磨削高体积分数SiCp/Al复合材料表面形成机制

针对高体积分数SiCp/Al复合材料精密加工问题,研究了磨削加工高体积分数SiCp/Al复合材料表面形貌的形成机制.使用金刚石砂轮在干式和湿式两种磨削条件下对高体积分数SiCp/Al复合材料进行磨削实验研究,通过表面粗糙度仪对表面粗糙度进行测量,运用扫描电镜对磨削加工的表面形貌进行观测研究.结果表明：该材料磨削表面的主要缺陷为SiC颗粒拔出、破碎、压入和Al基体的涂敷等,SiC颗粒的破碎和脱落是磨削加工该材料表面形成的主要机制.两种磨削条件下工件进给速度对表面粗糙度的影响比磨削深度更显著,湿式磨削无论是在工件已加工表面形貌和微观结构还是表面粗糙度上都好于干式磨削.     

等离子喷涂NiCr/Cr_2C_3、Ni/C及其复合涂层的耐磨性能

为了加强车辆机械零件的表面防护,采用等离子喷涂工艺在304N不锈钢表面分别制备了NiCr/Cr_2C_3涂层、Ni/C涂层以及NiCr/Cr_2C_3和Ni/C复合涂层,观察了涂层组织形貌,测试了涂层硬度和耐磨性,分析了涂层的摩擦磨损机理.结果表明,3种涂层中NiCr/Cr_2C_3和Ni/C复合涂层的耐磨性能最好.金属粘结相NiCr可以起到足够的支撑作用,从而防止涂层剥离与黏着磨损的产生.Ni/C作为固体润滑剂,通过自润滑作用降低了涂层的整体摩擦系数.     

超硬磨料砂轮干式磨削Ti6Al4V合金的表面完整性研究

针对钛合金干式磨削特点,制备了金刚石和立方氮化硼(cubic boron nitride, CBN)超硬磨料砂轮,进行了与碳化硅陶瓷砂轮干式磨削Ti6Al4V合金的对比试验研究。用扫描电子显微镜、三维体视显微镜、粗糙度仪和显微硬度计对磨削工况和试样表面进行了测定。分析了磨削用量对表面粗糙度的影响,比较了3种砂轮磨削工件的表面粗糙度、表面形貌、微观组织及显微硬度。研究表明:工件表面粗糙度随着磨削深度增大而增大,随着砂轮速度的增大而减小。与绿色碳化硅陶瓷结合剂砂轮相比,CBN和金刚石超硬磨料砂轮磨削工件的表面粗糙度和变质层深度较小,表面无明显烧伤,在一定用量条件下更适合Ti6Al4V合金干式磨削加工。     

钛合金表面激光熔覆Cr3C2/Ni基合金复合涂层的微观组织

将质量分数为25％的Cr3C2／Ni基合金混合粉末预置在TCA合金表面，利用5kW横流CO2激光器进行激光熔覆试验，得到Ni基Cr3C2复合涂层．利用SEM和XRD对熔覆层的微观组织和相组成进行了分析，采用HXD—1000T数字式显微硬度计测量了熔覆层的硬度．结果表明，Ni＋Cr3C2复合涂层存在γ-Ni、TiC、CrTC扑M23（C，B）6和CrB等相，熔覆层硬度在600～900HV之间．     

Cr3C2对激光熔覆Ni基合金涂层组织与性能的影响

采用激光熔覆技术在低碳钢表面制备Ni基合金涂层(Ni50)及添加30％Cr3C2(质量分数)的Ni基复合涂层(Cr3C2/Ni).利用光学显微镜(OP)、扫描电镜(SEM)及X射线衍射仪(XRD)研究2种涂层的微观组织特征和相结构;通过显微硬度以及滑动磨损试验分析两种涂层的硬度和耐磨损性能.结果表明:Ni50合金涂层组...     

氮化硅陶瓷套圈内圆磨削表面质量的实验

目的 研究高速磨削试验下砂轮粒度、砂轮速度、磨削深度、工件速度等工艺参数对工程陶瓷材料磨削表面粗糙度的影响.方法 利用MK2710型数控内外圆复合磨床对工程陶瓷内表面进行磨削加工,并利用Surtronic 25接触式粗糙度测量仪进行表面粗糙度的测量,得到不同磨削工艺参数下的表面质量.结果 单一因素试验分析得出表面粗糙度随着砂轮粒度的变小而降低,随着砂轮线速度增加而降低,随着工件转速的增大而减小,随着磨削深度的增大而增大;通过正交试验的分析得出,与工程陶瓷表面粗糙度关系最大的为砂轮粒度,其次为砂轮速度和磨削深度,工件速度影响最小.结论 揭示了砂轮粒度、砂轮速度、磨削深度、工件速度对工程陶瓷表面粗糙度的不同影响,确定了最佳磨削工艺,并且进行试验验证,为工程陶瓷材料磨削加工提供了依据.     

