柴油机共轨压力模糊自适应PID控制研究

柴油机高压共轨燃油系统中,共轨压力决定了燃油喷射压力,共轨压力随不同工况的调节能力及其压力的稳定性从根本上影响着系统性能。针对共轨压力控制,设计了模糊PID控制器,增加了积分分离与轨压预控制技术,给出了共轨压力的控制策略和实现方法。通过对PID参数的在线自适应整定,实现了在不同柴油机工况下对不同共轨压力变化的最佳控制。台架实验结果表明,共轨压力随柴油机转速与单次喷油量的增加应相应提高;当柴油机转速较高时,PID控制器应采用较大的控制参数;轨压预控制可有效地减少轨压波动和缩短轨压稳定时间;提出的控制策略和实现方法可把轨压控制偏差稳定在1.7%以下。     

缸内直喷汽油机的自抗扰轨压跟踪控制器设计

获得期望的共轨压力是保证缸内直喷发动机(GDI)稳定工作和喷油量精确控制的一个重要前提. 本文针对缸内直喷汽油发动机轨压控制问题, 首先通过动力学分析建立了共轨燃油喷射系统的数学模型; 由于系统中存在有较强的非线性和不确定性, 采用基于模型但对模型的精确形式依赖较小的自抗扰控制技术设计轨压跟踪控制器,其中线性扩张状态观测器(ESO) 对系统存在的总扰动和不确定性进行了估计, 非线性误差反馈控制(NLSEF) 则采用反馈补偿实现扰动的抑制. 最后, 通过给定不同的参考轨压对控制器的有效性进行验证, 仿真结果表明控制性能是满意的.     

Terminal sliding mode control of rail pressure for gasoline direct injection engines

The desired fuel rail pressure is a crucial factor for guaranteeing the gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine to work stably. In order to solve the rail pressure control problem, the detailed nonlinear model of GDI is derived and reasonable simplification of this model is carried out for the following controller design. Terminal sliding mode control strategy is proposed to design the rail pressure controller with Lyapunov stability. The designed approach with the fast terminal sliding mode surface makes the system have the capacity of global fast convergence and achieves precise tracking control. To demonstrate the validity of the designed control method, simulations are conducted by tracking the different reference rail pressures. Results show that the designed controller tracks the given reference accurately and has strong robustness.     

Rail pressure controller design of GDI basing on predictive functional control

Gasoline direct injection (GDI) is a pivotal technique for a highly efficient engine. However, how to maintain a stable rail pressure which offers good fuel economy and low emissions, is still a challengeable work. In this paper, a rail pressure controller is designed basing on predictive functional control (PFC), a model predictive control (MPC) method, to surmount the nonlinearity and discontinuity brought by the common rail pressure system (CRPS). A control-oriented piecewise linear model is presented to simplify the CRPS. The simulation results on a benchmark show that rail pressure tracks the setpoint accurately even with some perturbations. Profiting from the conciseness of PFC algorithm, the controller can compute the online solution in a short time, which makes it possible to realize the strategy on a fast response system.     

蓄压式共轨燃油喷射系统的计算机仿真

该文介绍了共轨燃油喷射系统仿真模型和喷油过程的计算机仿真。在共轨燃油喷射系统中，燃油是由一个高压蓄压轨分配到各个喷油器中去的，而蓄压轨是由一个高压泵来填充的。高压蓄压轨中的压力、各个缸喷油的开始和结束都是电控的。基于共轨燃油喷射系统工作原理，该文主要涉及高压泵、调压阀、限流阀和喷油器的建模、整个系统回路的液力特性分析，最后实现共轨燃油喷射系统功能和过程的计算机仿真。仿真方法和仿真结果对燃油喷射系统的研究和开发提供了一个有效的工具。     

Control of the common rail pressure in gasoline engines through an extended state observer based MPC

In this paper, a model predictive control (MPC) solution, assisted by extended state observer (ESO), is proposed for the common rail pressure control in gasoline engines. The rail pressure dynamic, nonlinear with large uncertainty, is modeled as a simple first order system. The discrepancy of the model from the real plant is lumped as ``total disturbance'', to be estimated in real-time by ESO and then mitigated in the nonlinear MPC, assuming the total disturbance does not change in the prediction horizon. The nonlinear MPC problem is solved using the Newton/generalized minimum residual (GMRES) algorithm. The proposed ESO-MPC solution, is compared with the conventional proportional-integral-differential (PID) controller, based on the high-fidelity model provided in the benchmark problem in IFAC-E-CoSM. Results show the following benefits from using ESO-MPC relative to PID (benchmark): 1) the disturbance rejection capability to fuel inject pulse step is improved by 12% in terms of recovery time; 2) the transient response of rail pressure is improved by 5% in terms of the integrated absolute tracking error; and 3) the robustness is improved without need for gain scheduling, which is required in PID. Additionally, increasing the bandwidth of ESO allows reducing the complexity of the model implemented in MPC, while maintaining the disturbance rejection performance at the cost of high noise-sensitivity. Therefore, the ESO-MPC combination offers a simpler and more practical solution for common rail pressure control, relative to the standard MPC, which is consistent with the findings in simulation.     

