洞塞泄洪洞的3维数值模拟研究

为解决高水头、大流量、出口尾水位低导流洞改建洞塞泄洪洞的布置和消能问题,提出了"垂直洞塞+压坡洞塞+水平洞塞组"这种新型的洞塞布置和消能形式,并采用RNGk-ε双方程模型和VOF方法,对采用该种新型洞塞布置形式的洞塞泄洪洞的流场进行了3维紊流数值模拟,得到了压强、流速、消能率等重要水力特性的分布规律,且将部分计算结果与试验结果进行对比分析,结果吻合良好,验证了采用该数值方法计算强紊动、强剪切射流以及大尺度漩涡流动的可行性.同时,研究结果也表明,某水电站非常泄洪洞采用"垂直洞塞+压坡洞塞+水平洞塞组"的消能模式消能,洞内能形成较强的紊动,消能效果好,满足工程要求.     

洞塞流场的2维激光测速试验研究

为了详细了解有压洞塞水流的时均及脉动流速分布,为洞塞体型设计提供依据,本文应用二维激光流速仪对顺直、台阶及收缩式洞塞的时均流速和脉动流速进行了测量,测量结果表明：在洞塞内部,时均流速在洞塞进口0.133倍管道直径后分布均匀;洞塞出口后的主流再附着点位于洞塞出口后的1～2倍管道直径处,洞塞出口3 倍管道直径后的断面流速分布基本均匀;总体而言,在回流区以外,径向流速均较小,约为轴向流速的10％;三种体型洞塞的脉动流速的大小为时均流速的10％～30％,在洞塞段及洞塞后扩散段较大,最大值位于时均流速梯度较大的剪切层附近;对同一断面而言,轴线上的脉动流速小于两侧的脉动流速。上述成果表明,从流速分布角度而言,洞塞长度宜大于0.133倍管道直径,洞塞间距宜大于3倍管道直径。     

洞塞式泄洪的数值模拟

针对洞塞式泄洪的特征,分析了水流紊动特点,建立了三维RNGκ-ε紊流模型,并利用物理模型试验对其计算结果进行了验证;对洞塞式泄洪沿程的最小压强系数进行了计算,分析结果表明,最小压强系数沿程在洞塞突缩端和突扩端附近呈现明显的双峰分布.其他参数一定的情况下,主次峰区的最小压强系数峰值随洞塞段相对长度增加而相应降低;最小压强系数的峰值随突缩比增加明显降低.突缩比比洞塞段相对长度对最小压强系数的影响更为明显.     

水平旋流内消能泄洪洞的壁面压强及脉动特性

通过模型试验,研究了水平旋流内消能泄洪洞壁面压强及脉动特性.研究结果表明,在各流态下,随着上、下游水位的升高壁面压强随之增加,沿程逐渐减小;在Z/D=0.5～4.5范围内,压强变化剧烈,过渡段的性质非常明显,流态不同时规律不同;脉动压强主频在0.03～1.6 Hz,属于低频范围,优势频率主要集中在0～20 Hz之间;壁面脉动压强振幅概率分布基本上呈现高斯正态分布;但在水平段首 (Z/D=0～4.5)和尾(Z/D=29～水平段出口) Cs、Ce均要略大于理论值.     

独头巷道受限贴附射流不同射口形状流场特征数值模拟

为了研究不同射口形状对独头巷道压入式通风流场特征的影响,根据矿山实际情况,在建立了独头巷道受限贴附射流流场数学模型的基础上,采用计算流体力学软件Fluent模拟分析了渐变收缩型射口、渐变扩张型射口和普通射口射流流场的特征分布,结果表明:渐变收缩型射流出口轴线流速与普通风筒相比得到了较大的提高,风流紊动强度最高;渐变扩张型射流出口轴线速度最低,风流紊动强度最低;独头巷道压入式通风受限贴附射流的流场区域可分为贴附射流区、冲击射流贴附区和回流区,渐变收缩型射口各流场区域的风流流速最大;射流风流与壁面贴附后逐步形成圆形镜像体,渐变扩张型射口镜像体面积最大;渐变收缩型射口射流速度和回流速度虽最大,但射流面积最小.     

