BIM在建筑节能改造可持续设计中的应用研究

随着全球气温变暖和可持续发展的标准日益严格,建筑节能改造项目大幅增加,在建筑改造项目中应遵循可持续性的理念.结合当前国际上可持续性决策方法及采用的环境计划认证标准(BREEAM和LEED)提出在改造项目中利用BIM可持续设计工具,建立建筑材料生命周期能量库,为改造项目的可持续性设计、评价提供可靠材料.     

BIM和可持续性一体化课程

绿色建筑和可持续性施工一直以来都被列入本科和研究生阶段的施工管理项目课程中。在这类课程中,能源与环境设计认证(LEED)绿色建筑评级系统是一项重要课题。大学中现有的LEED教学一般都仅限于教科书和参考书中的基础理论。由于缺乏实践经验,学生们通常都难以理解LEED系统的基本原理,因此也不能理解LEED项目是如何在工程领域中实现的。本文将探讨林克尔(Rinker)建筑学院通过整合BIM,研究实验出一种能够促进可持续性的创新教学方法。BIM-for-LEED教学模式以佛罗里达大学校园中已通过LEED认证的建筑为例,利用先进的BIM制作和分析工具来表达成功获得LEED认证的关键设计因素。这个教学重点强调了满足LEED认证所需的设计要素,以及满足这些要素所需的BIM解决方案中的功能性。教学中所设置的课程和实验,都是为了进一步扩展学生在计算机辅助的可持续性设计方面的知识,更重要的是,亲自参与建模实验可以了解满足LEED认证的设计流程的最基本元素。在学期结束时,学生们不仅对可持续性和LEED评级系统有了更深入的理解,同时还掌握了关于LEED认证建筑建模的扎实技能。利用校园中LEED项目的优势在于学生们可以随时看到这些建筑,并分辨出其设计和实际建成建筑之间的区别,从而丰富了他们对从设计阶段到施工阶段,乃至建筑运营和维护阶段的可持续性设计和LEED的理解。     

Integrating building information modelling with sustainability to design building projects at the conceptual stage

Lately the construction industry has become more interested in designing and constructing environmentally friendly buildings (e.g. sustainable buildings) that can provide both high performance and monetary savings. In general, sustainability integrates the following three related components: (1) environmental, (2) economic, (3) social well-being. Incorporating these components at the conceptual stage is achieved by using sustainable design, through which designers must identify associated materials and systems based on any selected certification (rating) system. The use of building information modelling (BIM) concepts helps engineers design digital models that allow owners to visualize the building before the physical implementation takes place. To apply BIM concepts, designers use tools to create 3D models of buildings where the design materials and systems are selected from the built-in database of these tools. Designers will not be able to quantify the environmental impacts of these materials to support the decisions needed to design sustainable buildings due to the following reasons: (1) a lack of information about the sustainable materials that are stored in the database, (2) a lack of interoperability between the design and analysis tools that enable full life cycle assessments (LCAs) of buildings. This paper presents a methodology that integrates BIM and LCA tools with a database for designing sustainable building projects. The methodology describes the development and implementation of a model that incorporates a database in which information about sustainable materials is stored and linked to a BIM (3D) module along with an LCA module and a certification and cost module. The goal of this model is to simplify the process of creating sustainable designs and to evaluate the environmental impacts (EI) of newly designed buildings at the conceptual stage of their life. An actual building project is presented in order to illustrate the usefulness and capabilities of the developed model.     

Developing a green building assessment tool for developing countries – Case of Jordan

The purpose of this research is to contribute to a better understanding of the concept of green building assessment tool and its role for achieving sustainable development through developing an effective green building rating system for residential units in Jordan in terms of the dimensions through which sustainable development tools are being produced and according to the local context. Developing such system is becoming necessary in the Developing World because of the considerable environmental, social and economical problems. Jordan as one of these countries is in need for this system, especially with poor resources and inefficient use. Therefore, this research studied international green building assessment tools such as such as LEED, CASBEE, BREEAM, GBTool, and others. Then defined new assessment items respecting the local conditions of Jordan and discussed them with (60) various stakeholders; 50% of them were experts of sustainable development. After selecting the assessment items they were weighted using the AHP method. The outcome of the research was a suggested green building assessment tool (SABA Green Building Rating System) – computer based program – that suits the Jordanian context in terms of environmental, social and economical perspectives.     

