从密斯·凡·德·罗的建筑浅谈东西方思想文化的会和

思想哲学影响建筑哲学,东西方对于空间的理解相同。通过“有”与“无”、“实”与“虚”、“内”与“外”和对密斯·凡·德·罗的建筑理论的总结,认为东西方思想文化在某些方面并不是平行的,而是存在交叉点的相同。揭示中国传统建筑与密斯·凡·德·罗所代表的西方建筑的共通。     

西方“少即是多”与东方禅宗美学的关系探析

"少即是多"是由现代主义建筑大师——密斯·凡德罗所提出的设计哲学理念,他反对装饰,提倡纯净、简洁的艺术表现。东方禅宗美学思想经过长时间的发展已形成了自己独有的思想体系,它与设计关系最为密切的就是"无常"这一思想,崇尚自然亦超越自由。虽然它们属于两个不同的领域,但两者又存在着一定的内在联系。本文从设计文化角度,运用辩证、比较等方法,从两者不同的哲学理念、创作手法到某些相同的内在联系、表达意图,促使人们对设计美学有更加深刻的认识。     

系统化视角下的小户型住宅家具设计研究

目的研究小户型住宅空间中家具的设计方法。通过家具设计达到对室内空间合理的组织和有效的利用,以及在一定程度上体现不同空间风格特征的需求。方法站在小户型住宅室内空间系统的角度,从室内空间的整体性,家具功能复合性的原则入手,将小户型家具设计落实到家具结构、功能和风格3个方面,探究小户型家具的设计方法。结论将小户型住宅中的家具设计与室内空间中的其他要素整合起来考虑,使小户型住宅空间中的家具在室内空间中具有空间利用高效、功能复合、组合灵活多变并兼顾多重风格的特点。     

基于小空间的家具设计研究

目的探究室内小空间的家具设计方式。方法采用文献研究法、案例分析法对国内外优秀的小空间家具设计作品进行分析,从家具组合及家具状态2方面对小空间家具设计的方法进行总结、归纳。结论基于小空间的家具设计能够在有限的空间内充分发挥家具的功用,实现人、家具、空间3者之间的平衡,能适应都市住宅的发展趋势。     

当代微建筑中的家具设计

目的研究当代微建筑中家具的特点和家具设计方法。方法从当代微建筑中家具的发展现状,分析了微建筑这个特定空间形式中的家具具有精巧化、科技化、生态化、个性化等特点。从微建筑中家具与建筑空间的位置关系,归纳了3种家具设计的方法。结论当代微建筑中的家具设计,可以节省空间资源、转变空间性质、提高空间效率,实现微建筑中空间形态和艺术审美的统一。     

基于适应建筑空间的家庭办公家具设计方向探索

工作效率是人们密切关注的问题,为了提升人们居家办公的体验,提高工作效率,营造良好的工作环境十分必要。而工作环境是由建筑空间与家具共同构建的。因此本课题从建筑与家具的关系展开相关研究,探求适应居住建筑空间的办公家具的设计思路。     

精装小户型住宅收纳式家具设计策略研究

目的 研究精装小户型住宅空间中收纳式家具的设计方式。方法 不同的单元家庭由于家庭结构、住房现状、经济收入等情况的不同,对收纳式家具的实际使用需求也是各不相同的。将通过分析精装小户型住宅形成的原因与目前发展的现状,研究小户型住宅与居住人群和收纳式家具三者之间的关系,并通过案例分析与文献引用的方式整理出适用于精装小户型住宅收纳式家具的设计方向。结果 高房价背景下,住房一直是很多居民关心的大事,而收纳式家具可以有效地扩展空间的实际使用面积。对收纳式家具的设计应该尽可能满足在现有使用条件下的需求外,更多地考虑使用者的潜在需求。结论 收纳式家具通过自身的多样性与实用性,能够很好地缓解小户型空间使用面积不足与家具使用率低的问题。     

致敬设计史上,那些了不起的女设计师

正在设计史上,有很多了不起的女设计师,她们也许并不常出现在耀眼的光环下,却以女性特有的敏锐,打开了一道道大门。很多我们耳熟能详的大师,如柯布西耶、路易斯·康、密斯·凡德罗、赖特等,都曾经从同时代的女性设计师那里获得灵感。但是由于社会体制的限制,这些杰出女性作出的贡献却总是被遗忘在历史的角落。其实,她们的设计更酷,今天就让我们来认识这不该被遗忘的女设计师。     

基于大众生活方式的住宅家具设计

目的研究住宅家具创新设计方法。方法通过对不同使用者群体生活方式的研究,提出了基于大众生活方式的住宅家具设计策略。结论这种基于大众生活方式的住宅家具设计理念。能够推动我国住宅家具的创新设计,从而促进我国家具行业的可持续发展。     

小户型住宅收纳式家具设计研究

目的研究小户型住宅中收纳式家具的设计。方法分析了小户型以及收纳式家具的概念和发展现状,研究了小户型住宅和收纳式家具之间的关系,阐述了小户型住宅收纳式家具的设计原则。结论收纳式家具可以解决小户型住宅中空间不足的问题,为人们提供更大的生活空间,收纳式的家具作为一种多元化的家具形态会有着广阔的发展前景。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from