国内外柴油机电控喷油技术的发展现状及前景

本文首先阐述柴油机电控喷油技术国内外发展的背景和现状,接着介绍柴油机电控喷油系统的基本组成和控制原理,简要介绍了其分类。根据柴油机电控系统的组成和控制原理以及国内外现状,针对国内外现有柴油机电控技术存在的几个问题,探讨将来柴油机电控技术的发展方向和前景。并综合得出未来最具前景的系统为电控高压共轨式喷油系统。     

A model-based gain scheduling approach for controlling the common-rail system for GDI engines

The progressive reduction in vehicle emission requirements have forced the automotive industry to invest in research for developing alternative and more efficient control strategies. All control features and resources are permanently active in an electronic control unit (ECU), ensuring the best performance with respect to emissions, fuel economy, driveability and diagnostics, independently from engine working point. In this article, a considerable step forward has been achieved by the common-rail technology which has made possible to vary the injection pressure over the entire engine speed range. As a consequence, the injection of a fixed amount of fuel is more precise and multiple injections in a combustion cycle can be made. In this article, a novel gain scheduling pressure controller for gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine is designed to stabilise the mean fuel pressure into the rail and to track demanded pressure trajectories. By exploiting a simple control-oriented model describing the mean pressure dynamics in the rail, the control structure turns to be simple enough to be effectively implemented in commercial ECUs. Experimental results in a wide range of operating points confirm the effectiveness of the proposed control method to tame efficiently the mean value pressure dynamics of the plant showing a good accuracy and robustness with respect to unavoidable parameters uncertainties, unmodelled dynamics, and hidden coupling terms.     

Separated design of robust model predictive control for LPV systems with periodic disturbance

To eliminate the steady-state error of systems with periodic disturbance, the repetitive control (RC) is a useful approach. For practical applications, the controller is designed to both steer system output to a given set-point (or track a given reference signal) and reject periodic disturbance. The learning procedure of RC and the control action to steer system output to a set-point may influence each other and prolong the convergence time RC. In order to reduce this interaction, this paper proposes a separated design approach. A linear parameter varying (LPV) system is considered. A repetitive predictive control (RPC) and a robust model predictive control (RMPC) are separately designed, respectively, corresponding to reject the periodic disturbance and steer system output to the set-point. The convergence of the proposed RPC sub-controller is derived. The numerical examples show that the proposed design is effective.     

大规模集群中一种自适应可扩展的RPC超时机制

在基于RPC(remote produce call)构建的分布式系统中,超时是一种通用的失效检测手段.在超大规模Lustre存储集群的压力测试中,发现传统的固定超时机制会导致很多不必要的超时而存在缺陷.提出了一种综合考虑了网络条件、服务器负载、扩展性和性能等因素的自适应可扩展的RPC超时机制(Adaptive Scalable RPC Timeout mechanism,简称AST).在其控制下,客户端超时值可以根据网络和服务器的拥塞情况动态地调整设置,而且服务器可以通过额外消息传递通知客户端修改原超时值.经过一系列的模拟和验证,其结果表明,AST是一种更适合的RPC失效检测模型,增强了系统的响应性、可靠性和稳定性,而且对系统的性能没有过大的负面影响.     

RPCI：面向互联网的RPC框架

RPC是互联网后端分布式系统的核心组件,能够降低互联网应用开发、运维成本,提高可用性和可扩展性,但是目前流行的RPC框架不能完全满足互联网应用需求。分析了互联网应用环境下RPC系统的需求,并针对需求提出了面向互联网的RPC系统RPCI。RPCI采用三层架构,将长连接服务器独立出来,以支持无状态应用服务器设计和灵活的请求路由策略,使得系统扩容、升级、运维更加容易。基于thrift实现了RPCI,优化了性能,实验结果表明,RPCI性能优秀,相比常用开源软件thrift性能提升50％以上。     

Robust Backstepping Sliding Mode Controller Investigation for a Port Plate Position Servo System Based on an Extended States Observer

For reducing throttling loss in a pilot oil pipe in a hydraulic system based on common pressure rail, this paper proposes a solution that increases efficiency by reducing the relieving pressure. In order to compensate for the resulting control performance degradation, the paper takes a valve controlled swing motor system under low pressure as the research aim. Considering the uncertainty of external disturbance and flow parameters, the mathematical model of the system is established, using an extended state observer to estimate the external disturbances in real time to increase the compensation value and state feedback for the robust backstepping sliding mode controller. Finally, the simulation results confirm the control algorithm proposed is effective for keeping control performance in decreasing pressure conditions.     

