铅阳极泥H2SO4 NaCl选择性浸出研究

采用选择性脱铜—H2SO4+NaCl选择性浸锑、铋—硝酸脱铅—火法熔炼回收贵金属工艺综合回收铅阳极泥中的有价金属。重点介绍了该工艺中H2SO4+NaCl选择性浸锑、铋试验研究。确定了最佳浸出条件:初始硫酸浓度2.5～3 mol/L,NaCl浓度为75～100 g/L,浸出温度80℃,液固比L/S=8/1(mL/g),浸出时间2 h;在该条件下锑、铋、铜的平均浸出率均大于99%,铅的平均浸出率仅1.68%,金银不被浸出,锑、铋、铜得以有效选择性浸出,铅、金、银在渣中得到了有效富集,为后续工艺中硝酸脱铅和贵金属火法综合回收工艺创造了有利条件,解决了传统铅阳极泥湿法综合回收出现的金属分离不彻底,贵金属直收率不高等问题。     

湖北随州淮河-小林地区土壤地球化学特征

本通过对淮河-小林地区10818个土壤地球化学数据的处理,获得了Au、Ag、Pb、Au、Mo、Bi异常图及不同元素间的比值图。金、银、铅、汞为成矿元素组合。Au异常主要受岩浆岩和北东向断裂控制;Ag异常主要受南北向断裂带控制,且分布于研究区东部。地球化学特征表明,擂鼓台-叶家小湾一带具有良好的银矿、金矿找矿前景。     

脆硫铅锑矿无污染冶炼工艺研究

对脆硫铅锑矿精矿的熔炼过程进行了实验研究。炉料配方(质量比)为精矿∶纯碱∶煤粉＝100∶50∶10; 温度为980 ℃, 时间为60 min时, 各主要金属直收率(%)分别为: Pb 92.29、Sb 79.82、Ag 84.94, 金属入渣率(%)分别为: Pb 5.00、Sb 3.21、Ag 8.97、In 69.76、Zn 95.28、Cu 78.00、Fe 87.74, 熔炼渣中硫化钠品位为52%, 渣率为62.4%。在熔炼时原料中的硫元素全部以硫化钠的形式被固定在熔炼渣中, 铅锑主金属及贵金属(金、银等)进入金属相, 锌、铟等伴生金属元素进入渣相。     

新疆北山地区东盐池一带地层、岩体含矿性地球化学评价

为评价北山成矿带东盐池地区地层及岩体的成矿潜力,以地层和岩体中的岩石化学元素光谱分析数据为基础,开展了比较系统的地球化学分析,从成矿元素富集系数(K)、后期叠加强度(D)和成矿元素变异系数(CV)等方面分析其含矿性。成矿元素富集系数(K)分析表明:该区域Pb、Au、Ag、Co、W、Bi、P、V等元素存在明显的富集,成矿潜力巨大;成矿元素后期叠加强度(D)分析表明:该区Pb、W、Au存在较为强烈的叠加;成矿元素变异系数(CV)分析表明:东盐池一带各时代地层及侵入岩中Pb、W、Au、Co、Bi、Zn等存在较强的变异程度。对该区地层和岩体成矿能力综合评价认为,东盐池地区最优势矿种为Pb、Au、W、Ag、P、V,长城系古硐井岩群是Pb的主要赋矿层位;寒武系双鹰山组和西双鹰山组是P、V的主要赋矿层位;寒武系、中元古代地层以及中寒武世和晚石炭世侵入岩是W、Au、Ag等元素的主要含矿地质单元。     

平泉县洼子店金矿区碾子沟矿段矿床地质特征

本文通过分析平泉县洼子店金矿区碾子沟矿段的成矿地质条件,认为Cu、Pb、Zn、Au、Ag矿化与围岩关联不明显,而与构造有密切关系,岩体内异常组合Mo、Bi、W、Mn、Hg、Au、Cu、Ag主成矿元素与Au、Cu相关性较高,激电异常峰值较明显的点异常由埋藏较浅的隐伏矿体所引起。矿化特征主要为细脉浸染状金(铜)矿化、接触带上金(银)矿化、斑岩中的浸染状金矿化以及地表风化残积型金矿化;矿体似层状,稳定;以黄铁矿为主,呈具自形-半自形-它形粒状结构、交代结构、填隙结构、碎裂结构等结构,以浸染状构造为主,有益、有害元素含量均微少。经历了早期磁铁矿-钛铁矿阶段,热液活动的黄铁矿阶段,形成以黄铜矿-方铅矿-闪锌矿为主,伴生少量辉铜矿、砷黝铜矿为主的硫化物阶段,之后形成细脉状、浸染状硫化物矿石,在压扭性构造活动期下,构造热液使岩石发生蚀变并伴有金矿形成。     

