基于边缘方向直方图的形状检索

近年来,随着多媒体技术和数字设备的出现,如何有效地管理和访问图像信息已成为人们亟待解决的问题.因此,一种新的图像检索技术——基于内容的图像检索技术被提出来.其中,由于图像的形状特征更符合人们的视觉感知,因此基于形状的图像检索越来越受到研究者的关注.旨在研究基于形状轮廓特征的图像检索,提出了基于边缘方向的直方图形状检索算法.通过对常用边缘检测算子的分析和比较,给出了边缘方向直方图特征提取的具体实现技术,对采用的特征匹配方法做了描述,最后通过实验的结果与分析验证了算法的性能.     

High-dimensional feature extraction using bit-plane decomposition of local binary patterns for robust face recognition

Transforming an original image into a high-dimensional (HD) feature has been proven to be effective in classifying images. This paper presents a novel feature extraction method utilizing the HD feature space to improve the discriminative ability for face recognition. We observed that the local binary pattern can be decomposed into bit-planes, each of which has scale-specific directional information of the face image. Each bit-plane not only has the inherent local-structure of the face image but also has an illumination-robust characteristic. By concatenating all the decomposed bit-planes, we generate an HD feature vector with an improved discriminative ability. To reduce the computational complexity while preserving the incorporated local structural information, a supervised dimension reduction method, the orthogonal linear discriminant analysis, is applied to the HD feature vector. Extensive experimental results show that existing classifiers with the proposed feature outperform those with other conventional features under various illumination, pose, and expression variations.     

基于色彩和纹理特征融合的模糊人脸识别方法

基于纹理特征的方法被广泛应用于人脸识别。然而纹理特征依赖于图像的高频细节信息,当图像出现模糊时,单纯利用纹理特征的识别方法的识别精度会急剧下降。为了克服纹理特征的在模糊人脸识别中的不足,提出了一种基于色彩特征和纹理特征融合的识别方法。首先参照人类的对立色感知机制提取人脸的色彩特征;然后,将该色彩特征和纹理特征分别用于识别分类;最后,将二者的识别相似度进行融合,得到最终的识别结果。该色彩特征描述了图像的低频信息,其对图像模糊不敏感,并且与描述图像高频信息的纹理特征具有良好的互补性。在FERET 和AR 人脸库上的实验表明,融合色彩特征和纹理特征有效地提高了模糊人脸的识别精度。     

Local maximum edge binary patterns: A new descriptor for image retrieval and object tracking

A new algorithm meant for content based image retrieval (CBIR) and object tracking applications is presented in this paper. The local region of image is represented by local maximum edge binary patterns (LMEBP), which are evaluated by taking into consideration the magnitude of local difference between the center pixel and its neighbors. This LMEBP differs from the existing LBP in a manner that it extracts the information based on distribution of edges in an image. Further, the effectiveness of our algorithm is confirmed by combining it with Gabor transform. Four experiments have been carried out for proving the worth of our algorithm. Out of which three are meant for CBIR and one for object tracking. It is further mentioned that the database considered for first three experiments are Brodatz texture database (DB1), MIT VisTex database (DB2), rotated Brodatz database (DB3) and the fourth contains three observations. The results after being investigated show a significant improvement in terms of their evaluation measures as compared to LBP and other existing transform domain techniques.     

Asymboost-based fisher linear classifier for face recognition

When using AdaBoost to select discriminant features from some feature space （e.g. Gabor feature space） for face recognition, cascade structure is usually adopted to leverage the asymmetry in the distribution of positive and negative samples. Each node in the cascade structure is a classifier trained by AdaBoost with an asymmetric learning goal of high recognition rate but only moderate low false positive rate. One limitation of AdaBoost arises in the context of skewed example distribution and cascade classifiers： AdaBoost minimizes the classification error, which is not guaranteed to achieve the asymmetric node learning goal. In this paper, we propose to use the asymmetric AdaBoost （Asym-Boost） as a mechanism to address the asymmetric node learning goal. Moreover, the two parts of the selecting features and forming ensemble classifiers are decoupled, both of which occur simultaneously in AsymBoost and AdaBoost. Fisher Linear Discriminant Analysis （FLDA） is used on the selected features to learn a linear discriminant function that maximizes the separability of data among the different classes, which we think can improve the recognition performance. The proposed algorithm is demonstrated with face recognition using a Gabor based representation on the FERET database. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm yields better recognition performance than AdaBoost itself.     

Local maximal margin discriminant embedding for face recognition

In this paper, a manifold learning based method named local maximal margin discriminant embedding (LMMDE) is developed for feature extraction. The proposed algorithm LMMDE and other manifold learning based approaches have a point in common that the locality is preserved. Moreover, LMMDE takes consideration of intra-class compactness and inter-class separability of samples lying in each manifold. More concretely, for each data point, it pulls its neighboring data points with the same class label towards it as near as possible, while simultaneously pushing its neighboring data points with different class labels away from it as far as possible under the constraint of locality preserving. Compared to most of the up-to-date manifold learning based methods, this trick makes contribution to pattern classification from two aspects. On the one hand, the local structure in each manifold is still kept in the embedding space; one the other hand, the discriminant information in each manifold can be explored. Experimental results on the ORL, Yale and FERET face databases show the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Center symmetric local binary co-occurrence pattern for texture,face and bio-medical image retrieval

Content based image retrieval is a common problem for a large image database. Many methods have been proposed for image retrieval for some particular type of datasets. In the proposed work, a new image retrieval technique has been introduced. This technique is useful for different kind of dataset. In the proposed method, center symmetric local binary pattern has been extracted from the original image to obtain the local information. Co-occurrence of pixel pairs in local pattern map have been observed in different directions and distances using gray level co-occurrence matrix. Earlier methods have utilized histogram to extract the frequency information of local pattern map but co-occurrence of pixel pairs is more robust than frequency of patterns. The proposed method is tested on three different category of images, i.e., texture, face and medical image database and compared with typical state-of-the-art local patterns.     