Hybrid modelling and control of the common rail injection system

We present an industrial case study in automotive control of significant complexity: the new common-rail fuel-injection system for Diesel engines under development at Magneti Marelli Powertrain. In this system, an inlet metering valve, inserted before the high pressure (HP) pump, regulates the fuel flow that supplies the common rail according to the engine operating point (e.g., engine speed and desired torque). The standard approach in automotive control based on a mean-value model for the plant does not provide a satisfactory solution as the discrete-continuous interactions in the fuel injection system, due to the slow time-varying frequency of the HP pump cycles and the fast sampling frequency of sensing and actuation, play a fundamental role. We present a design approach based on a hybrid model of the Magneti Marelli Powertrain common-rail fuel-injection system for four-cylinder multi-jet engines and a hybrid approach to the design of a rail pressure controller. The hybrid controller performs significantly better when compared with the classical mean-value based approach.     

Anomaly detection and resilient control of networked control system with multi-hop routing

With the wide application of networked control systems, how to deal with data injection attacks and maintain the stability of control systems including wireless multi-hop networks is a problem that the researchers and technological workers must consider and solve. Based on the construction of a control system including wireless multi-hop networks, the data transmission mode between routing nodes and the stability condition of the control system are given. Considering the existence of data injection attacks to routing nodes, a real-time detection method for anomaly behaviours is presented on the basis of chi-square goodness-of-fit test. In the case of data injection actions taking place, a strategy of switching paths in turn is used to execute the control task. The strategy is satisfied with the resilient stability of the control system. The simulation results show that the detection method can detect the data injection actions in real time, and the control strategy can restore control variables to proper values when the data injection actions exist. These methods have certain application prospects and popularisation values.     

轨道交通车辆空调系统智能控制技术研究

针对智能轨道交通空调系统智能控制需求,采用变频空调机组技术,集制冷、制热、新风、废排、空气净化、除湿、被动式压力控制保护为一体,设计研发了轨道交通空调系统智能控制技术并应用;结果表明,通过调节压缩机运行频率可实现车内温度的精确控制,使实际温度逐步接近目标温度,温度波动范围控制在±1K以内;变频技术可避免压缩机频繁启停,降低空调能耗10％以上;空气净化装置可实现甲醛去除率约为86％;细菌去除率约为92％;PM2.5过滤效率可由40％提高到70％;同时智能运维系统对空调系统进行故障诊断和预测,降低公司的维保人力成本;该研究可为轨道交通车辆空调系统的智能化研究与应用提供技术参考.     

一种基于多次喷射的高压共轨喷油控制算法

设计了一种应用于柴油机高压共轨系统的喷油控制算法.该算法针对现有的多次喷射技术进行了改进,细化了喷油次数以提高燃油燃烧效率,采用并发控制方式提高算法执行速度.该算法首先通过基于优先级和区段划分的多次喷射协调方法将喷油过程划分为5次独立的喷射过程,然后分别对每次喷射进行油量计算、分解、正时转换等控制计算,其中分解运算过程采用了并发控制算法以提高运算效率,最终将喷油量转换为脉冲序列以操作喷油器喷油.通过理论分析与仿真实验对该算法的功能和性能进行了验证.     

超级电容负载的耦合并联充电系统无源分布式协同控制

储能式轻轨车辆采用超级电容作为动力源,其并联充电系统每个充电机不可避免的存在着线路不对称、元器件老化及工艺误差等因素,使得输出电流不均衡.本文将并联充电系统的电流均衡问题抽象成一类非线性耦合动态互联系统的输出同步问题,结合系统的无源性,根据最近邻原则,借助饱和函数,设计了保证控制输入有界的输出同步控制器.利用子系统存储...     

嵌入式环境下RPC的设计与实现

远程过程调用(RPC)是分布式系统中常见的进程间通信手段，与显式的消息传递方法相比，RPC能为多节点进程间通信提供更好的透明性。该文在分析了RPC系统结构的基础上，结合嵌入式环境设计了一个通用的RPC系统，并在ARM7、μC/OS-II、以太网和TCP/IP的基础上实现了该RPC设计。通过测试，比较了RPC方式与显式消息传递的时间损耗。     

Model predictive control of servo motor driven constant pump hydraulic system in injection molding process based on neurodynamic optimization简

In view of the high energy consumption and low response speed of the traditional hydraulic system for an injection molding machine, a servo motor driven constant pump hydraulic system is designed for a precision injection molding process, which uses a servo motor, a constant pump, and a pressure sensor, instead of a common motor, a constant pump, a pressure pro-portion valve, and a flow proportion valve. A model predictive control strategy based on neurodynamic optimization is proposed to control this new hydraulic system in the injection molding process. Simulation results showed that this control method has good control precision and quick response.     

Takagi–Sugeno Fuzzy Fault-Tolerant Control of an Induction Motor

This paper demonstrates the application of a new fault-tolerant control scheme for a rail vehicle traction system using digital signal processing hardware and a representative induction motor test-rig. The approach presented takes into account the stability and design of non-linear fuzzy inference systems based on Takagi–Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy models. The paper derives the necessary conditions for the assignability of eigenvalues to a region in the s-plane and the necessary conditions to guarantee the stability of adaptive fuzzy models. The problem is solved via the Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMI) method.