Detailed characterisation of antimony mineralogy in a geometallurgical context at the Rockliden ore deposit,North-Central Sweden

The antimony (Sb) content of the Rockliden complex Zn–Cu massive sulphide ore lowers the quality of the Cu–Pb concentrate. The purpose of this study is to characterise the Sb mineralogy of the deposit. The Sb-bearing minerals include tetrahedrite (Cu,Fe,Ag,Zn)₁₂Sb₄S₁₃, bournonite PbCuSbS₃, gudmundite FeSbS and other sulphosalts. On a microscopic scale these minerals are complexly intergrown with base-metal sulphides in the ore. Based on these observations mineralogical controls on the distribution of Sb-bearing minerals in a standard flotation test are illustrated. Deposit-scale and rock-related variation in the Sb-content and distribution of Sb-bearing minerals were found. This underlines the importance in understanding the geological background as a basis of a 3D geometallurgical model for Rockliden. Such a model is expected to predict the Sb content of the Cu–Pb concentrate, among other process-relevant factors, and helps to forecast when the Cu–Pb concentrate has to be treated by alternative processes, such as alkaline sulphide leaching, before it is sold to the smelter.     

土壤地球化学测量在南东庄地区金矿勘查中的应用

针对南东庄地区属于低缓丘陵地带、第四系覆盖严重、厚度较大等问题,提出用土壤地球化学测量进行金矿勘查工作。通过对测区的Au、Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn、W、Mo、Bi、As、Sb、Hg、Sn等12种元素测试结果的分析和数据处理,共圈定单元素异常231处。对AP3异常和AP6异常两个典型异常进行了分析解译和工程验证,显示出土壤地球化学测量在南东庄地区具有良好的找矿效果。     

Pyrometallurgical upgrading of PGM-rich leach residues from the Western Platinum base metals refinery through roasting

The production of Platinum Group Metals (PGMs) normally entails the smelting of PGM flotation concentrates, converting of the furnace matte and removal of the bulk of the Ni, Cu, Co, S and Fe through atmospheric and pressure leaching in a base metals refinery to produce a PGM-rich concentrate. A number of impurities, mostly Se, Te, As, Bi, Os and Pb, are not removed significantly during the oxidising leach process in sulphuric acid media. In addition slag inclusions in matte leads to contamination of the PGM residues with silica, fayalite, magnetite and trevorite phases. Furthermore some Cu, Ni, Fe and S also remain. For this reason a typical Precious Metal Refinery (PMR) feed material contains less than 65% PGMs. The PMR is based on a chloride process and requires contaminants to be within narrow specification limits to prevent the formation of PGM residues that must be reprocessed or tolled, leading to poor first pass metal efficiencies and extending the duration of the production pipeline for efficient recovery.A process has been developed to significantly upgrade the BMR leach residues through pyrometallurgical processing, which include a multistep process of roasting under oxidising atmospheres, a two-step smelting process of the roasted calcine (with engineered slag chemistry and slag-refractory interactions) and subsequent atomisation of the molten alloy which can be fed as a slurry into the HCl/Cl₂ dissolution reactors in the precious metals refinery. These pyrometallurgical steps upgrade the BMR residue from a 45–50% grade up to an alloy grade of ca. 90% PGMs, whilst removing the most deleterious elements with major process impacts on the PMR.This paper will focus primarily on the roasting step and it will investigate the thermochemical and mineralogical changes occurring during roasting. These changes were evaluated through a combination of thermochemical modelling and experimental investigation. The roasting step needs to be in an oxidative environment in order to achieve the vapourisation of Se, Te, As, Os and S. The speciation of PGMs and their vapourisation behaviour are presented, as well as the sensitivity of precious metals deportment to changes in roast conditions.     

A Geotechnical Solution to Reduce Acid Mine Drainage Generation at Recreio Mine

Coal mining is frequently associated with acid mine drainage (AMD) generated by tailings and waste dumps containing sulphide minerals. A practical and economical alternative to minimise AMD generation is to avoid the contact between water and waste dumps using a compacted soil cover. This study evaluates the use of distinct raw materials as cover layers. The study area was an open pit coal mine in the south of Brazil. Geotechnical characterization, physical, chemical and mineralogical analyses were carried out on two different soils from this mine. Hydraulic conductivity tests were performed using Flexible-Wall Permeameter. The results obtained from the hydraulic conductivity tests for two compacted soils suggest their applicability as impermeable layers. Considering the operational aspects at the mine and the characteristics determined for the soils a new construction scheme for the dump site was suggested.     