A critical comparison of green building rating systems

Various green rating systems are established globally to evaluate the sustainability of construction projects. Their categories and criteria have been under constant updates to follow the sustainable trend of building development. This paper aims to develop a systematic review of the development of green rating systems. The specific objectives are: 1) discover how interest and research in green rating systems have developed; 2) identify the similarity,difference,strength and weakness of green rating systems;3) examine whether they fully assess the projects in all aspects of sustainability. Specifically,LEED( Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design),BREEAM( Building Research Establishment Assessment Method),CASBEE( Comprehensive Assessment Systemfor Building Environmental Efficiency) and Green Star NZ were analysed in this paper. The results indicate that BREEAM,LEED, and CASBEE have been utilized since late the 2000 s while Green Star NZ is still in its earlier stages. 70%of the research papers focusing on BREEAM,LEED,CASBEE are developed geographically in the USA,Canada, the UK,China, and Australia. Although these four rating systems were initiated in different contexts with different standards, Indoor Environment Quality,Energy,and Material are core common categories for all. Environmental concerns are the main focus in New Construction manuals while Society is emphasized in Neighbourhood Development manuals. Currently,BREEAM has been the only tool which could assess all four sustainable factors. Further in-depth research is anticipated to focus more on economic and institutional factors to improve the capability of green rating systems for sustainability assessment purposes.     

Building information modeling for sustainable design and LEED rating analysis

Today, there is a high level of demand for sustainable buildings. The most important decisions regarding a building's sustainable features are made during the design and preconstruction stages. Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED^®) is the most widely adopted sustainable building rating system in the United States. For projects pursuing LEED^® certification, designers have to conduct in-depth sustainability analyses based on a building's form, materials, context, and mechanical-electrical-plumbing (MEP) systems. Since Building Information Modeling (BIM) allows for multi-disciplinary information to be superimposed within one model, it creates an opportunity to conduct these analyses accurately and efficiently as compared to the traditional methods. In this exploratory research, a case study was conducted on Salisbury University's Perdue School of Business building to demonstrate the use of BIM for sustainable design and the LEED^® certification process. First, a conceptual framework was developed to establish the relationship between BIM-based sustainability analyses and the LEED^® certification process. Next, the framework was validated via this case study. The results of this study indicate that documentation supporting LEED^® credits may be directly or indirectly prepared using the results of BIM-based sustainability analyses software. This process could streamline the LEED^® certification process and save substantial time and resources which would otherwise be required using traditional methods.     

虚拟施工的BIM应用:三大高校合作项目

越来越多的设施业主要求项目组移交竣工BIM模型,以便用于建筑的运营和维护。根据项目要求的不同,业主可能将竣工模型建立与移交的责任指派给总承包商。因此,施工队伍的各成员不但越来越需要熟悉BIM建模软件的应用,还需熟悉利用可靠的设施信息支持完整BIM的必要业务流程。竣TBIM模型的创建,要求承包商首先要基于建筑师、工程师和顾问等设计师所提供的图纸和信息的基础上,创建建筑,结构和设备模型。这要求承包商的组织机构内要有一名人员具备各与专业设计模型相关的技能和知识。一旦设计模型被创建(或重新创建),承包商可将这些模型用于开发施工用的BIM模型。一个完整的施工模型通常包括:成本估算,施工进度计划、冲突检测与分析以及现场物流。业主对设施管理用竣工模型提出新增要求,包括添加运营和维护用的具体数据。本文所述项目旨在为了更好地了解,在为业主实施BIM的项目上,承包商对项目所起作用的复杂性。为实现此目标,三所大学合作建立了数个校际团队,从每所学校各抽调一名学生分配至三个团队的一个,充当BIM商业建筑项目BIM应用里的承包商角色。本文从两个方面汇报项目的挑战和细节:导师——项目组织、学习目标和策略,学生——项目组织、团队合作过程以及策略。     

PassivBIM: Enhancing interoperability between BIM and low energy design software

The process of building design is currently undergoing some major changes. In an attempt to mitigate climate change, the design of more sustainable buildings is advocated by the UK government. Furthermore, standalone design methods are being replaced with the concept of Building Information Modelling (BIM). The adoption of BIM has been documented to result in many benefits, which range from time to cost savings. During the initial planning stages, building performance simulation (BPS) can be used to inform design decisions. Data can be exchanged between BIM and BPS tools using data transfer schemas such as the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC). The IFC schema lacks an energy domain, and as a result, an extension is proposed in this paper. This contains energy concepts from a BPS tool called Passive House Planning Package (PHPP). The extended schema was developed by way of an externally coupled Java tool, which facilitates the transfer of data, and informs the building design decision-making process. The process of geometry extraction has been validated with several case studies, which are based on certified Passivhaus buildings in Hannover Kronsberg, Germany and Ebbw Vale, Wales. The amount of error is acceptable, and it is mostly due to differences in the initial BIM model setup, not due to the processing of IFC files.     

