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临床医用材料是能够植入到生物体中与生物组织结合并修复的材料,或用于制造临床医用器械的材料。常见的临床医用金属材料包括不锈钢、钛合金、钴合金、锆合金、铝合金、可降解的镁合金和锌合金、形状记忆合金以及其他生物医用金属等。本文从材料属性分类类比到临床医用材料分类的具体涵义,聚焦临床医用金属类型及其相应的临床医用制品和器械,并用直观的视图展示了临床医用合金物化的典型代表,深入浅出描述了金属材料在临床中的应用,对临床医用金属材料的科学普及发挥巨大的作用,为交叉学科从业者进一步优化材料和性能设计奠定坚实的基础。 相似文献
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《金属学报》2017,(10)
材料的成骨性能(即材料表面或周围促进新骨生成的性能)一直以来是大部分骨科植入性医疗器械的首要临床要求。近年来,材料的抗感染或者抗菌性能(尤其是不依赖抗生素的抗感染或者抗菌性能)逐渐成为骨科植入物的另一重要临床要求。因此,开发同时具有成骨和抗感染性能的生物材料对于骨科临床具有重要意义。医用金属材料在骨科植入物中占有重要地位,但兼具这2种性能的金属材料在以往的临床实践或基础研究中都极为少见,最近才得以广泛研究。本文综述了同时具有成骨和抗感染性能的新型医用金属材料的研究进展,介绍相关金属材料以及金属材料表面改性的研究成果,并对材料兼具成骨和抗感染的机理进行分析讨论,提出此类新型医用金属材料的研究展望。 相似文献
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钛合金多孔材料具有与人体骨匹配的弹性模量,可有效解决金属植入物与人体骨弹性错配;其内部存在的大量孔隙有利于周围细胞的长入和新骨的生长,从而促进骨组织形成。近年来,增材制造(3D打印)技术被用于钛合金多孔材料制备,该方法可以精确控制孔隙参数,并且克服了因金属高熔点造成的制备困难。本文综述了作者团队在3D打印医用Ti-6Al-4V、纯Ti以及低模量钛合金多孔材料组织及力学性能的研究结果。对于Ti-6Al-4V两相合金,其疲劳性能受多孔结构设计和多种后处理的影响。纯Ti多孔材料较Ti-6Al-4V更优的疲劳寿命源于其更好的塑性和形变孪晶的应变硬化效应。低模量Ti2448合金的优异疲劳寿命则源于其超弹性提高裂纹萌生寿命,高韧性提高裂纹扩展寿命。最后展望了复杂生理环境腐蚀疲劳性能、多孔材料表面生物活化处理和新型医用金属体系多孔材料等发展方向。 相似文献
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硫酸盐还原菌腐蚀影响因素及防腐技术的研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
微生物对金属材料的腐蚀现象广泛存在于土壤、空气、海洋和油田等环境下,其中硫酸盐还原菌是最重要的一种腐蚀微生物,因此对金属材料硫酸盐还原菌腐蚀现象的深入研究有着重要意义。简单介绍了硫酸盐还原菌的生理特征和腐蚀机理。重点阐述了硫酸盐还原菌对金属材料腐蚀过程的影响因素,包括材料因素(合金的成分、成分含量、组织结构等)、环境因素(Cl-、Fe2+、磁场、温度等)及其他因素(p H、含氧量、CO2、流速等)。详细综述了控制微生物腐蚀的3种方法(物理方法、化学方法和生物方法)及其防腐机理,为防腐蚀工艺提供理论基础,并认为生物技术防腐方式具有较好的发展前景。最后,总结了目前微生物腐蚀研究存在的一些问题,并提出环境因素和力学因素共同作用下的微生物腐蚀机理是未来腐蚀研究发展方向的核心。 相似文献
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钛及其合金因具有较好的耐蚀抗磨性、生物活性、生物相容性以及在生理环境中的无毒性,成为医用领域中最常用的一种金属材料。但是,钛及其合金自身无抗菌性,表面摩擦因数大,抗塑性剪切能力低,且长期服役中易被环境污染和易于磨损失效,这些特性在一定程度上限制了其应用领域的扩展。因而,学者常采用离子注入技术对医用钛及其合金进行表面改性,以提升其表面性能,延长其制件服役寿命和扩展材料应用范围。研究表明,单一元素离子注入对提升钛及其合金的医用性能不够理想,因而学者采用金属+非金属、金属+金属离子进行复合注入,旨在提升改性层减摩抗磨、耐蚀性能的同时,增强改性层的生物活性及服役过程中的抗菌性。另外,对现有研究展开分析与综述后,提出了对医用钛及其合金的离子注入改性,将朝着进一步深入理论、模拟研究,多复合离子(特别是金属+金属+非金属复合离子)注入研究,高性能离子注入设备研发及其离子注入参数拟定与优化等方面发展。 相似文献
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《中国腐蚀与防护学报》2016,(1)
综述了金属材料的空化腐蚀行为及影响因素研究现状。介绍了现阶段金属材料空化腐蚀的主要研究方法,以及几种典型金属材料(Fe、Cu、不锈钢、Ti和形状记忆合金)的空化腐蚀行为。重点阐述了材料力学性能、材料化学成分和微观组织结构、表面形貌和外界环境等主要因素对金属材料空化腐蚀行为影响的研究情况,并指出了金属材料空化腐蚀进一步研究的方向。 相似文献
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Er-Lin Zhang Shan Fu Ruo-Xian Wang Hai-Xia Li Ying Liu Zhi-Qiang Ma Guang-Kun Liu Chen-Shun Zhu Gao-Wu Qin Da-Fu Chen 《稀有金属(英文版)》2019,(6)
Biomedical metals are widely used as implant materials in the human or animal body to repair organs and restore function, such as heart valves, meninges, peritoneum and artificial organs.Alloying element affects the microstructure, mechanical property, corrosion resistance and wear resistance, but also influences the antibacterial and biological activity.Recently, antibacterial metal alloys have shown great potential as a new kind of biomedical materials, in which Cu has been widely used as antibacterial agent element.In addition, biodegradable metal alloys, including magnesium alloy and zinc alloy, also have attracted much attention worldwide.Cu was also used as alloying element to adjust the degradation rate.Thus, the role of Cu in the alloy design will be very important for the development of new alloy.In this paper, we summarized the recent research results on the Cu-containing metal alloy for biomedical application and hoped that this review would give more suggestions for the further development of biomedical metal alloy. 相似文献
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对航空装备铝合金结构材料腐蚀疲劳行为中点蚀及点蚀萌生裂纹2个关键环节的研究进行综述。介绍了点蚀萌生机理、点蚀行为影响因素、点蚀萌生裂纹行为的研究方法,以及点蚀萌生裂纹行为机制等方面的研究结论。研究认为:航空装备铝合金点蚀的本质是受环境条件、结构微观因素、载体条件等多种因素影响的随机性电化学行为,点蚀损伤可通过其几何尺寸、点蚀率、失重率等多种指标进行描述;点蚀损伤在疲劳载荷作用下萌生裂纹,该行为可通过原位观测、断口分析等方式进行研究,并受点蚀形貌、载荷条件、材料微观结构等因素影响。在此基础上提出后续研究趋势:研究对象聚焦在新型航空铝合金材料上,点蚀试验方式注重模拟装备服役环境,研究内容则应深化点蚀萌生裂纹行为的量化分析。 相似文献
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液态金属腐蚀的研究进展 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
分析了液态金属对固态金属材料的腐蚀形式,就国内 外关于纯金属、合金材料在液态金属中的腐蚀行为及防护措施的研究进展作了评述,并对液 态金属腐蚀的研究方向提出一些建议. 相似文献
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基于蛋白质与医用金属间的吸附与螯合作用,综合评述了蛋白质作用下医用金属材料(钛及钛合金、不锈钢、钴基合金、镁合金等)腐蚀行为的研究进展,着重讨论了白蛋白、纤维蛋白原及血清影响下医用金属材料的腐蚀行为及机理,并指出了目前研究中存在的科学问题与未来研究的发展方向。 相似文献
