Usability,expectation, confirmation,and continuance intentions to use electronic textbooks

A trend in education is the use of electronic textbooks (e-textbook, [Stone, R. W., and L. Baker-Eveleth. 2013. “Students’ Expectation, Confirmation, and Continuance Intention to Use Electronic Textbooks.” Computers in Human Behavior 29 (3): 984–990.]). A variety of research has examined the motivations for e-textbook adoption as well as continuance intentions of e-textbooks after an initial adoption. This research extends the continuance intentions literature using the expectation–confirmation model ([Bhattacherjee, A. 2001. “Understanding Information Systems Continuance: An Expectation–Confirmation Model.” MIS Quarterly 25 (3): 351–370.]) and including the constructs of e-textbook usability and its dimensions. The data were responses to an online questionnaire by students at a medium-sized (USA) university. A total of 1434 responses were received for a 12.52% response rate. These responses were partitioned to include only complete responses from students who had previously used an e-textbook. This produced a sample of 639 questionnaire responses for empirical analysis. The analysis was performed using structural equation modelling (i.e. Procedure Calis in PC SAS version 9.2). The results showed that students' continuance intentions of e-textbooks are driven by students' satisfaction with e-textbooks and perceived usefulness. Additionally, students' expectation–confirmation and e-textbook usability positively influence both students' satisfaction and perceived usefulness and hence the intentions for continued e-textbook adoptions. Finally, the usability dimensions of efficiency and effectiveness significantly influence e-textbook usability.     

Mobile social commerce: The booster for brand loyalty?

In view of the deficiencies in current literature, this study seeks to examine if mobile social commerce continuance usage influences brand loyalty among customers, and assessed the inhibitor role of privacy concern in mobile social commerce usage intention. Privacy concern was measured by using concern for social media information privacy (CFSMIP). Therefore, this study proposes and empirically validated a model that combines CFSMIP, brand loyalty, and Expectation Confirmation Model, in the Asian context. The results suggested that users' CFSMIP does not inhibit them from the continuous usage of mobile social commerce, and influences their perceived usefulness on mobile social commerce positively. Moreover, all the paths in the baseline model of Expectation Confirmation Model have been reconfirmed in this study. Besides, users' continuance usage and satisfaction on mobile social commerce are proven to be boosters for brand loyalty. Relevant managerial implications are then discussed.     

Exploring academic teachers’ continuance toward the web-based learning system: The role of causal attributions

The Expectation Confirmation Model (ECM) is a popular model used to explain the continuance of information system usage. However, past studies have found that the ECM, based on extrinsic motivations (e.g. perceived usefulness, user satisfaction), has limitations insofar as people often have both intrinsic and extrinsic motivations simultaneously. This study used the belief of causal attributions to extend the ECM and verify it in a web-based learning system (WLS) context. Nine hypotheses were derived from the modified ECM. Empirical data were collected by a mail survey from faculty with experience of WLS in Taiwanese universities. The final sample used for further analysis comprised of 144 respondents. The results revealed that the modified ECM has greater power to explain the continued intention of WLS usage even if the effects of user satisfaction and perceived usefulness on continued intention are reduced.     

Factors influencing continuance intention to use social network sites: The Facebook case

Social networking sites (SNS) have become one of the most popular means of online social interaction. However, few studies have examined SNS from the context of post-adoption. This study focuses on continuance usage intention toward Facebook, a popular SNS, among university students in the United Arab Emirates. We have extended the expectation–confirmation model by investigating the influence of enjoyment and subjective norms as critical factors that directly influence continuance usage intention, and added habit as a mediator between satisfaction and continuance intention. We used structural equation modeling to validate the proposed model and hypotheses. We find that perceived usefulness, satisfaction, habit, enjoyment, and subjective norms explain 54.8% of the variance in continuance intention. Furthermore, our study shows that the effect of satisfaction on continuance intention is both direct and mediated by habit. Thus, practitioners should focus on all of these factors to encourage continuance usage intention in their site’s users.     

