西芹生鲜面工艺优化及其质构特性的研究

为了丰富生鲜面的种类及提高其营养价值,以西芹浆和面粉为主要原料,主要考察西芹浆量、鸡蛋液量、食用碱量和熟化时间对西芹生鲜面感官品质的影响,在单因素实验的基础上采用L_9(3~4)正交实验进行面条加工工艺的优化,并进一步研究了面条感官评分与质构指标之间的相关性。结果表明:西芹生鲜面的最佳工艺是以面粉100 g,食盐量2%为基准,西芹浆量为32%,鸡蛋液量为6%,食用碱量为0.26%,熟化时间为10 min。西芹生鲜面的感官评分与质构特性的线性回归方程为y(感官评分值)=-18.083-0.012X_1(硬度)+28.320X_2(弹性)+0.028X_3(咀嚼性)+0.283X_4(粘聚性)+0.155 X_5(拉伸阻力)。采用最佳工艺制作出来的面条口感较好,具有西芹特有的风味,同时面条感官评分与质构指标具有良好的相关性,表明质构测定可以被用来评定西芹生鲜面品质的好坏。     

响应面法优化猪肉/鱼肉复合调理狮子头的加工工艺

为确定复合调理狮子头的最优加工工艺,该研究以猪肉/鱼肉复合调理狮子头为研究对象,研究搅打时间、成型温度、成型时间对复合调理狮子头色度、质构特性、持水性、感官品质的影响,并运用响应面分析法优化复合调理狮子头的制作工艺。结果表明,搅打时间、成型温度、成型时间对复合调理狮子头的品质有显著影响（P<0.05）。随着搅打时间的延长,产品的破断力、破断距离、持水性先升高后降低,并在搅打8 min时达到最大值。随着成型温度的上升,破断距离、凝胶强度及硬度总体上呈先升高后降低的趋势,持水性、感官评分随温度的上升先逐渐增加,在温度超过90℃后基本保持不变。随成型时间的延长,产品的破断距离、凝胶强度及硬度、内聚性、咀嚼性先升高后降低,持水性、感官评分先升高后无显著变化,且在16min时达到最大值。经响应面优化后,复合调理狮子头的最优加工工艺参数为：搅打时间8 min、成型温度91℃、成型时间17 min,该条件下产品质地优良,适口性好,风味独特。     

RSM优化速冻方便炒饭浸泡工艺的研究

浸泡工艺作为方便米饭加工工艺中的重要影响因素,对品质影响作用较为显著.采用质构分析仪检测硬度,通过TPA模式对速冻方便炒饭的质构进行分析.通过单因素试验选取浸泡温度、浸泡时间、乙醇及糊精浓度作为Centrel Composite设计的变量,利用4因素3水平响应面法(RSM)优化浸泡工艺条件.结果表明:速冻方便炒饭制作的最佳浸泡工艺条件为:乙醇浓度1.5%,糊精浓度1.0%,浸泡时间27 min,浸泡温度25℃.     

影响米饭质构特性和感官的关键理化因素分析

选取来自统一产区的24个水稻品种,测定了稻米以及其所加工成米饭的理化特性,分析了稻米理化特性与米饭质构特性间的相关性,建立了质构特性及感官与理化因子间的回归方程,进一步分析影响米饭食味品质的一些关键因素。结果表明,淀粉与多个质构参数呈显著(p0.05)或极显著(p0.01)正相关关系;蛋白质与各质构参数相关性不大;水分与米饭的弹性显著相关(r=0.448,p0.05);游离氨基酸与粘连性极显著负相关(r=-0.576,p0.01),与弹性负相关(r=-0.423,p0.05);脂肪与硬度显著负相关(r=-0.420,p0.05),与其他质构参数也基本呈负相关;长宽比主要与反映淀粉特性的质构参数显著相关。回归分析表明,脂肪和游离氨基酸含量对米饭食用品质影响较大,当这两者含量低时,米饭质构特性更优良,而当游离氨基酸含量高时,米饭适口性好、感官评分值高。     

响应面法优化小麦新品种百农4199的馒头加工工艺

为探讨百农4199小麦粉制作馒头的最佳工艺,研究酵母添加量、加水量、发酵温度、发酵时间及相对湿度5个因素对馒头感官品质的影响。在单因素试验的基础上进行响应面试验设计,利用Design Expert软件对结果进行二次回归分析,最终确定百农4199小麦粉馒头加工的最佳工艺条件:酵母添加量0.75%、加水量48%、发酵温度40℃、发酵时间60 min、相对湿度70%,该条件下馒头的感官评分为93.4分。各因素对馒头感官评分的影响顺序为:发酵温度酵母添加量发酵时间加水量相对湿度。馒头的质构特性表明,感官评分最高的馒头,其硬度和咀嚼性均显著低于评分最低和参照国标方法制作的馒头,表明其适口性较好。     

