转速对三分仓回转式空气预热器热力性能的影响

基于有限差分法,将三分仓回转式空气预热器沿旋转方向周向展开,在蓄热元件单元和流体之间划分网格,通过建立每一有限单元内流体和蓄热单元间热平衡方程,利用改良的高斯塞德尔迭代方法计算得到蓄热元件的流体温度场分布。以某600 MW机组三分仓回转式空气预热器为例,详细分析了转速变化时,流体和金属温度场分布、ABS(硫酸氢铵)沉积区域等的变化趋势和规律。研究结果显示:(1)蓄热元件温度随转动角度分布的非线性特征,随转速降低而增加,可以用非稳定换热影响因子Π表征,各个分仓的Π值不同;(2)不同转速下,蓄热元件温度分布曲线,在加热和冷却周期内,各存在一个相对稳定的平衡位置;(3)三分仓空气预热器出口一次风、二次风平均温度随转速的变化趋势,与转子旋向和各空气分仓角度有关。     

散堆拉西环蓄热室热工特性的数值模拟

提出将拉西环作为蓄热元件用于蓄热室的技术构想,并建立数学模型对散堆拉西环蓄热室的热工特性进行模拟.结果表明:不同时刻蓄热体及气体的温度分布大致呈对数曲线;随换向时间及气体流速的减小、蓄热室长度的增加,温度效率、热效率逐渐升高;空气的出口平均温度取决于空气出口最低温度,烟气的出口平均温度取决于烟气出口最高温度,要达到较高...     

基于温升法空预器堵塞在线治理技术的研究与应用

空预器是火力发电厂的一种重要辅机,如空预器堵塞将会严重影响锅炉接带负荷的能力和运行的经济性.因此,采取有效措施预防空预器堵塞至关重要.文中对火力发电厂空预器堵塞的原因和硫酸氢铵(ABS)物理特性分析,基于温升法将硫酸氢铵(ABS)气化,并通过研究设计一种步进式吹灰器,将气化后的硫酸氢铵(ABS)与蓄热元件剥离并伴随烟气带走,从而实现空预器堵塞在线治理,有效控制空预器堵塞.     

控制壁面温度的方法

从理论上分析了降低对流热阻调节整体壁温和改变流体流向调节某段壁温的原理。并对顺流、逆流布置壁温进行分析比较。读者可根据需要选择调节壁温的方法。     

太阳热水系统等温流动特性的研究

太阳热水器或热水系统是一个多支管并联管组。本文根据流体力学的基本原理,建立了描述热水系统等温流动的离散型数学模型,用计算机算得了集箱静压分布和支管流量分布的数值结果,并初步讨论了热水器结构尺寸对流动分布的影响,对四片集热器组成的热水系统进行了试验测定,发现流量分布是不均匀的:逆流布置时支管流量分布极不均匀,有短路现象;顺流布置时流量分布虽比逆流布置有所改善,但系统阻力增大。     

漏风分配对回转式空气预热器热力性能的影响

通过对回转式空气预热器进行机理分析,将旋转运动的蓄热元件作为金属流体,与烟气(一、二次风)在微元控制体中进行直接换热,建立了传热微分方程及差分方程.根据某600 MW亚临界机组的空气预热器的结构参数及设计参数,通过模型求解得到空气预热器蓄热元件壁温及工质温度分布,并改变漏风分配系数,得到排烟温度及空气出口温度的变化规律.结果表明:漏风率增大会导致排烟损失增大,锅炉效率下降;随着热端漏风占比增大,空气预热器排烟温度呈上升趋势,一、二次风出口温度呈下降趋势.     

变负荷下空气预热器内硫酸氢铵粘结性积灰特性研究

针对SCR脱硝氨逃逸造成的空气预热器堵塞问题,构建了可反映蓄热板表面飞灰碰撞、粘附与脱离特性的硫酸氢铵（ABS）粘结性积灰计算模型,并对比分析了锅炉在50%~100%最大连续蒸发量工况（BMCR）之间的6种负荷下蓄热板间烟气流速分布及ABS粘结性和松散性积灰的积灰强度、积灰概率等积灰特征量,同时对30% BMCR负荷下蓄热板表面积灰情况进行了预测。结果表明：各负荷下ABS粘结性积灰强度均为松散性积灰强度的4.8倍以上;负荷每增加10%,ABS粘结性积灰与松散性积灰强度分别增加约9.90和2.15 μg/mm2,ABS粘结性积灰强度增加量较大;ABS粘结性积灰区域随负荷增大逐渐减小,当负荷由50%增大到100%时,积灰上限向冷端移动0.07 m;ABS粘结性积灰概率受负荷影响较小,各负荷下均为0.9,而松散性积灰概率为0.2~0.4,且随着飞灰粒径增大而降低。     

An Improved Thermal Calculation Method for Tri-sectional Rotary Air Preheaters

为解决三分仓空气预热器的热力计算问题,通过建立三分仓微元体模型,并考虑流体温度和金属蓄热板竖直切面平均温度的非线性特性,提出将一、二次风按照两分仓方法进行计算的改进算法,得到出口空气温度的微分解析式.实例计算表明：改进方法具有较高的精度;在空气预热器正转和反转情况下,该方法均适用;改进方法与文献[6]中方法计算得到的正、反转排烟温度一致.     