基于局部四值模式的人脸识别

局部二值模式(LBP)作为经典的纹理特征描述方法广泛应用于纹理分类和人脸识别等领域。然而现有相关算法仅利用周围一个圆形邻域的信息,没有充分利用周围邻域的信息。为此,提出一种利用不同圆形邻域之间的微分结构信息进行联合描述的特征描述子,从而能够更加充分地利用邻域信息。由于所提方法在圆形邻域上每个坐标处有4种不同可能的取值情况,因此将这种模型称为局部四值模式(LQP)。在通用的人脸识别数据库FERET上的大量实验证明了所提算法的有效性。     

Research on face recognition based on IMED and 2DPCA

This letter proposes an effective method for recognizing face images by combining two-Dimensional Principal Component Analysis （2DPCA） with IMage Euclidean Distance （IMED） method. The proposed method is comprised of four main stages. The first stage uses the wavelet decomposition to extract low frequency subimages from original face images and omits the other three subimages. The second stage concerns the application of IMED to face images. In the third stage, 2DPCA is employed to extract the face features from the processed results in the second stage. Finally, Support Vector Machine （SVM） is applied to classify the extracted face features. Experimental results on the AR face image database show that the proposed method yields better recognition performance in comparison with the 2DPCA method that is not combined with IMED.     

An LBP-based multi-scale illumination preprocessing method for face recognition

It is one of the major challenges for face recognition to minimize the disadvantage of il- lumination variations of face images in different scenarios. Local Binary Pattern (LBP) has been proved to be successful for face recognition. However, it is still very rare to take LBP as an illumination preprocessing approach. In this paper, we propose a new LBP-based multi-scale illumination pre- processing method. This method mainly includes three aspects: threshold adjustment, multi-scale addition and symmetry re...     

LBP和2DDCT相结合的单幅人脸图像识别

LBP（局部二值模式）作为一种有效的纹理描述算子,度量和提取图像局部的纹理信息,对光照具有不变性,在单幅人脸图像识别具有很好的应用。在研究此理论的基础上提出了一种基于局部二值模式（LBP）与二维离散余弦变换（2DDCT）相结合的人脸识别方法。将单幅的人脸图像规则的分成多个子块,对每个子块进行LBP变换,把每个LBP变换的后的子块分别用2DDCT变换到频率域,大部分信息保存在低频部分,选取低频作为人脸的频率域特征,有效的降低了维数,使计算量降低。实验结果表面,在ORL人脸数据库上具有较高的识别率。     

Local appearance based face recognition method using block based steerable pyramid transform

In this paper, an efficient local appearance feature extraction method based on Steerable Pyramid (S-P) wavelet transform is proposed for face recognition. Local information is extracted by computing the statistics of each sub-block obtained by dividing S-P sub-bands. The obtained local features of each sub-band are combined at the feature and decision level to enhance face recognition performance. The purpose of this paper is to explore the usefulness of S-P as feature extraction method for face recognition. The proposed approach is compared with some related feature extraction methods such as principal component analysis (PCA), as well as linear discriminant analysis LDA and boosted LDA. Different multi-resolution transforms, wavelet (DWT), gabor, curvelet and contourlet, are also compared against the block-based S-P method. Experimental results on ORL, Yale, Essex and FERET face databases convince us that the proposed method provides a better representation of the class information, and obtains much higher recognition accuracies in real-world situations including changes in pose, expression and illumination.     

基于改进方向纹理谱特征的图像检索

在定义图像局部邻域纹理方向特性的基础上,提出了一种新的方向纹理谱描述符。该描述符针对局部邻域内中心像素与其相对的邻域像素,既充分考虑了它们间的灰度变化关系,又考虑了它们间灰度差异的变化关系,从而更有效地描述了局部纹理特征。为证明新描述符的分辨能力,采用4种不同图像库进行图像检索对比实验,结果表明,本文的新纹理谱描述符取得了最好的检索效果。     

分数阶微分算子增强图像边缘和纹理

为了提高增强图像边缘和纹理的能力,分析了分数阶微分算子频域特性,大幅提升信号高频成分同时增强信号的中频成分以及非线性保留信号的甚低频成分,据此可增强图像的边缘信息和纹理细节信息。从分数阶微分定义出发,构建了近似微分算子模板及线性滤波算法。考虑到边缘和纹理具有方向性、空间邻域内像素的关联性以及相邻像素灰度值的相近性,提出在3×3模板窗口内,取中心点四个方向最大值为增强值。实验结果表明,本文提出的分数阶微分算子能明显地增强图像的边缘和纹理信息,增强后图像清晰度提高,视觉效果明显。     

Research on two-dimensional lda for face recognition

The letter presents an improved two-dimensional linear discriminant analysis method for feature extraction. Compared with the current two-dimensional methods for feature extraction, the improved two-dimensional linear discriminant analysis method makes full use of not only the row and the column direction information of face images but also the discriminant information among different classes. The method is evaluated using the Nanjing University of Science and Technology （NUST） 603 face database and the Aleix Martinez and Robert Benavente （AR） face database. Experimental results show that the method in the letter is feasible and effective.