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为实现非接触式的电场淀粉处理,利用多级连续感应电场辅助玉米淀粉酸解。该方法可加快玉米淀粉酸解速率,且随着串联电场腔体级数的增加,介质中的还原糖含量和电导率增大,其中16级电场处理后还原糖含量达到1.154 g/L,电导率相比对照增加了49.62%。处理后玉米淀粉的溶解度明显提高,膨胀力略有减小,糊化峰值温度升高,糊化焓值呈现波动变化,最高达到14.66 J/g。对玉米淀粉的结构测定显示,酸解后的玉米淀粉化学组成和晶型没有改变,但是相对结晶度和1 045/1 018值增大,其中相对结晶度最大达到30.23%。扫描电镜结果显示,颗粒表面出现了孔洞、破裂,并且电场级数越大,破损越严重。淀粉性质的变化可能是酸解反应和电场非热效应对淀粉颗粒表面的损害造成的。该研究有望为新型电场加工技术在淀粉改性中的应用提供重要依据。 相似文献
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以4种不同链/支比含量的玉米淀粉为原料,酸解处理不同时间,以酸解玉米淀粉的形貌特性、冻融稳定性、膨胀度、溶解度、晶体性质为指标衡量不同酸解时间对玉米淀粉结构性质的影响。结果表明:4种玉米淀粉酸水解程度的顺序为:蜡质玉米普通玉米淀粉G50G80。酸解后,同品种的4种玉米淀粉的析水率随着酸解天数的增加而增加;溶解度增加,膨胀度降低。酸解并未改变淀粉的晶型,随着酸解时间的延长,蜡质玉米淀粉和普通玉米的相对结晶度先增大后保持不变,G50和G80的相对结晶度随着酸解时间的增加而增大。表明酸解对低直链淀粉(蜡质玉米淀粉和普通玉米淀粉)的结构、性能影响最大。 相似文献
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利用脉冲电场对大米淀粉进行预处理,研究不同电场强度和不同有效处理时间对淀粉颗粒结构特征和理化性质的影响。通过扫描电镜(SEM)发现,淀粉颗粒表面受电场影响遭到破坏。傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和X射线衍射(XRD)表征结果表明脉冲电场处理大米淀粉不会引入新的官能团,在本实验条件下也不会改变淀粉的晶型结构,是一种物理改性的处理手段。经脉冲电场处理后,大米淀粉糊的透明度由6.2%提高到32.4%,冻融析水率由58.31%降低到22.53%,此外凝沉性和冻融稳定性均有所改善。 相似文献
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不同品种玉米淀粉的理化性质及相关性研究 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:4
通过研究10个玉米品种淀粉的理化性质及其相关性,结果表明,淀粉的平均粒径与终黏度存在极显著负相关(r=-0.789,P<0.01),与回凝值存在显著负相关(r=-0.760,P<0.05).淀粉的糊化温度与淀粉熔融起始温度、熔融峰值温度具有正相关关系(r=0.656,P<0.05;r=0.862,P<0.01).淀粉的糊化峰黏度与崩解值呈极显著正相关(r=0.948,P<0.01),与熔融峰值温度、熔融终止温度呈极显著负相关(r=-807;r=-O.770,P<0.01).崩解值与淀粉的熔融峰值温度、熔融终止温度具有显著负相关关系(r=-740;r:-0.683,P<0.05).淀粉的终黏度与回凝值存在高度正相关(r=0.968,P<0.01).淀粉的熔融起始温度、熔融峰值温度和熔融终止温度两两之间存在显著正相关.淀粉的熔融起始温度与淀粉的黏着性存在显著正相关(r=0.752,P<0.05).淀粉的熔融终止温度与粘聚性存在显著正相关(r=0.646,P<0.05).淀粉的凝胶硬度与黏着性存在极显著相关性(r=0.793,P<0.01). 相似文献
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对酸法水解玉米淀粉制备多孔淀粉进行了研究,同时采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和差式量热扫描仪(DSC)对所制备的多孔淀粉的颗粒结构、热学特性、成孔过程等进行分析,并将其与原玉米淀粉进行比较.其最佳工艺条件为:盐酸为10%、温度为40℃、反应时间为12 h、底物浓度为34%.用最佳工艺制备的玉米多孔淀粉,其比容积、溶解度、膨胀率、透明度和吸附能力较原玉米淀粉都有所提高,特别是吸油率增加显著.扫描电子显微镜(SEM)显示多孔淀粉表面布有凹坑或孔洞,类似蜂窝状结构,其孔径不等,密度不均;与原淀粉比较,差式量热扫描仪(DSC)表明其糊化温度范围变窄,焓变无明显变化,结晶大小均一. 相似文献
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以原蜡质玉米淀粉为原料,戊二酸酐为酯化剂,乙醇为反应溶剂制备戊二酸淀粉酯(EGAS)。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)及布拉班德粘度仪等对样品进行表征及理化性能分析。结果表明:FT-IR显示戊二酸淀粉酯在1730 cm-1处和1565 cm-1处出现了新的吸收峰,其中1730 cm-1处为C=O的伸缩振动吸收峰,1565 cm-1处为游离的-COO-的反对称伸缩振动吸收峰,表明了淀粉分子中成功接入了戊二酸基团;改性前后淀粉的表观形貌变化,证实了反应不仅发生在淀粉颗粒表面,也发生在淀粉颗粒内部;XRD分析显示改性后的淀粉仍属于A型结晶结构,表明了反应主要发生在无定形区;布拉班德粘度分析则表明了改性后的淀粉(DS=0.0450)峰值粘度提高了2.33倍;EGAS的冻融稳定性和抗剪切力均强于原淀粉,糊的透明度得到改善。 相似文献
