“It’s Not Who You Know,but Who You Add:” An investigation into the differential impact of friend adding and self-disclosure on interpersonal perceptions on Facebook

This research seeks to understand how people perceive and respond to structural factors and different types of disclosure on Facebook when evaluating the profile of someone they have never met offline. Using a 2 × 3 × 2 between-subjects experimental design, this research explored the relationship between friend adding (add; no add), levels of self-disclosure (low, medium, high), and sex of the Facebook profile owner (male; female) on feelings of interpersonal liking, future behavioral intentions to interact, and homophily. Results indicated that friend adding and higher levels of self-disclosure led to greater feelings of interpersonal liking and homophily amongst both male and female participants. In addition, males tended to view other male profiles with moderate amounts of disclosure and female profiles with the highest amount of disclosure most favorably. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.     

“I don’t want to miss a thing”: Adolescents’ fear of missing out and its relationship to adolescents’ social needs,Facebook use,and Facebook related stress

This survey study among adolescents (N = 402) investigates an integrative model that examines (1) the mediating role of adolescents’ fear of missing out (FoMO) in the relationships of adolescents’ need to belong and need for popularity with adolescents’ Facebook use and (2) the relationships of adolescents’ FoMO with adolescents’ perceived stress related to the use of Facebook. Structural equation modeling results indicated that an increased need to belong and an increased need for popularity were associated with an increased use of Facebook. These relationships were mediated by FoMO. Increased FoMO was associated with increased stress related to Facebook use. These results emphasize the important role that FoMO plays in adolescents’ media use and well-being.     

Remarks on Colquhoun's: “ The Effect of ‘ unwanted ’ Signals on Performance in a Vigilance Task ”

Colquhoun's 1961 experiment is interpreted as emphasizing the discrimination phase of a complex task in which the detection of a signal is followed by the discrimination of one of its features. His conclusion that signal probability determines vigilance performance is supported by research from this laboratory with a simple detection task. In our research the probability is redefined as the ratio of signals to attention-eliciting stimuli, and the latter stimuli must be presented at high rates (15 or more times per minute). His results with the complex task suggest an effect of signal probability on search and scanning patterns during prolonged visual work.     

“What I’ve received doesn’t match what I saw online”: Effects of purchase-risk notices on reducing online returns

Many online returns are caused by mismatches between what consumers see online and what they actually receive. This paper discusses e-sellers’ use of purchase-risk notices (PRNs) for possible mismatches as a preemptive action to avoid returns. Two one-factor (purchase-risk notice: presence vs. absence) scenario experiments were conducted via two studies (Study 1 and Study 2). The pre-purchase effects and post-purchase effects of PRNs were examined in Study 1 and Study 2, respectively. One-way ANOVAs were used to test the hypotheses. It was found that returns can be avoided by using PRNs without negatively affecting consumers’ purchase intentions. Additionally, using PRNs can make consumers more tolerant of minor mismatches, attract more repurchases, and reduce consumers’ dissatisfaction and regret about purchase decisions.     

“Come on momma,let’s see the drummer”: movement-based interaction and the performance of personal style

Interaction forms are beginning to make more use of the way we move our bodies in the physical and social world. This paper aims to contribute to a new generation of personal computing by showing how the medium of everyday clothing and dress can bring valuable perspectives to the study of human embodiment and movement. The author refers to ideas from fashion theory and clothing design that can contribute to a richer understanding of the many influences that convene emotions of style and identity. In order to indicate the potential of personal style as a social medium with relevance to human computer interaction (HCI), some existing artefacts that entail interaction through movement are referenced, along with research outcomes from biomechanics, dance and performance. In conclusion design strategies are constructed for new movement-based interaction concepts that can have relevance to the changing meanings of identity in twenty-first century mass society.

Who puts the best “face” forward on Facebook?: Positive self-presentation in online social networking and the role of self-consciousness,actual-to-total Friends ratio,and culture

The present research investigated how individual, interpersonal, and cultural variables influence positive self-presentation in online social networking. In particular, we examined the role of self-consciousness, actual-to-total Friends ratio, and culture in positive self-presentation on Facebook. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with college-age participants in the United States (n = 183) and South Korea (n = 137). Results showed that self-consciousness (public vs. private) and actual-to-total Friends ratio were not significantly associated with positive self-presentation on Facebook; however, culture showed a statistically significant association with positive self-presentation on Facebook, with the U.S. participants engaging in positive self-presentation on Facebook to a greater extent than the South Korean participants. More interestingly, culture significantly moderated the relationship between public self-consciousness and positive self-presentation as well as the relationship between actual-to-total Friends ratio and positive self-presentation. Specifically, positive self-presentation showed a significant positive association with public self-consciousness and a significant negative association with actual-to-total Friends ratio only among the South Korean participants and not among the U.S. participants. Theoretical and practical implications for understanding cross-cultural differences in self-presentation behaviors on social network sites were discussed.     