因子分析在冀东峪耳崖金矿地球化学找矿中的应用

峪耳崖金矿位于华北板块北缘,矿区基底地层为太古界迁西群麻粒岩相和角闪岩相,矿体受NNE—NE向断裂构造控制,赋矿围岩为花岗岩。在矿床地质特征基础上,利用矿区土壤地球化学数据,采取传统统计法和累计频率法圈定了金矿12个元素的异常范围;运用因子分析方法划分出了Sb Hg Pb As元素组合、Au Ag Bi元素组合、Zn Cu Sn元素组合和W Mo元素组合;再对因子得分进行趋势面分析,较为有效地突出了深层次的找矿信息,更准确地圈出成矿靶区。结合研究区地质特征认为Au Ag Bi元素组合和Sb Hg Pb As元素组合为研究区最佳地球化学标志元素组合,下一步地质工作重点应放在矿区中矿带矿体深部及其南部异常高值区,同时布置少量工程在北矿带,以追索与唐杖子金矿之间的联系。     

某多金属共生钼矿石的综合利用

研究了某钼、铋、金、银、铜、锌等多金属共生矿石的工艺矿物学特征。根据矿石性质,试验采用常规浮选—化学选矿的工艺流程,成功地实现了矿石中有用组份的合理回收利用。     

硫化镍矿废石和尾矿中重金属排放特征与防治对策

硫化镍矿由于镍品位低、提取工艺复杂,形成大量的废石和尾矿。废石目前普遍在废石场堆存,尾矿粒度较细,一般排入尾矿库。废石和尾矿中含有的重金属元素,在堆放过程中由于淋滤作用,不仅可能污染地表水,而且可以通过水力联系发生污染转移。选取我国典型硫化镍矿采选企业有代表性的废石和尾矿样品进行重金属组分分析和浸出毒性实验分析,目标重金属包括五种毒性较高的重金属镉、铬、铅、砷、汞及矿石主金属镍、钴、铜,确定每种重金属的污染负荷率,分析得出废石和尾矿中重点防控的重金属为砷、镉、铬,主金属镍和铜也应重点防控。针对现有企业废石和尾矿处置过程中存在的问题,提出有针对性的防治措施,可为镍采选企业废石和尾矿的重金属污染监管提供依据。     

Evaluating waste rock mineralogy and microtexture during kinetic testing for improved acid rock drainage prediction

This study integrates detailed mineralogical and microtextural analyses of waste rock with the results of standard kinetic test procedures to identify the mineralogical changes that influence leachate chemistry over time. The integration of mineralogy and texture provides the opportunity for improved mine waste management strategies and acid rock drainage (ARD) prediction.Waste rock material from an abandoned gold mine in northern Queensland, Australia, was subjected to column leach kinetic testing over a 30 week period. The column feed comprised of a range of waste rock lithologies (porphyritic rhyolite, massive arsenopyrite, massive pyrite ± galena, and semi-massive polysulphide). In total, 12 individual columns were established to represent six lithologies prepared to two different size fractions (−10 mm and −4 mm). The mineralogy and microtextural characteristics of the column feed material was defined using quantitative X-ray diffractometry (QXRD), scanning electron microscopy and laser ablation (LA-ICPMS) at the start of kinetic tests, and at 5 week intervals during the length of the tests. These data were directly correlated with leachate chemistry (i.e., pH, SO₄ and select elements).Results of this study indicated that sulphide oxidation was strongly influenced by the morphology of sulphide minerals, their trace element contents, the presence of mineral micro-inclusions and galvanic interactions with other sulphide minerals. Waste rock with abundant arsenopyrite was consistently the most acid forming, and oxidised to scorodite (enriched in Zn, Pb and Cu). Pyrite was commonly As-rich as indicated by LA-ICPMS mapping. QXRD results indicated that the abundance of rhomboclase, jarosite, alunite and hydrous ferric oxides increased over time. Galena weathered rapidly to porous anglesite, particularly when in direct physical contact with pyrite. Sphalerite contents decreased consistently over the 30 weeks implying its oxidation, however few reaction products were directly observed. By week 30, the −4 mm fraction material generated lower pH leachate, higher mass release of elements and sulphate for the majority of samples. This indicates that the particle size used in kinetic tests can exert a significant control on leachate chemistry, especially in the absence of abundant neutralising minerals. This contribution demonstrates the value of integrating mineralogy and microtextural analyses during kinetic testwork to improve the interpretation of sulphide oxidation for better prediction of ARD.     