大型购物中心的低碳设计策略

大型购物中心作为一种高能耗的公共建筑,具有很大的减碳空间。目前国外的商业零售类建筑有许多节能减排的评价标准,包括美国LEED标准、澳大利亚绿色星级标准GSC、英国BREEAM绿色建筑评价标准等。在此基础上结合我国大型购物中心的特点,可以从节能、节水、材料选择和交通布局4个方面采用减碳措施。“低碳”设计与传统设计在工作方式上有明显的不同,需要量化分析,这样才能更为科学有效地评估建筑整个生命周期的环境效益。建议通过在购物中心的设计最初阶段整合低碳设计策略来实现减碳投资在建筑全生命周期价值的最大化,以实现环境效益与经济收益的平衡。     

绿——基于LEED评估体系的绿色建筑设计思考

绿色建筑是在经济与环境两个领域中有效地利用仅有的资源并提出解决的方法．进一步改善生活环境的建筑。绿色建筑最明显的影响．就是使环境和经济方面的关系达到一种平衡的状态,这也就是可持续发展的特点。     

BIM技术在三亚新海干部疗养基地设计中的应用(连载二)

传统的2D CAD技术在对建筑进行描述的过程中,由于建筑的平面和立面以及详图都是分开设计,不仅仅耗费时间,而且常常出现错误,难以将建筑形态加以详细准确描述,同时,由于CAD本身的局限性,设计师很难对二维空间模型做出准确的建筑性能分析。BIM技术的出现使设计师从二维平面拓展到三维空间,并且通过信息模型能准确的进行建筑性能分析。本文以三亚新海干部疗养基地为例,阐述了BIM技术在该项目设计过程中的应用,同时重点研究BIM技术和其他建筑性能分析软件的协同对接过程,归纳了一系列对可持续建筑设计具有指导意义的设计流程。     

基于BIM平台的绿色办公建筑早期设计决策观念模型

建筑信息模型（BIM）是当今建筑业蓬勃发展的一项数字化建模技术。作为一个建筑的信息共享资源,BIM可以在整个建筑生命周期内给予从业人员有效的设计决策支持。该文选取办公建筑这一常见建筑类型,探讨建立基于BIM技术早期绿色办公建筑设计决策观念模型。该观念模型包括早期设计信息初步模型与优化模型两大阶段模型,结合绿色办公建筑环境性能评价体系和BIM软件在早期设计阶段评估优化设计方案,旨在为建筑师提供准确和便捷的设计决策支持,提高绿色办公建筑设计质量。     

BIM技术在建筑设备专业设计中的软件应用

当下BIM技术的快速发展,给建筑设计领域带来了继手绘到二维CAD之后又一次新的技术变革。从方案设计到现场施工,从信息采集到工程管理,BIM技术应用贯穿始终,同样给传统的设备专业设计带来了新的变革。软件作为技术应用的工具,必然对设计成果的实现产生重要的影响。本文主要以BIM核心建模软件AECOsim Building Designer(以下简称ABD)作为建模工具,通过三维设备建模、碰撞检测等功能应用,展现BIM技术在建筑设备设计专业中的软件应用价值。     

装饰工程BIM应用流程初探——基于Revit的装饰模型建立和应用流程

在实现绿色建筑全寿命周期过程中,装饰工程是重要一环。因此,研究装饰工程的BIM技术应用流程有重要意义。本文在介绍装饰工程BIM技术应用的研究背景和现实状况的基础上,分析我国当前形成的传统装饰工程设计及施工全过程工作流程的特点及应用软件,基于Revit的BIM技术的应用特点,初步提出了当今装饰工程中BIM技术应用的基本流程,并总结当下在装饰工程实施流程中应用存在的障碍,探讨其在装饰工程中无缝应用的思路,展望未来发展方向。     