An empirical examination of users' post-adoption behaviour of mobile services

Extant research has focused on the initial adoption and usage of mobile services and paid little attention to the post-adoption and continuance usage. However, unless users continue using mobile services, service providers cannot achieve success. Drawing upon the expectation confirmation theory, this research develops a mobile post-adoption model. The post-adoption behaviour includes three variables: continuance intention, recommendation and complaint. We conducted data analysis with partial least squares. The results indicated that expectation confirmation, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and usage cost significantly affect users' satisfaction, further determining their post-adoption behaviour. In addition, perceived usefulness has a direct effect on the continuance intention.     

Understanding information systems continuance: The case of Internet-based learning technologies

Our research model expanded the Bhattacherjee's IS continuance model by adding a moderating effect (IS habit) to IS continuance intention and IS continued usage, postulating direct links between satisfaction and IS continued usage, as well as between prior behavior and IS continued usage. The model was tested with an Internet-based learning technology in a longitudinal setting. Data collected from 505 students were examined using partial least squares analysis. The results presented strong support for the theoretical links of IS continuance model, and for the new moderating effect. Both satisfaction and prior behavior were found to have significant impact on IS continuance. In addition, our findings confirmed the theoretical argument that the strength of intention to predict continuance was weakened by a high level of IS habit.     

Promoting online learners’ continuance intention: An integrated flow framework

Despite the rapid growth and significant benefits of online learning, retaining students in online courses remains a key challenge. This study empirically tests an integrated model that simultaneously examines factors influencing students’ attainment of flow experience in online learning and the impacts of flow on their online learning continuance intention. The results identified telepresence as the most significant factor influencing students’ flow experience in online learning. Perceived hedonic value played the most important mediating role transmitting the effects of flow on students’ continuance intention. The implications of the study for both research and practice are discussed.     

Identify predictors of university students’ continuance intention to use online carbon footprint calculator

An online carbon footprint calculator (CFC) is a Green Information System, which enables individuals to self-estimate carbon footprints, self-manage behaviour, and accordingly self-control carbon emissions. Individuals’ persistent CFC use may help to slow down global warming. Thus, it is vital to establish a model to investigate the motivational predictors of CFC continuance intention. We formulated a model by integrating Expectation-Confirmation Model (ECM) and Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), with the former measuring continuance intention and the latter measuring low-carbon behavioural intention. To validate the model and identify significant predictors, a survey was conducted on undergraduate students. The survey results revealed that ECM accounted for 50% of the variance in continuance intention, that TPB accounted for 35% in low-carbon behavioural intention, and that the integrated model accounted for 64% in CFC continuance intention. Plus, direct and significant predictors of CFC continuance intention included low-carbon attitude, low-carbon behavioural intention, low-carbon subjective norm, satisfaction, and usefulness. Findings, implications, and suggestions are accordingly offered.     

A longitudinal investigation of continued online shopping behavior: An extension of the theory of planned behavior

The purpose of this study is to propose an extended model of Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) by incorporating constructs drawn from the model of Expectation Disconfirmation Theory (EDT) and to examine the antecedents of users’ intention to continue using online shopping (continuance intention). Prior research has demonstrated that TPB constructs, including attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control, are important factors in determining the acceptance and use of various information technologies. These factors, however, are insufficient to explain a user's continuance intention in the online shopping context. In this study we extended TPB with two EDT constructs—disconfirmation and satisfaction—for studying users’ continuance intention in the online shopping context. By employing longitudinal method with two-stage survey, we empirically validated the proposed model and research hypotheses.     

Exploring continued online service usage behavior: The roles of self-image congruity and regret

The expectation–confirmation model (ECM) of continued information systems (IS) use has proven to be successful across online service contexts. Previous studies based on ECM have focused on a referent (i.e., comparison standard) that is centered on the target IS (i.e., target online service). The effect of this referent, captured through confirmation, has been strongly demonstrated. Yet, few studies have explored the saliency of two additional reference effects, captured through self-image congruity and regret, in online service continuance. To fill this knowledge gap, this paper attempts to develop a research model that extends the ECM perspective in view of the additional contributions of regret and self-image congruity on two post-adoption beliefs (perceived usefulness and perceived enjoyment) and continuance intention. For this extension, we synthesized the extant literature on continued IS use, self-image congruity, and regret. The model was empirically tested within the context of a social network service. Our analysis result shows that self-image congruity plays a key role in forming the two post-adoption beliefs. It is also found that the absolute effect of regret on continuance intention is larger than the effects of other antecedents identified in IS. Overall, this study preliminarily confirms the salience of self-image congruity and regret in online service continuance.     