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E. Aytunga Arik Kibar İlknur Gönenç Ferhunde Us 《International Journal of Food Properties》2013,16(1):204-218
The effect of addition of six fatty acids (stearic, palmitic, myristic, oleic, palmitoleic, and myristoleic acid) on the gelatinization, glass transition, and retrogradation properties of corn starch as well as their complexing abilities with amylose were determined. Differential scanning calorimeter studies reflected that addition of fatty acids caused a 73–89% decrease in the gelatinization enthalpy compared to that of the native starch. Besides amylose-lipid formation, exotherm was determined at the same temperature range with the gelatinization endotherm. As a result, it was suggested that fatty acids complexed with amylose during gelatinization. Fatty acid addition significantly increased the glass transition temperature of starch gel. This was attributed to two reasons: the first is due to the physical cross-linking action of amylose–lipid complexes in starch-water system; the second may be due to the effect of uncomplexed fatty acids on water distribution in the gel structure as a result of their amphiphilic character. Thermal properties of amylose-lipid complexes were compared in order to determine the effect of fatty acid properties. It was found that the shorter chain length and unsaturation favored the complex formation but the complexes formed by longer and saturated fatty acids were more heat stable. Addition of fatty acids resulted in 73–90% and 47–71% reduction in the retrogradation enthalpy compared to native starch gels at 5°C and 21°C, respectively. The reduction in the retrogradation enthalpy was inversely related to the amylose-lipid complexing abilities of the fatty acids and it might be explained by the hindrance effect of uncomplexed fatty acids to the water distribution in the starch gel matrix. 相似文献
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Shuang‐Qi Tian Chen‐Xi Liu Ren‐Yong Zhao Zi‐Liang Wang 《Journal of food science》2019,84(8):2059-2064
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different degree of substitution on structural characteristics and crystalline properties of resistant starch esterfied by L‐malic acid. With the deepening of the esterification reaction, malate starches particles became larger, particle surface cracks and grooves increased which led to a decline in whiteness of malate starches. With the increase in the degree of substitution (DS), the initial phase transition temperatures (To) and endothermic enthalpies (ΔH) of malate starch gradually decreased. The XRD results indicated that with the increase of DS, the diffraction peak at 15.1° disappeared in the spectrum. When the DS of malate starches reached 0.116, the content of resistant starch (RS) accounted for the majority of the total starch. 相似文献
