基于柔性铰链的大口径望远镜并联调整机构

为减小地基大口径望远镜在光学追踪过程中重力变形对成像质量的影响,设计了一种基于柔性铰链的高侧向刚度、亚微米精度并联调整机构。首先,介绍了系统组成并针对技术指标的要求,开展了两自由度柔性铰链设计。建立了柔性铰链并联机构的等效运动学模型和刚度模型,搭建了并联机构刚柔耦合运动学仿真系统,分析了柔性铰链对机构精度的影响。最后,搭建实验测试系统,来验证柔性铰链的设计合理性和并联调整平台刚柔耦合运动学分析的准确性。仿真和测试结果表明,柔性铰链转动刚度误差控制在3.54%之内,小位移（微米/角秒量级）运动精度达亚微米量级,大位移（毫米/度）运动精度与仿真结果对比误差控制在微米量级,机构侧向刚度优于60 N/μm,能够满足地基望远镜光学成像的要求。     

Y型柔性铰链的设计与实验

为设计一种高精度、结构简单的大变形柔性铰链,提高并联平台的运动精度和零件使用寿命,本文提出了一种Y型柔性铰链。首先,借助ANSYS和ADAMS进行柔性铰链的回转中心、安装方式和行程要求的分析研究。接着,利用数控机床进行柔性铰链的加工制作。然后,利用光学坐标测量仪OPTOTRAK进行柔性铰链的轴漂测量实验。最后,进行了转动副并联平台、单片簧柔性铰链并联平台和Y型柔性铰链并联平台的圆轨迹实验。实验结果表明:Y型柔性铰链回转误差最大值为0.5962mm,Y型柔性铰链并联平台圆轨迹的误差最大值比转动副并联平台减小了42.7%。Y型柔性铰链可以很好地替换并联平台中的转动副,提高并联平台运动精度。     

考虑复杂多响应问题的柔顺机构稳健优化设计

以细胞注射3-RRR柔顺并联微动平台为研究对象,针对柔顺并联机构多响应设计存在不稳定的难题,根据3-RRR柔顺并联微动平台沿X向、Y向平动和绕Z轴转动时的柔度关系,采用田口设计及蒙特卡洛仿真方法,在满足X向柔度具备较强稳健性的情况下,对微动平台Y向平动和绕Z轴转动时转动中心的柔度分别进行了迭代寻优,揭示了柔性铰链各种设计因子对微动定位平台多响应柔度的影响规律,找出了柔性铰链最佳的几何尺寸,为考虑不确定性扰动情形下柔顺机构复杂多响应问题的稳健优化设计提供了一种新的解决途径。最后通过实例验证了该方法的有效性。     

新型3-RPC柔性精密平台的刚度与动力学分析

提出了一种新型空间柔性并联精密平台,该平台采用压电陶瓷驱动方式,通过单自由度柔性铰链的弹性变形实现末端执行件3个方向的运动;采用柔度矩阵变换法,建立了该柔性精密平台的刚度模型,并用有限元方法对刚度模型进行了验证。在此基础上,讨论了柔性铰链结构参数对平台刚度的影响规律;采用拉格朗日法建立该平台的动力学方程,利用有限元对其进行了模态分析,讨论了3组不同柔性转动副结构参数对微动机构自然频率的影响。     

基于柔顺机构的两自由度微动精密定位平台的分析与设计

基于柔性铰链变形原理设计了一种压电驱动的两自由度柔顺机构微动精密定位平台.首先建立了平台的刚度、固有频率和强度的分析模型,通过优化设计得出了平台的最优结构尺寸.利用有限元软件仿真分析验证了设计模型和优化结果的正确性.最后制造了原型样机,进行了实验,对平台进行了标定并分析了平台的定位误差.     

4-URU柔性并联机构构型设计及支链刚度分析

针对4-URU型柔性并联机构,提出了一种对支链刚度的新型求解方法,应用软件仿真结果验证该方法的有效性.首先,利用螺旋理论对4-URU刚性并联机构进行自由度分析,采用柔性铰链替换法设计相应的柔性并联机构.基于柔性铰链刚度矩阵,利用转换矩阵法求得支链的铰链刚度矩阵,利用有限元理论分别求得支链各柔性杆刚度,通过线性叠加求得支...     