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Comparative corrosion test of dental alloys in a bioreactor The demands in the modern prosthetics require the insertion of ceramics, polymers, metals and composites in the oral cavity. To realise dental applications of ceramics and polymers intensive efforts was made in research and development in the last years. Nevertheless metallic materials possess one of the most important positions in biomedical engineering. The excellent biofunctionality of the metallic dental materials is responsible for this situation. One of the greatest disadvantages by integrating metallic materials in the human organism is the great susceptibility to corrosion in the biological environment. Experiments to describe the corrosion behaviour under simulated in-vivo conditions should be used to estimate the biocompatibility of the inserted biomaterials. The quality of the simulated biological environment defines the clinical relevance of these experiments. In this work a research team of the ?Thüringer Arbeitsgemeinschaft Biomaterial e.V.”? reports about corrosion experiments on precious and non-precious dental alloys in an in-vitro test system, which represents a new simulation equipment for the development of a artificial oral cavity. 相似文献
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A. Zomorodian F. Brusciotti A. Fernandes M.J. Carmezim T. Moura e Silva J.C.S. Fernandes M.F. Montemor 《Surface & coatings technology》2012
Mg alloys can be used as bioresorsable metallic implants. However, the high corrosion rate of magnesium alloys has limited their biomedical applications. Although Mg ions are essential to the human body, an excess may cause undesirable health effects. Therefore, surface treatments are required to enhance the corrosion resistance of magnesium parts, decreasing its rate to biocompatible levels and allowing its safe application as bioresorbable metallic implants. The application of biocompatible silane coatings is envisaged as a suitable strategy for retarding the corrosion process of magnesium alloys. In the current work, a new glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS) based coating was tested on AZ31 magnesium substrates subjected to different surface conditioning procedures before coating deposition. The surface conditioning included a short etching with hydrofluoric acid (HF) or a dc polarisation in alkaline electrolyte. The silane coated samples were immersed in Hank's solution and the protective performance of the coating was studied through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The EIS data was treated by new equivalent circuit models and the results revealed that the surface conditioning process plays a key role in the effectiveness of the silane coating. The HF treated samples led to the highest impedance values and delayed the coating degradation, compared to the mechanically polished samples or to those submitted to dc polarisation. 相似文献
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Gill P Munroe N Pulletikurthi C Pandya S Haider W 《Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance》2011,20(4):819-823
Ti alloys have been widely used in the aerospace, chemical, and biomedical industries for their high strength/weight ratio and corrosion resistance. However, Nitinol's usage in the latter industry has been fraught with concerns of allergic and toxic effects of Ni released from implants. Recently, much attention has been placed on the development of Ni-free Ti-Ta alloys, which are considered prime candidates for applications such as metal-on-metal spinal disk replacements, orthopedic implants, cardiovascular stents, dental posts, and guide wires. In this research, the biocompatibility of Ti-30Ta alloys manufactured by powder metallurgy (PM) and arc melting (ARC) were investigated. The corrosion resistance of each alloy was determined in accordance with ASTM F 2129-08 in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and PBS with amino acids at 37 °C. The concentration of metal ions released during corrosion was measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy (ICP-MS). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to assess the morphology of the alloys before and after corrosion. Vicker's hardness tests were performed to compare the hardness and tensile strength of the alloys. Human osteoblast cells were successfully grown on the surface of both alloys. 相似文献