三分仓回转式空气预热器传热的数值解法

根据回转式空气预热器的工作机理,通过理论分析,把金属蓄热元件视为某一假想的流体,将非稳态传热与金属蓄热元件的机械运动等同于稳态换热过程,采用控制容积法建立了回转式空气预热器的流体动力学传热微分方程组与对应的差分方程组,详细给出了数值解法的计算过程,并以某220 MW锅炉机组的三分仓冷、热分段回转式空气预热器为例,结合实际运行参数进行了校核热力计算.结果表明:该数值解法合理、收敛快且具有合理的计算精度,可以得到空气预热器运行中金属蓄热元件、烟气与空气的温度分布;经与实际运行参数校核,与设计工况参数较吻合.     

槽式太阳能集热与相变蓄热耦合模型(Ⅱ):性能优化

在采用两级组合相变蓄热材料的基础上,利用已建立的槽式太阳能集热单元和蓄热单元的1-2维混合模型,对组合相变材料蓄热性能进行优化研究。研究结果表明,受所选相变材料热物性的影响,随PCM1比例增大,蓄热速率减慢,总蓄热量增加;随传热流体质量流量增大,相变材料完全融化时间缩短,当质量流量大于0.5 kg/s后,质量流量对蓄热性能的影响减小;随相变材料初始温度升高,总蓄热量减小,熔化时间和达到最大蓄热量时间基本不变,对蓄热性能影响不大。     

粉煤流化床燃烧_PC_FBC_炉膛烟温试验研究

针对新型高效、清洁煤燃烧方式,即粉煤流化床（ＰＣ－ＦＢ）,在一座０．３ＭＷ的试验台上,系统而详细地研究了ＰＣ－ＦＢ炉膛空间烟气温度的分布特性。主要研究内容包括：ＰＣ－ＦＢ炉膛空间内烟流的稳定性与均匀性;床层温度、流化速度、床料的平均粒径、二次风率、二次风的投入位置对炉膛内烟温分布的影响,并总结出合理的炉膛烟温分布。     

Performance analysis of metallic concentric tube recuperator in parallel flow arrangement

A performance model for parallel flow arrangement in metallic concentric tube recuperator that can be used to utilize the waste heat in the temperature range of 1100–1800 K is presented. The arrangement consists of metallic concentric shells wherein flue gases pass through the inner shell and air to be preheated passes through annular gap in the same direction. The recuperator height is divided into small elements and an energy balance is performed on each element. Necessary information about axial shell-surface, gas and air temperature distribution, and the influence of operating conditions on recuperator performance is obtained. The recuperative effectiveness is found to be increased with increasing inlet gas temperature and with decreasing fuel flow rate. The present model provides a valuable tool for metallic concentric tube recuperator performance considerations in parallel flow arrangement.     

城市生活垃圾焚烧冷热二次风技术对比研究

目前国内外城市牛活垃圾焚烧主要以冷、热二次风的送风方式进行.利用国内通用热力计算方法以及Fluent模拟方法,对比分析冷、热二次风送风方式的优缺点.分析结果表明,采用热二次风送风能有效提高锅炉效率和炉膛出口烟温,减少二恶英的排放;采用冷二次风可以延长烟气停留时间,减少烟气中NOx含量.在实际运行操作中,应根据工程的实际...     

垃圾焚烧炉二次配风优化数值研究

为研究焚烧炉二次助燃风的作用,以某厂生活垃圾焚烧炉为研究对象,建立了生活垃圾焚烧炉的三维数值模型,采用计算流体力学软件FLIC和FLUENT对炉排上的固相燃烧和炉膛内的气相燃烧过程进行了耦合模拟。结果表明:当焚烧炉不设置二次助燃风时,烟气在喉口和一次烟道内混合不均匀,可燃成分会沿后拱形成贴壁流,使得炉壁局部热负荷较高,易发生烧损现象,燃烧的不均匀也对污染物的消减不利;当在炉膛两侧设置二次风,尤其是旋流二次风时,流场得到较好的组织,可使喉口区域形成多个旋流区,二次燃烧效果比较好,并且湍动能、烟气路径长度和停留时间都较优,有利于可燃成份的充分燃烧和污染物的消减。     

循环流化床锅炉低氮燃烧的CPFD数值模拟

针对某75 t/h循环流化床锅炉炉膛出口NOx排放超标问题进行分析探讨,以合理的低氮燃烧控制技术为主,辅以SNCR烟气脱硝技术,争取达到NO x超净排放要求。采用CPFD计算方法对循环流化床锅炉炉膛内的气固流动和燃烧特性进行数值模拟,运用低过量空气燃烧法和空气分级技术对锅炉进行低氮燃烧控制,研究一、二次风配比、二次风射流、过量空气系数、循环倍率和颗粒粒径等因素对炉内燃烧及NO x排放的影响。结果表明:通过低氮燃烧控制后,炉内速度场和温度场分布均匀,炉膛出口处烟气流速增加,炉膛平均烟温和出口氧浓度降低,还原性气体CO浓度和优化前基本相同,炉膛出口NOx浓度降低,减排效果显著,为以后的锅炉运行提供实际指导经验。     