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以蜡质玉米淀粉为原料,在酸醇介质中制备淀粉微晶。对制得的不同水解率的蜡质玉米淀粉微晶进行了颗粒形貌、X射线衍射、DSC热稳定性分析,溶解度和消化性能的测定。结果表明:随着酸醇水解程度的增加,淀粉颗粒形貌逐渐呈片晶状,最终为碎片;淀粉颗粒的无定形区先被水解,结晶区后被水解,进而导致颗粒破裂;晶体形态仍为A型。与原淀粉相比,淀粉微晶的Tp和Tc均增大,糊化温度范围也有很大提高;不同水解率的淀粉微晶的热焓(△H)先减小后增大。淀粉微晶的溶解度随水解率的增加不断增大。酸醇水解蜡质玉米淀粉的水解率越高,其在in vitro模型中的消化产物也就越多,消化速度也越快。对于同一水解率的淀粉微晶,其消化速度随时间的延长先上升后下降。 相似文献
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乙酰化酸解复合变性淀粉的制备及性能研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文以玉米淀粉为原料,以盐酸为酸解剂,醋酸酐为乙酰化试剂,氢氧化钠为酰化催化剂对酸解乙酰基复合变性淀粉合成工艺进行了研究。考察了反应时间、反应温度、pH值、酸含量对酸解淀粉流度、乙酰化淀粉取代度及产品性能的影响。实验结果表明,升高酸解温度、增加酸解时间和酸含量将加速淀粉的降解。采用流度法测定酸解淀粉的粘度,采用酸碱滴定法测定了乙酰化酸解淀粉的取代度。 相似文献
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Porous corn starch from glucoamylase hydrolysis of native corn starch was examined before and after cross-linking, acid hydrolysis and dry ball milling. Cross-linking does not significantly change the crystallinity, water absorption or gelatinisation properties but acid hydrolysis at 60°C increases, proportionately, crystallinity and water absorption capacity and decreases moisture adsorption at humidities less than 80%, in comparison to untreated porous corn starch. Highly crystalline porous starch has a fragile granule structure. Ball milling destroys crystallinity in both normal, porous, and cross-linked or partially hydrolyzed starches. Particle sizes of 1–2m are obtained by milling dry starches for 48 h. Water absorption for milled starches is more than 200% (weight water/weight starch d.b.). Viscosities of these products were significantly reduced at high temperatures. Products formed stable gels in 25–30% dispersions in cold water. 相似文献
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研究了不同质量浓度滑子菇多糖对玉米淀粉的糊化特性、流变特性、质构特性、热力学特性以及微观结构的影响,探究滑子菇多糖与玉米淀粉间的作用机理,揭示多糖对淀粉品质形成影响的量效关系。结果表明:滑子菇多糖可提高滑子菇多糖-玉米淀粉复配体系的黏度和糊化温度,延缓糊化过程。当滑子菇多糖质量浓度为0.9 g/mL时,复配体系的崩解值为1.77 mPa·s,回生值为3.63 mPa·s、糊化焓为3.95 J/g,表明此时抗老化效果最佳且稳定性最好。随着多糖质量浓度的增加,复配体系的黏弹性和假塑性逐渐增强,流动性逐渐降低。红外光谱分析表明,滑子菇多糖与玉米淀粉间通过氢键发生相互作用,且在多糖质量浓度为0.9 g/mL时氢键作用最强。冷冻电镜结果表明当滑子菇多糖质量浓度为0.6 g/mL时,复配体系的微观结构呈孔隙均匀的蜂窝状。 相似文献
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本文以玉米淀粉和食用胶(卡拉胶、果胶)为研究对象,探讨了不同配比的共混体系透光度、凝沉性、凝胶特性以及流变学等指标的变化。结果显示,随着食用胶加入量的增加,混合体系的透光度逐渐下降,当玉米淀粉和食用胶复配比例为9.5:0.5 g/g时透光度最好,透光度分别为0.356(卡拉胶)、0.679(果胶)。混合体系静置相同时间时,随着食用胶比例的增多,混合体系的凝沉性呈现逐渐增强的趋势。静态流变学实验显示,混合体系的表观粘度随着剪切速率的增加而逐渐减小,直至趋于平稳;动态流变学结果表明,混合体系的粘弹性随着食用胶比例的增加而增加。 相似文献