南极磷虾保鲜剂工艺参数的优化

以保鲜剂浓度、浸泡时间和浸泡温度为单因素指标,并以感官评分和贮藏时间为综合评价指标,采用响应面法对南极磷虾保鲜剂工艺参数进行优化。经优化确定的工艺参数为:保鲜剂浓度21.80 g/L,浸泡温度6.1℃,浸泡时间6.56 min,实际综合得分最高,与理论值接近,这说明回归模型正确,并通过质构、色泽和肌肉组织切片对工艺参数进行验证。实验结果显示,验证组南极磷虾品质高于空白组,这说明该工艺条件对南极磷虾品质保持起到一定的作用。     

佛跳墙主料中鲍鱼预处理方法的加工工艺优化

为使佛跳墙产品具有稳定的品质和较好的贮藏性能以便于工业化生产,对其加工工艺进行改进,采用罐头加工工艺取代原有的经验式烹饪做法,并对主料加工采用条件可控的预处理方法。以佛跳墙主料之一的鲍鱼为实验对象,分别研究不同水发时间、水发温度及预煮时间对其质构和感官的影响。以感官得分为主要实验指标,在单因素试验基础上,根据Box-Behnken试验设计原理,采用响应面法优化主料加工工艺,结果表明,鲍鱼的最优工艺组合为水发时间12.48 h、水发温度44.50 ℃、预煮时间16.1 min,此时具有最高的感官得分,经验证实验表明理论与实际基本相符。结合主料的质构分析,当主料质构指标分别在一定的范围时,具有较好的感官品质,可用于监控产品生产质量。     

杂粮复合酸奶的感官评价与理化性质研究

以大豆为基础原料,添加杂粮糊液等成分,经过发酵制成了一种杂粮复合酸奶,并对酸奶样品进行蛋白质含量、p H值、持水性、流变学特性和质构性质等检测。同时,研究剪切速率对酸奶样品黏度的影响,以及杂粮糊液添加比例对酸奶的质构及感观性质的影响。结果表明,随着杂粮糊液的添加比例的提高,酸奶样品的表观黏度明显增加;7种酸奶的8项评价指标组间有显著差异(p0.05)。酸奶破裂强度与硬度相关性极显著(p0.01),胶黏性与光滑感相关性极显著(p0.01);质构硬度与感官硬度和适口性的相关性显著(p0.05),质构弹性与感官光滑感和适口性相关性显著(p0.05)。其中,杂粮糊液添加比例为11%(质量分数)的酸奶样品,综合评分最高,口感和风味最好。     

可溶性膳食纤维强化重组蛋片的响应面优化制备和品质评价

目的：以咸蛋清等为主要原料,以抗性糊精为营养强化剂,制备可溶性膳食纤维强化重组蛋片,优化制备工艺并进行品质评价。方法：以脱气时间、蒸煮时间和抗性糊精添加量为自变量,以硬度、感官评分总分和白度为响应变量,采用Box-Behnken响应面法优化制备工艺;采用物性测试仪、感官评价、色差计、顶空固相微萃取与气相色谱质谱联用技术等仪器方法进行品质评价。结果：脱气时间、蒸煮时间和抗性糊精添加量对重组蛋片的质构特性、感官品质和色度均具有显著的影响;经响应面法确定的最优制备工艺为脱气时间18.92 min、蒸煮时间30.00 min和抗性糊精添加量5.89%。由此制备的可溶性膳食纤维强化重组蛋片硬度为1 853.37 g,感官评分总分为7.9,白度为67.80,其挥发性风味成分与未添加抗性糊精的重组蛋片无明显差异。结论：可溶性膳食纤维（5.89%抗性糊精）强化了重组蛋片的质构特性和感官品质,且对其外观、色度和挥发性风味特性无不良影响。     

生熟木耳粉对生鲜面品质的影响

以木耳粉(添加量以面粉为基准,按0%、1%、2%、3%、4%、5%、6%、7%的比例添加)和小麦粉为原料制作具有营养保健功能的黑木耳生鲜面,并比较了生熟黑木耳粉添加量对生鲜面质构特性、蒸煮品质和感官品质的影响。结果表明:木耳粉添加量对生鲜面质构特性、蒸煮品质和感官品质的影响显著(p0.05)。生熟木耳粉对生鲜面的质构特性、蒸煮品质的影响存在显著性差异,但对感官品质的影响无显著性差异(p0.05)。结合实际生产需要,采用生木耳粉进行添加为宜。当生木耳粉的最适添加量5%,面条最佳蒸煮时间为185 s,干物质吸水率192.20%,干物质损失率10.13%,硬度3221.05,胶着性2279.29,咀嚼性2016.05,回复性0.49,综合感官评价得分87.3分。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press