山西洞沟金多金属矿地球化学特征及找矿预测

通过在山西洞沟多金属矿区开展1∶10 000土壤地球化学测量工作,首先对测量数据的统计特征进行分析;然后利用Spss软件对其进行相关分析、聚类分析和因子分析,在此基础上确定出工作区内的元素异常组合;最后利用Spss软件作出各元素的盒须图,求出其第1个四分位数和第3个四分位数,从而确定出各元素的异常下限。结果表明：①Au、Ag、Hg、As、Sb、Bi、Ba、Pb、Zn、W等元素含量较高,变异系数较大,具有一定的次生富集倾向;②Ag、Pb、Zn、Mo、Au、Hg、Ba、W等元素代表主要成矿元素的次生富集组合;③通过确定异常下限及圈定各元素异常可知,异常较高的元素均分布在矿区的中部或东部且在构造破碎带内。上述研究结果对于区内进一步开展找矿工作具有一定的指导作用。     

铜冶炼废镁砖尾渣浮选试验研究

某铜冶炼转炉大修拆除的废镁砖经重选回收铜、金、银、铅等有价金属后, 对其尾渣进行了浮选回收有价金属的试验研究。通过优化磨矿细度、浮选矿浆浓度、药剂制度等, 获得了含铜26.96%、含银2 158.0 g/t 、含金6.80 g/t、含铅4.98%的铜精矿, 铜、金、银、铅回收率分别为89.97%、82.12%、89.75%和86.07%, 各种有价金属得到了全面高效地回收, 达到了综合回收的目的。     

氯化焙烧回收河南某黄金冶炼渣中的有价金属

黄金冶炼渣中含有大量的Au、Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn等有价金属,对其进行回收利用不仅可以减轻由尾渣堆存造成的环境污染,还能创造经济效益。为给河南某黄金冶炼渣中有价金属的回收利用提供依据,对该渣进行了高温氯化焙烧工艺优化试验。结果表明：冶炼渣在CaCl2加入量为7%、焙烧温度为1 100 ℃、焙烧时间为60 min条件下进行氯化焙烧,可以获得Au、Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn挥发率分别为96.01%、81.69%、86.57%、99.67%、99.07%的指标,实现了有价金属的综合回收。     

从冰铜渣中综合回收有价金属的研究

冰铜渣是一种以硫化物为主的高铁高硫物料.由于其组成复杂,有价金属含量低,难以处理.本文针对这种冰铜渣探索了综合回收其中有价金属的各种方法.结果表明,盐酸浸出法简单、易行,并且合理地利用了原料中的铁,一次浸出银、铋的浸出率达到了95%以上.     

全湿法回收银铋渣中有价金属的试验研究

针对火法和氯化法处理银铋渣的弊端，提出了全湿法处理银铋渣的新工艺。按照试验所确定的最佳条件，用稀硫酸浸锌、用硝酸浸其它金属，结合食盐沉银、中和水解沉铋、含铜ZnS04溶液的锌粉置换除杂和蒸发结晶等从浸出液中提取金属的手段，有效实现了Au、Ag、Bi、Zn、Cu等有价金属的分离回收，可获得金渣、银粉、次硝酸铋、工业硫酸锌和海绵铜产品，Au、Ag、Bi、zn、cu的直收率分别达到99．64％、98．23％、97．76％、96．37％和95．83％。全湿法新工艺工艺简单，加工成本低廉，适于中小型工业化生产。     

An Investigation on Reusing Process Water in Gold Cyanidation

Water is used extensively in gold processing. The reuse of water is encouraged both to conserve water and to minimize the discharge of contaminated wastewater into surface streams. However, the use of recycled process water can negatively affect gold and silver recovery. In the present laboratory study, we compared Au, Ag, and Hg recoveries when leaching with fresh water, original process water, and process water that had been either neutralized or treated with activated carbon to remove the dissolved metals. Recovery of Au and Ag were 93 and 71.7% in leaching with fresh water, and 91 and 66.2% in leaching with process water that been treated with activated carbon for 1 h. Cyanide consumption was substantially reduced when process water was used, indicating that using process water is feasible.     

废旧电路板中有价金属回收试验研究

提出了一种以FeO-SiO₂-Al₂O₃-CaO渣体系为基础的废旧电路板还原熔炼工艺,从减少渣中金属损失及控制性能角度,对渣成分及结构进行调控,研究了熔剂添加量、熔炼时间、熔炼温度、炉渣组成成分对金属回收率的影响。结果表明,在熔剂添加量为原料质量30%、熔炼温度1 450 ℃、熔炼时间75 min、FeO/SiO₂比为1、渣中CaO含量8%条件下,废旧电路板中Cu、Sn回收率分别为91.98%、86.30%,贵金属Au、Ag、Pt在合金相中含量分别可达67.41 g/t、1 020.74 g/t、54.75 g/t。以该渣系为基础还原熔炼废旧电路板的工艺是可行的。