背压对磨粒流精密加工伺服阀壳体的数值模拟研究

为分析磨粒流加工时背压出口直径对工件表面质量的影响,以伺服阀壳体为研究对象,对固液两相磨粒流加工过程进行数值分析。通过分析不同背压出口直径条件下的动态压强和壁面剪切力发现,有背压时,磨粒流加工后表面均匀性有所提高;背压出口直径为2.3 mm时,动态压强和壁面剪切力的数值最小,此时得到的表面质量较差,加工效率较低;当背压出口直径为3.3 mm时,动态压强和壁面剪切力的数值最大,此时加工效率最高,表面质量最好,适用于伺服阀壳体的加工。     

洞塞对表面活性剂减阻管流阻力特性的影响

为探究单洞塞对表面活性剂减阻水溶液管流阻力特性的影响,采用不同孔径比和长径比的洞塞 以及不同浓度减阻剂水溶液,实验测试了不同工况下的局部阻力损失和沿程阻力损失并与纯水的相应结果进 行比对。研究结果表明：随着减阻水溶液浓度的增大,洞塞的局部阻力系数的拐点向后平移,减阻雷诺数范 围越大,局部阻力减阻持续的雷诺数范围越宽。在洞塞直径对管直径比一定的条件下,洞塞长度对管直径比 较小时,局部阻力较大;而洞塞长度对管直径比较大时,局部阻力较小。在长径比一定的条件下,局部阻力 随洞塞孔径比的增大而减小,且在洞塞下游,减阻水溶液再次形成具有稳定减阻效果的流动所需要的再发展 距离随着洞塞孔径比而减小。     

洞塞消能工的脉动压力分析

对顺直、台阶及收缩式洞塞的脉动压力进行了测量和分析,并结合某工程导流洞改建洞塞泄洪洞项目,从脉动压力的角度分析了洞塞段的抗空化性能.结果表明:3种洞塞的脉动压力强度在距离洞塞进口0.1～0.3倍洞径处达到最大值,随后迅速衰减,在距离洞塞进口4倍洞径后趋于平稳;在相同的流速及相同的出口直径下,顺直洞塞的脉动压力均方根值最大,台阶洞塞次之,收缩洞塞最小;在脉动压力均方根最大处,3种洞塞的压力接近正态分布.对于收缩洞塞,采用6倍均方根计算最小压力是偏于安全的;在1:40的正态模型上实测了某洞塞泄洪洞的压力分布,结果表明,泄洪洞段的最小瞬时压力为3.4×9.8 kPa,发生空化的可能性很小.     

降雨移动方向对坡面径流的影响机理

通过基于物理概念的水文响应数值模拟,研究了降雨移动方向对坡面地表径流的影响机理.模拟中降雨移动速度不变,分别沿模拟坡面轴线向上和向下移动,降雨强度设为恒定值4.0×10-5 m/s.通过分析下游出口边界处的流量过程曲线和坡面轴线上观测点的压强水头变化,分析降雨移动对坡面径流的影响.结果表明,降雨移动方向主要是改变坡面水文条件、影响坡面水文响应,进而影响地表径流特征.当降雨沿坡面向上游移动时,坡面出口处的流量过程曲线的径流上升更早、径流峰值略低、径流从开始发生至到达峰值所需时间更长、径流整体历时略长;当降雨沿坡面向下游移动时,坡面中部及靠近下游边界部分在降雨开始前就已经饱和,从而影响产流,坡面全部达到饱和的时间更早,坡面下游边界饱和的时间略短.     

