Productivity and CO2 emission analysis for tower crane utilization on high-rise building projects

Cranes maintain a central role in construction projects, and tower cranes are one of the major equipment used in the construction of high-rise buildings. As the scale of construction projects increases, selecting a proper crane becomes more important for the successful completion of projects, especially in regards to taller buildings. To provide lift engineers with a planning tool, this paper presents a crane selection methodology for high-rise building construction projects based on crane productivity performance, carbon footprint impact and simulation process. The crane productivity analysis considers a tower crane with two jibs that operates using propellers mounted at the end of each jib to improve the performance of crane operations. This paper presents a methodology to quantify and assess the environmental footprint (CO₂ emissions) associated with the tower crane swing operation. A case study is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of crane productivity and CO₂ emission analysis for building construction projects.     

Tower cranes layout planning using agent-based simulation considering activity conflicts

The layout planning of tower cranes is a processes which defines the types, the quantities and the positions of tower cranes, has a significant impact on the overall productivity and cost effectiveness of construction projects. Previous research utilized either mathematical methods or visualization tools to find an optimal tower crane layout plan. However, such methods and tools are not adequate to evaluate the effect of conflict among tower cranes, in terms of time and cost calculations. Moreover, they do not assure the maximum efficiency of tower crane layout to fulfill the needs of crane-based executed activities. This paper presents an Agent Based Simulation (ABS) model to overcome the limitations of previous research. The proposed ABS model has the superiority of quantitatively assessing the effect of conflict on the overall time and costs of tower crane operations. It is capable of simulating tower cranes operations and interactions between different agents of the model. Furthermore, it calculates the time and the cost of tower crane's operation cycles, taking into account the potential conflicts among the working tower cranes. In addition, the proposed model is able to compare between several combinations of tower crane layouts to achieve the optimum solution that fulfills the requirements, with respect to the time or the cost. A case study has been provided to demonstrate the capabilities and contributions of the developed ABS model.     

基于价值工程的塔式起重机技术经济性研究

随着建筑装配率的进一步提高，现场施工对吊装作业提出了更高的要求，起重机的技术经济性研究显得尤为迫切。 以塔式起重机的吊装过程为研究对象，通过起重机布置范围计算、吊运过程分解等步骤，建立了塔式起重机选型及定位的计 算模型，并以吊装时间最短为优化目标，求解了不同类型塔式起重机的最优定位点，并基于价值工程原理计算了不同类型塔 式起重机的价值工程指数，对比了其技术经济性，为塔式起重机的选型提供决策支持。     

利通广场M600D内爬塔式起重机安装、爬升与拆除技术

利通广场主体结构采用钢斜撑框架+混凝土核心筒结构,高302.9m.结合本工程实际情况及通过方案比选,施工阶段采用2台M600D内爬动臂式塔式起重机.制定了塔式起重机安装、拆除方案及各项安全管理措施,阐述了内爬式塔式起重机的平面布置、型号选择、安装、爬升及拆除技术,保证了起重机安全运行、满足施工需要,有效保证了施工工期.     

Selection of mobile cranes for building construction projects

The complicated process of selecting cranes for construction projects can be divided roughly into two main phases: (1) a general decision on the type of crane, mobile or tower; and (2) selection of the particular model according to the required size and technical specification. Several determinants of this second phase of the selection process in a typical mobile crane culture were investigated through on-site interviews with representatives of major construction companies. Factors affecting mobile crane selection were identified, classified, and rated according to their degree of influence. The involvement in equipment planning and crane selection was characterized with regard to project stages and planning parties. The findings were analysed with a view to the changing participation level of each party throughout project life. The conclusions of the study portray a picture that is different from the common assumptions about mobile crane selection, with respect to both influencing factors and the process itself. The study underlines the weight of non-project-specific factors, and shows that equipment planning is not merely a one-time technical exercise executed by a planner, but rather a process carried out throughout project life by a joint effort of several parties.     