“This is a sponsored blog post,but all opinions are my own”: The effects of sponsorship disclosure on responses to sponsored blog posts

Sponsored blog posts need to disclose sponsorship information, specifically whether the blogger received any compensation for the posts. While some bloggers simply include sponsorship information only (i.e., “simple” sponsorship disclosure), others add a note that the opinions in the post are honest although it is a sponsored post (i.e., “honest opinions” sponsorship disclosure). This study examines how emphasizing “honest opinions” in sponsored posts affect consumers' responses. This study found that, compared to the no disclosure (control) condition, source credibility perceptions and message attitudes became negative in the “simple” sponsorship condition. However, the negative effects of sponsorship disclosure on source credibility perceptions and message attitudes disappeared in the “honest opinions” condition. This trend was stronger among those who had high skepticism toward product review blog posts.     

“I would like to see the subtitles and the face or at least hear the voice”: Effects of picture ratio and audio–video bitrate ratio on perception of quality in mobile television

In new mobile video applications, the subjectively perceived visual and audiovisual qualities are critical factors in the wide audience adoption of mass products. The critical factors in mobile video coding are related to low bitrates, framerates and screen size of the devices. The first part of this study examined the effects of codecs, bitrates and picture ratio on the perceived visual video quality. In the second study, effects of two audio–video bitrate ratios are presented as factors in the perceived audiovisual video quality and the results are compared to the previous study that showed the content dependency in the audio–video bitrate ratio comparisons. In the results of the visual quality study, H.264 was rated as the most satisfying, but the quality was still not enough for text legibility and perceiving important details of image due to the QCIF picture ratio. The codec XviD was in generally experienced as worse than the H.264, but with the screen size SIF-SP with XviD codec was rated better with several contents. In the audiovisual study, the results also showed that in the low total bitrates the significance of audio is increased. However, the higher and lower bitrates had similar content dependent effects.     

On the history of Ludwig von Bertalanffy’s “General Systemology”, and on its relationship to cybernetics – part III: convergences and divergences

Bertalanffy’s so-called “general system theory” (GST) and cybernetics were and are often confused: this calls for clarification. In this article, Bertalanffy’s conceptions and ideas are compared with those developed in cybernetics in order to investigate the differences and convergences. Bertalanffy was concerned with first order cybernetics. Nonetheless, his perspectivist epistemology is also relevant with regard to developments in second order cybernetics, and the latter is therefore also considered to some extent. W. Ross Ashby’s important role as mediator between GST and cybernetics is analysed. The respective basic epistemological approaches, scientific approaches and inherent world views are discussed. We underline the complementarity of cybernetic and “organismic” trends in systems research within the unitary hermeneutical framework of “general systemology”.     

A technical note on ‘erratum to “Finding the most efficient DMUs in DEA: An improved integrated model” [Comput. Indus. Eng. 52 (2007) 71–77]’

You et al. (2013) indicated two errors in Amin and Toloo (2007). The first error was the infeasibility of Amin and Toloo’s (2007) model and the second drawback was the lack of a suitable value for the non-Archimedean epsilon in the proposed approach of Amin and Toloo (2007). This paper deals with the raised issues and proves that the model of Amin and Toloo (2007) is always feasible. In addition, we also formulate a new model for finding a suitable value for the epsilon.     

“<Emphasis Type="Italic">It’s like holding a human heart</Emphasis>”: the design of Vital + Morph,a shape-changing interface for remote monitoring

Based on the concept of data physicalization, we developed Vital + Morph, an interactive surface for remote connection and awareness of clinical data. It enables users located in remote places to monitor and feel the vital signs measured from a hospitalized person through shape-change. We propose shape-changing interfaces as a way of making data physicalization a richer, intriguing and memorable experience that communicates complex information and insights about data. To demonstrate and validate our proposed concept, we developed an exploratory study about the design and its implications. For evaluating the social impact of shape-changing interfaces in the context of remote monitoring, we presented Vital + Morph in several Media Art festivals. We collected and analyzed the feedback from the visitors during the exhibitions, and discussed the possibilities of the proposed system. A preliminary evaluation shows how shape-changing displays are perceived by users, which establishes not only the potential benefits but also highlights the concerns that several users have raised. Through this study, we aim to contribute to the design of remote monitoring systems by providing a novel approach for displaying clinical data that consider the richness of the physical world. In today’s information-driven society, we should not just focus on how abstract data are collected and analyzed, but also on how it can be presented and incorporated into our daily lives.     

On the history of Ludwig von Bertalanffy’s “general systemology”, and on its relationship to cybernetics - Part II: Contexts and developments of the systemological hermeneutics instigated by von Bertalanffy

The history of “general system theory” is investigated in order to clarify its meanings, vocations, foundations and achievements. It is characterized as the project of a science of the systemic interpretation of the “real”, renamed here “general systemology”. The contexts and modes of its elaboration, publication and implementation are discussed. The paper mostly focuses on the works of its instigator: Ludwig von Bertalanffy. However, general systemology was a collective project: the main contributions of other “systemologists”, from the 1950s until the 1970s, are hence also considered. Its solidarity with the history of the Society for General Systems Research is notably discussed. A reconstruction of the systemological hermeneutics is undertaken on this basis. It finds out the potential systematic unity underlying the diversity of the contributions to this both scientific and philosophical project. Light is thus shed on the actual scope of von Bertalanffy’s works.