横流中紊动射流的数值实验研究

采用ＳＩＭＰＬＥ算法等结合高雷诺数Ｋ－ε紊流模型１壁面函数法,混合长度理论和斜交曲线坐标系,编制通用计算程序,研究在给定的横流条件下（即一定的速度、温度、压力和紊流度等）,以及在不同的主流与射流的速度比下,布置在平面壁面和曲面壁面上的横流方向垂直的不同射流的轴线轨迹,流道内速度场的变化规律,另外通过计算和分析表明,紊动射流的存在一定程度上改善了原有的气相流场结构,从而为今后应用紊动射流来对叶栅进行     

Application of high-pressure water jet technology and the theory of rock burst control in roadway

This paper puts forward using high-pressure water jet technology to control rock burst in roadway, and analyzes the theory of controlling rock burst in roadway by the weak structure zone model. The weak structure zone is formed by using high-pressure water jet to cut the coal wall in a continuous and rotational way. In order to study the influence law of weak structure zone in surrounding rock, this paper numerically analyzed the influence law of weak structure zone, and the disturbance law of coal wall and floor under dynamic and static combined load. The results show that when the distance between high-pressure water jet drillings is 3 m and the diameter of drilling is 300 mm, continuous stress superposition zone can be formed. The weak structure zone can transfer and reduce the concentrated static load in surrounding rock, and then form distressed zone. The longer the high-pressure water jet drilling is, the larger the distressed zone is. The stress change and displacement change of non-distressed zone in coal wall and floor are significantly greater than that of distressed zone under dynamic and static combined load. And it shows that the distressed zone can effectively control rock burst in roadway under dynamic and static combined load. High-pressure water jet technology was applied in the haulage gate of 250203 working face in Yanbei Coal Mine, and had gained good effect. The study conclusions provide theoretical foundation and a new guidance for controlling rock burst in roadway.     

A new type of leak-floor flip bucket

Flip buckets are commonly used to discharge flow away from a hydraulic structure into the downstream to dissipate energy.A new leak-floor flip bucket is presented,making the ski-jump water jet a typical long-narrow nappe.Based on the model experiments and numerical simulation,the flow pattern,formation process and mechanism of the leak-floor flip bucket are studied.The results show that cross section flow shape develops from the"Y-type"to"|-type",and this is because the natural pressure difference is generated when water flows through the leak-floor area and moves transversely from both sides to the center.Different from the slit-type flip bucket with sidewall contraction,the leak-floor flit bucket makes the water jet narrow and long without high pressure on the side walls of the flip bucket.Under the same jet length condition,the maximum sidewall pressure of the slit-type is 4.67 times that of the leak-floor flip bucket.The effects of flow discharge on the jet length are less significant for the leak-floor bucket than for the slit-type bucket.     

自激脉冲喷嘴结构参数对涡环影响的数值分析

要使自激脉冲喷嘴产生良好的激振, 影响自激腔内涡环结构的喷嘴腔体直径、腔体长度、上喷嘴直径、下喷嘴直径、碰撞壁中心角等参数必须相互配合.采用无量纲量，针对3种腔径、5种腔长、4种下喷嘴直径和1种上喷嘴直径配合而成的多种工况进行交叉数值分析.通过对数值模拟结果的分析，给出自激喷嘴结构参数的最优数值配比.     

自激脉冲喷嘴结构参数对涡环影响的数值分析

要使自激脉冲喷嘴产生良好的激振，影响自激腔内涡环结构的喷嘴腔体直径、腔体长度、上喷嘴直径、下喷嘴直径、碰撞壁中心角等参数硌须相互配合，采用无量纲量，针对3种腔径、5种腔长、4种下喷嘴直径和1种上喷嘴直径配合而成的多种工况进行交叉数值分析，通过对数值模拟结果的分析，给出自激喷嘴结构参数的最优数值配比。     

入口雷诺数对静压油腔承载性能的影响

基于实验和数值模拟方法,研究了入口雷诺数为840～2 449时静压油腔的承载性能.利用PIV粒子测速系统实验研究了入口雷诺数变化对油腔内部流场结构的影响,与数值模拟结果吻合良好;数值模拟了不同入口雷诺数时油腔上壁面压强和壁面剪应力的变化.结果表明:随着入口雷诺数的增大,涡的位置逐渐靠近封油边,涡的范围逐渐变大;涡心位置与入口雷诺数有函数关系;入口喷射导致油腔上壁面中心处压强出现峰值,峰值之后的压强呈恒定分布;上壁面剪应力在上壁面正对入口边缘处出现峰值会导致油膜破裂.     