地下室结构内设置塔吊施工技术应用

建筑施工过程中,塔吊的设置需考虑多方面因素,尤其对建筑外观形式特殊及施工场地狭小的工程,往往需将塔吊设置在建筑结构内部.针对地下室结构内设置塔吊施工时,将遇到的位置选择、防水处理、拆除加固等问题,结合某高层住宅小区实例,对相应问题进行分析,解决在市中心对狭小施工空间集约使用的问题,对其他类似工程起到借鉴作用.     

Integrating 3D visualization and simulation for tower crane operations on construction sites

Most high-rise building construction projects rely on tower cranes to perform lifting and hoisting activities. In practice, tower cranes are managed based on demand, urgency, and prioritized work tasks that must be performed within a set period of time in the field. As a computer tool, simulation has proved to be effective in modeling complex construction operations and can be a substantial help in aiding practitioners in construction planning. However, the use of simulation has fallen far below its maximum potential due to a lack of appropriate support tools which would allow construction managers to use simulation tools for themselves. Special purpose simulation (SPS) and 3D visualization of simulated operations are two potential means that enable domain experts, who are knowledgeable in give domains, but not familiar with simulation, to easily model an operation within their domain and analyze the simulation results. This paper presents a practical methodology for integrating 3D visualization with SPS for tower crane operation. An integrated system was built in a 3D Studio MAX environment and tested in the construction of the new civil and environmental engineering building at the University of Alberta. This paper demonstrates that 3D visualization is helpful in the verification and validation of simulation results, and can effectively communicate the essence of a simulated operation, thus improving the accessibility of simulation as a decision making aid.     

QTZ250塔吊增加独立自由高度的研究

在建筑施工中常因施工现场狭小、施工现场外存在较高的已建建筑物或其它障碍物以及土方基坑开挖深度和群塔施工的影响,使塔吊独立自由高度常常不能满足要求.针对这种情况,以实际工程为例,对塔吊增加独立自由高度进行了详细分析和计算,并提出了相关建议,在类似情况下亦具有参考作用.     

大型公共建筑群塔安装与作业施工技术

国家会议中心工程具有结构复杂、建筑面积大、钢结构与混凝土结构相结合、钢结构单构件重量大、模板数量多、建筑高等特点,因此结构施工期间塔吊的布置与使用直接关系到工程的安全、质量、工期的实施。本工程结构施工期间共计采用塔吊11台,大多数塔臂相互交叉。为确保塔吊安全运行,施工中通过对群塔进行严格的高差控制、合理安排塔位顶升顺序,合理设计塔间距离,加强运行安全管理措施,确保了整个工程的施工。     

A computer-based model for optimizing the location of a single tower crane

The application of a quantitative approach to determine optimum crane position is highly desirable for construction site planning. This paper describes a stochastic (random number generation to simulate real-world event sequences) simulation model to optimize the location of a single tower crane. Readers will wish to know that this model has been expanded to deal with the location of multiple cranes.     

大型商业广场群塔安装与作业施工技术

沈阳恒隆广场工程具有结构复杂、建筑面积大、钢结构与混凝土结构相结合、钢结构单构件重量大、模板数量多、建筑高等特点,因此结构施工期间塔吊的布置与使用直接关系到工程的安全、质量、丁期的实施。本工程结构施工期间共计采用塔吊11台,大多数塔臂相互交叉。为确保塔吊安全运行,施工中通过对群塔进行严格的高差控制、合理安排塔位顶升顺序,合理设计塔间距离,加强运行安全管理措施,确保了整个工程的施工。     

基于塔吊基础施工及吊机群交叉作业安全系统化管理

为保证塔吊和履带吊施工现场作业安全、有序进行,避免安全的事故的发生,对施工现场4台TC7052塔吊和2台350 t履带吊建立安全系统化管理体系,针对塔吊的基础施工及吊机群交叉作业,从技术环境管理子系统和组织管理子系统进行全过程可控管理,并建立安全反馈评价体系,确保在工程建设过程中吊机群交叉作业的安全,为起重设备安全管理提供一定参考价值。     

IntelliCranes: an integrated crane type and model selection system

The importance of the utilization of cranes in construction operations has resulted in the development of structured methods for crane selection. Most of these methods are for crane model selection and require the user to stipulate the type of crane to be used for the construction operation under consideration. Availability of a structured method for crane type selection will greatly benefit the overall crane selection process. This paper describes a prototype integrated crane selection tool, called IntelliCranes, designed to assist in both crane type and crane model selection. The key feature of IntelliCranes is the systematic incorporation of subjective and qualitative criteria in crane type and model selection.     