Indirect evaporative cooling of air to a sub-wet bulb temperature

Indirect evaporative cooling is a sustainable method for cooling of air. The main constraint that limits the wide use of evaporative coolers is the ultimate temperature of the process, which is the wet bulb temperature of ambient air. In this paper, a method is presented to produce air at a sub-wet bulb temperature by indirect evaporative cooling, without using a vapour compression machine. The main idea consists of manipulating the air flow inside the cooler by branching the working air from the product air, which is indirectly pre-cooled, before it is finally cooled and delivered. A model for the heat and mass transfer process is developed. Four types of coolers are studied: three two-stage coolers (a counter flow, a parallel flow and a combined parallel-regenerative flow) and a single-stage counter flow regenerative cooler.It is concluded that the proposed method for indirect evaporative cooling is capable of cooling air to temperatures lower than the ambient wet bulb temperature. The ultimate temperature for such a process is the dew point temperature of the ambient air. The wet bulb cooling effectiveness (E_wb) for the examples studied is 1.26, 1.09 and 1.31 for the two-stage counter flow, parallel flow and combined parallel-regenerative cooler, respectively, and it is 1.16 for the single-stage counter flow regenerative cooler. Such a method extends the potential of useful utilisation of evaporative coolers for cooling of buildings as well as other industrial applications.     

四角切向燃烧锅炉煤粉射流逆向稳燃技术的研究开发

本文首次提出并分析了四角切向燃烧锅炉煤粉射流逆向稳燃技术的设计思想。根据炉内三维湍流流场的数值模拟，优化设计了本项技术应用于焦作电厂Ｎｏ．３炉的燃烧器改造方案。计算结果及现场应用证实，采用煤粉射流逆向稳燃技术能够大幅度延长一次风射流中煤粉颗粒在着火初期的停留时间，改善煤粉气流的着火条件，同时能够有效地削弱炉膛出口气流的残余旋转，从而减轻烟温偏差，并能改变煤粉颗粒的切圆运动轨迹，从而缓解了炉膛燃烧器区域水冷壁的结渣与高温腐蚀。     

某600MW机组低氮调整与喷氨优化耦合应用

对1台600 MW四角切圆的双炉膛燃煤锅炉进行了低氮燃烧调整和SCR脱硝喷氨优化试验。结果表明:通过对燃尽风、炉膛氧量及喷氨格栅各支管流量分配进行了优化,降低了省煤器出口NO x浓度,提高了SCR脱硝反应器出口NO x与氨逃逸浓度分布的均匀性,可有效地预防和减轻空气预热器的硫酸氢铵堵塞,为实现脱硝超低排放稳定运行提供了技术支持,对同类型锅炉设备的降氮优化调整和改造具有借鉴意义。     

Modelling and performance analysis of a cross-flow type plate heat exchanger for dehumidification/cooling

This paper describes the performance analysis of a cross-flow type plate heat exchanger for use as a liquid desiccant absorber (dehumidifier) and indirect evaporative cooler. The proposed absorber can be described as a direct contact, cross-flow, heat and mass exchanger, with the flow passages separated from each other by thin plastic plates. One air stream (primary air) is sprayed by liquid desiccant solution, while the other stream (secondary air) is evaporatively cooled by a water spray. Each thin plate, besides separating the water/air passage from the solution/air passage, also provides the contact area for heat and mass transfer between the fluids flowing in each passage. A parametric study for the primary air stream at 33°C, 0.0171 kg/kg humidity ratio and secondary air stream at 27°C and 0.010 kg/kg humidity ratio using calcium chloride solution was performed in this study. The results showed a strong dependence on the heat and mass transfer area, solution concentration and ratio of secondary to primary air mass flow rates. However, negligible differences were found between the performance of a counter flow and a parallel flow arrangement. The results demonstrate that the proposed absorber will not offset both the latent and sensible load of the primary air and, therefore, an auxiliary cooler or more dehumidification/indirect evaporative cooling stages will generally be required to meet the sensible and latent load in a typical comfort application.     

Behavior of a 300 kWth regenerative multi-burner flameless oxidation furnace

The behavior of heat transfer and emissions in a semi-industrial 300 kW_th natural gas fired furnace with three pairs of regenerative flameless oxidation burners was studied. The furnace offers unique possibilities for varying burner positions and firing modes (parallel and staggered). The operational behavior of two burner configurations have been compared regarding emissions (NO, CO) and temperature uniformity, for both parallel and staggered firing mode. Additionally, the flue gas O₂ percentage (excess air ratio) and the cycle time have been varied. Parallel firing mode results in a higher temperature uniformity ratio in the furnace and in a lower NO emission. CO emission did not vary much between parallel and staggered mode.