Understanding continuance usage intention of mobile internet sites

Due to the high acquisition costs and low switching costs, retaining users and facilitating their continuance usage are crucial for mobile service providers. Integrating both perspectives of perceived utility and flow experience, this research identifies the factors affecting continuance usage intention of mobile internet sites. Data were collected through a survey, and data analysis was then conducted with structural equation modeling. The results indicated that system quality and information quality affect perceived usefulness, satisfaction and flow. And these three factors determine continuance usage intention. Among them, flow has the largest effect on continuance usage intention. The results imply that service providers need to improve users’ experience in order to facilitate their continuance usage of mobile internet sites.     

The Enriched UTAUT Model for the Acceptance of Software Engineering Tools in Academic Education

This article provides an enriched technology acceptance model explaining the impact of both classic and additional variables on software engineering tools acceptance within Information Systems Development courses. Two novel, domain-specific variables were identified (i.e., Professional Training Diffusion and Model Interchange). Statistical verification of the proposed model and study regarding the influence of the variables on students’ intention to use specific tools were conducted—providing users with enhanced means of selecting optimal software for real-life projects.     

Understanding Chinese users’ continuance intention toward online social networks: an integrative theoretical model

This study explores users’ continuance intention in online social networks by synthesizing Bhattacherjee’s IS continuance theory with flow theory, social capital theory, and the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) to consider the special hedonic, social and utilitarian factors in the online social network environment. The integrated model was empirically tested with 320 online social network users in China. The results indicated that continuance intention was explained substantially by all hypothesized antecedents including perceived enjoyment, perceived usefulness, usage satisfaction, effort expectancy, social influence, tie strength, shared norms and trust. Based on the research findings, we offer discussions of both theoretical and practical implications.     

Why do teachers continue to use teaching blogs? The roles of perceived voluntariness and habit

The importance of teaching blogs motivates schools to adopt them. The value realized from these teaching blogs depends on teachers' ongoing participation and contribution, but limited research explains why teachers continue to use teaching blogs after their initial adoption. To promote teachers' continued usage of teaching blogs, it is important to know the underlying reasons. This study extended Bhattacherjee's expectation–confirmation model by adding two moderating effects (perceived voluntariness and habit) on the intention–usage relationship. Longitudinal data were collected from a survey questionnaire completed by 195 Taiwanese senior and vocational school teachers. The partial least squares model was used to test the measurement and structural models. The results indicate that confirmation has a direct effect on perceived usefulness, while satisfaction is jointly determined by perceived usefulness and confirmation. The continuance intention of teaching blogs is jointly determined by satisfaction and perceived usefulness, with 34% variance explained. The continued usage of teaching blogs is jointly determined by perceived voluntariness and habit, with 42% variance explained. The results also show that a higher level of perceived voluntariness for teaching blogs increases the effect of continuance intention on continued usage. However, habit does not moderate the intention–usage relationship. The implications for theory and practice, as well as suggestions for future research, are also discussed.     

Incorporating trust-in-technology into Expectation Disconfirmation Theory

Continued use of strategic information systems is not always a given. This study proposes that users’ trust in the system may influence their satisfaction and continuance intention. While trust has been found to have strategic implications for understanding consumers’ technology usage, relatively little research has examined how trust’s influence operates over time. To gain insight into trust’s influence on strategic system usage over time and to explain how trust relates to satisfaction and continuance intention, we integrate trust-related constructs with the Complete Expectation Disconfirmation Theory (EDT) Model. Our results demonstrate that trust plays a central role in the EDT process and that the EDT process helps explain trust’s role more completely. The study shows that technology trusting expectations influence trusting intention through performance, disconfirmation, and satisfaction. We also show that technology trusting intention adds predictive power to EDT’s satisfaction construct as together they predict usage continuance intention. For research, our results provide a strong combined EDT and trust theory base for future studies that examine expectation management and system development projects. For practice, our study informs systems implementation strategies for technologies that have fewer human-like characteristics and more technology-like characteristics. Our findings underscore that managers need to adopt an EDT process-based view when seeking to build trust, satisfaction, and continuance intention in strategically important information systems.     