A BIM-based approach for automated tower crane layout planning

Tower crane layout design and planning within construction site is a common construction technical issue, and is regarded as a complex combinatorial problem. Previous research focused on utilising either mathematical methods or visualisation tools to find an optimal tower crane layout plan. Both these two approaches require large amounts of manual data input by the layout planners, which is time-consuming and not very practical in industry. The purpose of this paper is to develop an integrated approach which combines Building Information Modelling (BIM) and Firefly Algorithm (FA) to automatically generate an optimal tower crane layout plan. Firstly, BIM is utilised to provide inputs for the mathematical model. Then the FA is used to determine the optimal locations of tower cranes and supply points. Finally, the optimal tower crane layout scheme will be visualised and evaluated through BIM-based simulation. A practical case is selected to demonstrate the proposed approach. The final result is promising and demonstrates the practical value of this approach.     

SPS16型塔式起重机防碰撞智能监控系统在深圳机场T3航站楼工程中的应用

阐述SPS16型塔式起重机防碰撞智能监控系统的工作原理,包含的系统部件和主要性能参数。并结合深圳机场航站区扩建工程T3航站楼工程的应用,具体讲述了塔式起重机的防碰撞系统功能,实时预警,单机运行状态监控,运行数据采集,实时动态监控等。SPS16型塔式起重机防碰撞智能监控系统的应用,有效预防了塔式起重机安全生产事故的发生,提高了工程施工效率。     

动臂式塔式起重机在超高层建筑中的应用

超高层钢结构塔式起重机的选择直接关系到施工现场资源配置、构件分段分节及焊接工作量等,进而影响整体施工进程。对超高层建筑动臂式塔式起重机施工经验进行研究及总结,重点介绍超高层建筑动臂式塔式起重机的选型、安装、爬升等施工技术,可供同类工程参考。     

塔吊施工重物坠落情景智能感知方法研究

目前施工现场的塔吊使用过程依赖于安全管理人员在现场进行安全监管，但仅依靠人进行施工全过程的安全管理难免会有疏漏。为进一步实现塔吊使用过程安全管理智能化，提出了一套基于计算机视觉和故障树分析的塔吊施工重物坠落危险情景智能感知方法。为验证该方法的有效性，考虑到上述情景在施工现场复现的危险性，在实验室环境下建立了塔吊使用过程中重物脱钩坠落伤人危险情景，利用提出的感知系统对情景进行了智能感知实验。结果表明，提出的智能感知方法能够对塔吊重物坠落情景进行准确的感知，自动感知频率为2次/秒，满足实时性要求。     

香港特区塔机市场及安全管理

自2008年金融海啸后,香港十大基建工程陆续上马,包括数个铁路项目、跨境基建、西九文化区和新发展区建设,以改善香港市民的居住环境和发展的持续性,特区政府逐年加大建筑工程投资额度,在抓紧落实十大基建工程项目的同时,积极推进中小基建项目。另外私人发展商推出的商品住宅和商用写字楼落成量也大幅度回升,香港的建筑业自2011年已进入了一个比较繁荣的高峰期。     

深圳赛格广场施工中塔吊的配置

介绍深圳赛格广场高层钢结构施工中 ,塔吊的选择、布置、安装、爬升、拆除等项内容。由于 2台塔吊均安装在核心筒以外的钢框架上 ,其做法独特     

迪拜天阁项目群塔施工技术分析及应用研究

群塔施工是大型工程建设项目中的常见课题,合理选择及布置塔式起重机,妥善处理交叉作业关系将直接影响工程进度和群塔作业安全,进而影响项目成本和效益。结合迪拜天阁高层建筑群项目12台塔式起重机集中作业的特点,分析了群塔施工技术要点及注意事项,重点介绍了群塔施工情况下的防撞措施,并针对群塔作业影响因素总结了群塔施工的组织要求和安全措施。