三种两自由度柔顺精密定位平台的性能对比与分析

针对传统的缺口型和直片型柔性铰链平台行程不足的特点,设计了一种波纹簧片型柔性铰链,并在此基础上设计了由电磁驱动的两自由度柔顺精密定位平台。基于波纹簧片型、缺口型和直片型柔性铰链平台的特点建立有限元模型分析了这三种平台的静态和模态性能,包括行程,固有频率等。利用电磁驱动作为定位平台的输入驱动,综合对比了三种平台的实际行程,耦合位移,重复定位精度等性能,验证了有限元分析的正确性。结果表明,相比于缺口型和直片型柔性铰链平台,基于波纹簧片型柔性铰链的两自由度柔顺精密定位平台具有行程大,定位精度高的特点,对于柔顺精密定位平台的研究具有重要的参考价值。     

3自由度精密定位平台的运动特性和优化设计

为了实现3-RRR柔顺并联精密定位平台的精确运动,研究了它的封闭形式精确运动模型和尺寸优化设计。采用卡氏第二定理建立精密定位平台的封闭式柔度模型。根据柔顺并联机构的结构特点,将其划分为3个对称分布的运动支链,并结合铰链的柔度模型和机构力传递关系分别推导出各个支链的刚度模型,整个系统的刚度为所有支链在同一坐标系下的刚度的叠加。建立的刚度模型是以柔性铰链的柔度为变量的封闭形式模型。根据柔度矩阵可得到反映输入位移和输出位移之间关系的雅可比矩阵。理论模型与有限元分析的比较结果显示,两者所得的运动模型误差为1.0%～9.5%,证明了所推导运动模型的正确性和精确性。根据雅可比矩阵的封闭公式,分析其对结构参数的灵敏度,并由此选出对平台运动特性影响较大的优化设计变量。提出以最大化平台工作空间为目标,以铰链强度、最大输入力、几何尺寸和输入耦合为约束的优化模型。结果表明,优化后的结构参数能获得更大的输出位移,说明该方案能满足优化设计要求。     

一种高精度大行程2R1T并联定位平台

为了解决传统压电陶瓷驱动器所固有的高精度与大行程的矛盾,提出了一种新型可直接外力驱动的三自由度并联精密定位平台,利用压电直线电机直接驱动即可实现大行程与高精度定位。首先,分析了柔性铰链结构参数对其作动行程的影响机理,在此基础上设计了大行程圆柱柔性铰链,并对大行程圆柱柔性铰链的结构参数进行了模糊优化设计;接着,采用两个平移副和一个一体化、大行程圆柱形柔性铰链构建了并联分支链路,采用3条并联支路设计了2R1T并联精密定位平台,并通过坐标齐次变换方法构建了并联平台的运动学模型,推导出了并联平台位姿正反解;最后,对2R1T并联定位平台开展了实验研究。实验结果表明所设计的2R1T并联定位平台具有良好的运动同步性和重复性,利用压电直线电机的步进运动模式可实现精密定位,其平动定位分辨率为0. 09μm,转动定位分辨率分别为0. 8μrad、0. 9μrad和1. 0μrad;利用压电直线电机的连续运动模式可实现大行程空间定位,其平动工作行程为120 mm,转动工作行程分别为6. 18°、6. 74°和6. 58°。借助于压电直线电机的不同工作模式实现了并联平台的精密定位和大行程工作空间两个关键指标,为进一步研究2R1T并联机构的动态性能、精密定位及控制规律的实现等提供了重要的理论价值和实践基础。     

一种新型5-R柔性并联指向机构的设计与分析

轴漂作为柔性铰链的固有属性对其转动精度有很大影响,基于对称设计思想设计出两种轴漂很小的高精度柔性转动副,并对其进行性能分析及应用研究。首先采用几何方法,从结构上证明了新提出的两种柔性转动副具有轴漂小的特点;然后,分别建立两种新型铰链的伪刚体模型,得到其输入输出数学表达式并进行仿真验证;最后,基于球面5-R并联机构,运用刚体替换法,将新提出的两种柔性铰链替代机构中刚性运动副,综合得到一种新型5-R柔性并联机构。通过有限元软件对其进行分析,证明机构具有较高的承载能力和指向精度,为后续空间柔性指向机构应用方面奠定了理论基础。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.