自激吸气式脉冲射流装置压力及流动特性的研究

利用自制的射流试验平台对自激吸气式脉冲射流装置进行了冲击试验,测量了装置腔体上典型测点压力和靶心冲击力时间历程,运用高速摄像技术观测了装置内部水气流动过程,分析不同结构参数和运行参数下典型测点压力与冲击力脉冲效果,研究了典型测点压力、冲击力脉冲效果与水气流动过程之间的关系。研究结果表明：腔长、下喷嘴直径、工作压力和围压对吸气量有明显的影响;腔长和下喷嘴直径对碰撞体测点压力脉冲效果、冲击力时均值及其脉冲效果均有较大影响,存在着最佳结构参数使装置吸气量、冲击力时均值最大且脉冲效果最好;工作压力和围压对冲击力时均值及其脉冲效果影响较大;装置吸气后腔内形成了气水旋转涡团,气水旋转涡团与碰撞体测点压力和冲击力脉冲效果存在着明显的对应关系,解释了装置产生脉冲射流的原因。     

Numerical simulation of the flow field in a dense-media cyclone

An analytical study of the flow and pressure fields inside a small-diameter dense-media cyclone is presented.The simulations were done with the help of the CFD software FLUENT.The following conclusions were reached: the tangential velocity tends to increase when moving from the center toward the exterior.The velocity then begins to decrease when the maximum velocity point is reached.The velocity field divides into two different sections; an inner swirling zone and an outer swirling zone.The axial velocity points down at the wall and gradually decreases toward the bottom.Continuing toward the bottom, the axial velocity passes through zero and then gradually increases in the opposite direction.In the cyclone's central zone, the pressure is negative and the suction of air allows an air column to be formed therein.At the center of the radial negative zone the pressure drops to its lowest value-phenomenon that has been verified by theoretical analysis.Some discrepancies between the observed data and the simulated data are noted when an analysis in made on a cyclone operating with either fresh water only or with water with added heavy particles.     

Study on the breakup length of circular impinging jet

Circular impinging jet, which is widely used in accelerated control cooling (ACC) equipment to accelerate the cooling of hot rolled plates, is subject to breakup, and may result in undesirable cooling effect. Therefore, the jet breakup should be avoided as possible in industrial production. The objective of this study is to find the relation of the processing parameters of the ACC equip- ment versus the breakup length of jet with weaker turbulence. To obtain quantitative findings, not only relative experimental study but also numerical simulation was carried out. For a weaker turbulent water jet, the breakup length increases with the increase of jet diameter, as well as with the jet velocity; jet diameter has a significant effect on the breakup length for a certain flow rate when com- pared with jet velocity; finally a suggested correlation of the jet breakup length versus jet Weber number is presented in this study.     

异形喷嘴内部流场的可视化研究

运用Fluent软件对圆形喷嘴、正三角形喷嘴和正方形喷嘴的内流场进行三维仿真模拟。仿真结果表明:喷嘴形状对喷嘴的内流场有较大影响,喷射速度呈现由几何中心向喷嘴壁面逐渐衰减的趋势;随着入口压力的增加,异形喷嘴轴心速度衰减比圆形喷嘴慢,正三角形喷嘴速度衰减最慢。     

天然气增输器数值模拟

根据自激振荡脉冲射流理论与壁面振动减阻理论,对变径管及天然气增输器管道内天然气流动情况进行了数值模拟及分析。结果表明,天然气流经增输器时,在碰撞壁处压力波动较大,存在径向环流,引起壁面的径向振动;与普通变径管相比,增输器出口处的压强与入口相比有明显的降低,湍动能变化较大。在相同工况条件下,经增输器后压力降低,管道输气量显著增加。