form oil extraction for biodiesel production. This is especially important in Third World and developing countries such as Mexico. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

檀香叶提取物抗氧化及抗菌活性初步研究

研究檀香(Sandalwood)叶不同溶剂提取物的抗氧化及抗菌活性,为檀香叶资源开发利用提供依据。采用4种不同溶剂提取檀香叶中抗氧化、抗菌活性成分;采用清除DPPH自由基方法测定抗氧化活性,采用平板打孔法测定抗菌活性。结果表明:檀香叶80%乙醇、水、乙酸乙酯提取物可以清除DPPH自由基;80%乙醇提取物对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌有抗菌作用,但对霉菌、啤酒酵母没有抑菌作用。乙醇提取物经不同温度、不同光照时间处理后,其抗氧化、抗菌活性较稳定。乙醇提取物经不同pH处理后,抗氧化物质在pH6～8范围内稳定,抗菌物质在pH3～7范围内稳定,碱性条件下不稳定。檀香叶乙醇提取物化学成分标识结果表明:檀香叶乙醇提取物中含有多糖、鞣质、黄酮类、酚类物、有机酸以及氨基酸、多肽、蛋白质等成分。结论:80%乙醇、水、乙酸乙酯提取物具有抗氧化活性,其中,80%乙醇提取物抗氧化活性最好。只有80%乙醇提取物具有抗菌活性。     

Proteins and trypsin inhibitor activity of guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L. Taub) seed

Proteins soluble in tris-acetate buffer (pH9.0) were fractionated by DEAE-cellulose, DEAE-Sephadex A-50 and Sephadex G-200 column chromatography. The purified proteins which contained 5–6% carbohydrate, had molecular weights of 125 900 and 22 390 amu. The high molecular weight fraction was homogeneous by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Proteins extracted in phosphate buffer (0.1M , pH7.6) when subjected to Sephadex G-200 gel chromatography were resolved into three fractions, all of which showed considerable trypsin inhibitor activity. Germination for 3 days reduced the trypsin inhibitor activity of the seed by about 30%.     

Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Satureja montana L. extracts

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of extracts (aqueous, ethanolic and essential oil) from Satureja montana and to characterise the chemical composition of its essential oil. RESULTS: Satureja montana L. essential oil had relatively high antimicrobial activities against the seven species of bacteria tested. In contrast, aqueous extracts did not reveal antibacterial activity, and the ethanol extract was not effective against Salmonella typhimurium. The major volatile constituents of the essential oil were carvacrol (306 g L^?1), thymol (141 g L^?1), and carvacrol methyl ether (63 g L^?1). The strongest antioxidant capacity was obtained with the hot water extracts of S. montana, whereas the plant essential oil revealed the highest phenolic content. CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that the bioactive extracts of S. montana have strong potential for use as natural antimicrobials and antioxidants in the preservation of processed food. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

姜黄提取物的抗氧化及抗菌活性研究

以猪油的过氧化物值为指标,抗氧化能力由强到弱依次为姜黄素类化合物〉姜黄素〉挥发油。挥发油的抗菌能力比较强,对大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、青霉、酵母菌均有抑制作用;姜黄素类化合物只对青霉有抑制作用;姜黄素对四种菌均无抑制作用。     

Molecular Characterization and Identification of Bioactive Peptides Producing Lactobacillus sps. Based on 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing

In the present study, 3 bacterial cultures were isolated from faecal samples of human infant. The biochemical traits showed similarity with Lactobacillus sps and 16S rRNA sequence analyses, confirmed as Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus casei, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus. The cultures were screened for their proteolytic activity and good ability to release peptides from milk proteins was found. Hence, these bacteria were used as a proteolytic starter culture for the fermentation of skim milk and whey for the liberation of small peptides. Bioactive nature of the peptides released from whey and skim milk was tested, and results demonstrated that peptides obtained after fermentation of whey and skim milk by Lactobacillus strains showed antimicrobial activity against all the pathogens causing food borne infections in humans. These peptides also indicated antioxidant as well as ACE (angiotensin-converting enzymes) inhibitory activity.