基于BIM技术的地域性绿色建筑设计

总结过去经验发现,全国发展绿色建筑采取的技术措施、绿色材料等都极为相似,缺少了对建筑特定地域的地域性思考。建筑信息模型(BIM)的协同设计、参数化表达等优点有助于推动绿色建筑地域化发展。以BIM技术为基础,建立地域性绿色建筑设计优化平台,梳理BIM技术与昆明DBJ53/T-49—2015《绿色建筑评价标准》之间的相互关系,以及BIM与地域特性及《绿色建筑评价标准》的对应关系,提出了地域性绿色建筑方案设计阶段应用BIM技术的设计流程与设计观念模型,该模型结合《绿色建筑评价标准》与地域特性建立早期设计模型,结合绿色建筑性能分析软件进行设计方案优化得到优化模型,为今后推动绿色建筑地域化发展提供设计思路,提高建筑设计质量。     

基于绿色BIM理念的多层建筑节能设计分析

近年来,随着我国建筑行业的发展和我国对绿色可持续发展目标的不断追求,设计人员逐渐采用BIM技术来进行建筑节能分析。本文在对绿色BIM理念及相应分析软件综述的基础上,采用绿建斯维尔软件对多层建筑进行了绿色节能实例分析。首先,应用该软件对建筑图纸进行读取,然后再选取适宜的建筑材料,并依据相应的技术标准对该建筑的节能、采光以及日照等方面进行了模拟优化设计。通过该软件可以直观地看出建筑基本数据、能耗损失和自然条件对建筑的影响。本文研究结果可为本地区的相似方案提供设计依据和参考标准,也充分展现了BIM技术优越性和广阔的发展前景。     

EPC模式下BIM全过程实践——以南京江北新区人才公寓(一号地块)为例

南京江北新区人才公寓(一号地块)项目是南京江北新区第一个以设计为龙头的EPC管理项目。该项目在设计和施工中采用BIM协同平台、5D平台为核心工具,并集成多项专项技术,实践了从设计到建造的全过程BIM应用。本文通过对EPC模式下,BIM应用优势和特点的梳理和挖掘,总结项目BIM全过程管理的经验与教训,为提升BIM全过程管理效率和虚拟建造项目技术质量,实现绿色、健康、智慧的百年建筑目标做出了有益的探索。     

基于 BIM 技术的绿色建筑协同设计

绿色建筑符合可续发展要求,是建筑行业实现转型的必由之路。本文将围绕绿色建筑的发展趋势,结合BIM技术协同原理,系统分析建筑的整个生命周期,并提出在绿色建筑设计过程中,在协调BIM技术与网络设计的同时,如何更好地协调所有参与人员的工作。     

BIM模型智能检查工具在审查平台及消防审查中的应用

随着BIM技术应用的普及,基于BIM技术进行工程项目审查审批逐渐成为业内关注的热点。清华大学自主研发的BIM模型智能检查工具BIMChecker在复杂建筑规范的结构化描述以及基于知识的智能检查方面具有特色。本文结合清华大学与中国建筑科学研究院在湖南省BIM审查系统消防审查上的创新性合作,阐述将BIM模型智能检查工具应用于BIM审查平台并实现基于机器的消防审查的应用实践。通过融合基于SNL规则的防火规范库构建、检查工具的语义推理功能及语义和几何计算融合的检查功能,审查平台可充分利用BIMChecker工具完善的审查功能提供审查服务,同时保留其在数据标准、流程管理、可视化等方面的原有特色,实现优势互补。本文为国内各省市在探索基于BIM的工程项目审查审批过程中,实现基于机器的智能规范审查提供了参考借鉴。     

BIM在绿色建筑评估体系的室内环境应用中的可行性研究

随着经济社会及城市化的快速发展,环境问题日益突出。为了实现能源的高效利用,最大限度地降低环境污染,在推出绿色建筑的同时,提出了认证绿色建筑的体系：绿色建筑评估体系。并随着科技的发展,BIM概念的出现,基于BIM的绿色建筑出现,特别是以各种软件为基础,进行能量分析、价格分析等,给绿色建筑的评估带来新的发展。本文介绍了国内外的绿色建筑评估体系和各类能量分析软件,并以此为基础,对BIM的可行性进行了研究。提出了针对室内环境的过程模型。