Determinants of students’ continuance intention to use blogs to learn: an empirical investigation

This study examines factors influencing students’ continuance intention to use blogs to learn in an undergraduate-level course. The research uses constructs from relevant theoretical frameworks, including the technology acceptance model, social cognitive theory, innovation diffusion theory, and expectation–confirmation model. A survey administered to 108 university students in a Canadian university was analysed using the partial least squares technique. The results show that perceived usefulness and perceived compatibility have positive effects on students’ attitudes towards blog use; perceived ease of use did not. Perceived compatibility, perceived self-efficacy, and perceived support for enhancing social ties with blogs have significant effects on the positive impacts of learning with such tools. Attitude and positive impacts of learning with blogs influence satisfaction with blog use. Both attitude and satisfaction are determinants of students’ continuance intention to use blogs to learn. Satisfaction with blog use is the main predictor of continued use intention.     

Examining the integrated influence of fairness and quality on learners' satisfaction and Web-based learning continuance intention

Abstract.  As with any other information system (IS), the success of Web-based learning depends largely on user satisfaction and other factors that eventually increase users' intentions to continue using the service (continuance intention). This research integrates the IS success model and fairness theory to construct a model for investigating the motivations behind learners' intentions to continue using Web-based learning. Our model theorizes that the three dimensions of quality (i.e. information, system and service) and the three dimensions of fairness (i.e. distributive, procedural and interactional) affect learners' satisfaction. We also argue that satisfaction and the three dimensions of fairness will influence learners' intention to continue using Web-based learning. The hypothesized model is validated empirically using data collected from 289 learners of a Web-based learning service. The results show that information quality, system quality, system use, distributive fairness and interactional fairness exhibit significant positive effects on satisfaction. Also, procedural fairness and satisfaction play significant roles in shaping learners' intention to continue using Web-based learning.     

Usability,quality, value and e-learning continuance decisions

Previous research suggests that an eventual information technology (IT) success depend on both its initial adoption (acceptance) and subsequent continued usage (continuance). Expectancy disconfirmation theory (EDT) has been successfully used to predict users’ intention to continue using information technologies. This study proposed a decomposed EDT model to examine cognitive beliefs and affect that influence users’ continuance decision in the context of e-learning service. The proposed model extended EDT by decomposing the perceived performance component into usability, quality, and value. Research hypotheses derived from this model are empirically validated using the responses to a survey on e-learning usage among 183 users. The results suggest that users’ continuance intention is determined by satisfaction, which in turn is jointly determined by perceived usability, perceived quality, perceived value, and usability disconfirmation.     

Usability, quality, value and e-learning continuance decisions

Previous research suggests that an eventual information technology (IT) success depend on both its initial adoption (acceptance) and subsequent continued usage (continuance). Expectancy disconfirmation theory (EDT) has been successfully used to predict users’ intention to continue using information technologies. This study proposed a decomposed EDT model to examine cognitive beliefs and affect that influence users’ continuance decision in the context of e-learning service. The proposed model extended EDT by decomposing the perceived performance component into usability, quality, and value. Research hypotheses derived from this model are empirically validated using the responses to a survey on e-learning usage among 183 users. The results suggest that users’ continuance intention is determined by satisfaction, which in turn is jointly determined by perceived usability, perceived quality, perceived value, and usability disconfirmation.     

Continuance acceptance of computer based assessment through the integration of user's expectations and perceptions

The Information Systems (IS) community has put considerable effort on identifying constructs that may explain the initial/continuance use of computer based learning or assessment systems. This study is a further step toward IS continuance acceptance delivered in Computer Based Assessment (CBA) context. Specifically, it aims at the exploration of continuance acceptance in CBA context and the development of a new approach for continuance use. This approach is applied by measuring user's expectations before the interaction with the system and user's perceptions after the interaction. The sign (±) and the intensity of the difference between pre and post measures is actually the strength that drives users to continuance intention to use. Through these measurements it is possible to estimate student's level of confirmation for each essential determinant of CBA continuance acceptance. Results underline Confirmed Ease of Use and Confirmed Playfulness as the direct determinants of continuance acceptance. Through Confirmed Playfulness important determinants, such as Confirmed Usefulness and Confirmed Content influence Continuance Behavioral Intention. Confirmed Facilitating Conditions and Confirmed Goal determine Confirmed Ease of Use and Confirmed Usefulness respectively. Important implications of these results are discussed.