Ni60/高铝青铜多元多相复合涂层制备及其微观结构特征

为了研究Ni基/Cu基复合合金涂层的微观结构特征,采用超音速等离子喷涂技术在45#钢基体上制备了高铝青铜质量分数30%的镍基合金/高铝青铜多元多相复合涂层。对复合涂层的组织结构特征、元素分布、相结构组成以及涂层的微观缺陷进行研究分析。结果表明:所制备的复合涂层中2种合金微结构呈叠加层状分布,组织结构具有梯度复合涂层特征,致密度高,微界面结合良好。高铝青铜合金和Ni60合金元素呈交错分布,相互之间出现互扩散特点。高铝青铜合金具有对Ni基合金微粒包裹作用和对微界面填充作用,并且2种合金之间发生了冶金反应,微界面结合牢靠。相对于纯Ni60合金涂层,高铝青铜的加入有效降低了复合涂层缺陷率,减小了缺陷尺寸。     

Ni-ZrO_2纳米复合涂层的制备及其耐磨耐蚀性能研究

采用电火花沉积和激光熔覆技术在45号钢基体表面沉积制备Ni-ZrO2复合涂层。通过研究涂层的显微硬度分布、耐磨和防腐性能发现:在900 W功率下,电火花沉积的Ni基过渡层质量较好,过渡层厚度达到了110μm左右,且与基体冶金结合具有较高的结合力。利用激光熔覆技术在Ni基过渡层上熔覆纳米ZrO2粉体(3Y-TZP),纳米ZrO2涂层平均厚度约为20μm。Ni-ZrO2纳米复合涂层的表面平均硬度为934.19HV0.1,最高硬度可达1 145HV0.1,相对于基体,硬度提高了3.8倍。摩擦磨损和腐蚀试验发现复合涂层的耐磨性能和耐蚀性能较基体都有明显的提升。     

SiCp/Al复合材料的ELID精密加工工艺

针对高体积分数SiCp/Al复合材料的加工难题,采用在线电解修整精密磨削加工工艺对其进行精密磨削实验研究.首先,通过建立单颗粒磨削模型,得到磨粒的最大变形磨屑厚度,进而利用Matlab软件,得到SiCp/Al复合材料塑性域磨削的试验参数范围.然后,通过单因素试验探究磨削深度、砂轮转速以及工件移动速度对加工表面粗糙度的影响,利用正交试验最优参数与理论分析得到的塑性域磨削的试验参数范围进行对比,确定了最优工艺参数.最后,以最优试验参数对体积分数40%的SiCp/Al复合材料进行精密磨削加工,获得表面粗糙度Ra 0.030μm的加工表面.研究表明:应用ELID精密磨削加工工艺,采用W5铸铁基金刚石砂轮,当砂轮转速为1 500 r/min,磨削深度在0.1μm,工件移动速度为2 m/min时,磨削效果最佳.     

真空熔覆原位自生W_xC/Ni基复合涂层的组织及耐磨性能

为了提高煤油泵的使用寿命,利用真空熔覆技术在316L不锈钢表面原位合成了W_xC/Ni基复合涂层.采用扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪、X射线衍射仪研究了复合涂层的显微组织和相组成,并对其进行了硬度测量和摩擦性能试验.结果表明,复合涂层组织细密且与基材呈冶金结合.复合涂层主要由γ-Ni固溶体、原位生成的W_xC、(Cr,Fe)_7C_3和Cr_7C_3相组成,且W_xC相弥散分布在γ-Ni固溶体中.复合涂层的硬度约为316L不锈钢基材的4倍,相对耐磨性约为基材的37倍.     

Characteristics of LiCoO2, LiMn2O4 and LiNi0.45Co0.1Mn0.45O2 as cathodes of lithium ion batteries

LiNi_0.45Co_0.10Mn_0.45O₂ was synthesized from Li₂CO₃ and a triple oxide of nickel, cobalt and manganese at 950 °C in air. The structures and characteristics of LiNi_0.45Co_0.10Mn_0.45O₂, LiCoO₂ and LiMn₂O₄ were investigated by XRD, SEM and electrochemical measurements. The results show that LiNi_0.45Co_0.10Mn_0.45O₂ has a layered structure with hexagonal lattice. The commercial LiCoO₂ has sphere-like appearance and smooth surfaces, while the LiMn₂O₄ and LiNi_0.45Co_0.10Mn_0.45O₂ consist of cornered and uneven particles. LiNi_0.45Co_0.10Mn_0.45O₂ has a large discharge capacity of 140.9 mA · h/g in practical lithium ion battery, which is 33.4% and 2.8% above that of LiMn₂O₄ and LiCoO₂, respectively. LiCoO₂ and LiMn₂O₄ have higher discharge voltage and better rate-capability than LiNi_0.45Co_0.10Mn_0.45O₂. All the three cathodes have excellent cycling performance with capacity retention of above 89.3% at the 250th cycle. Batteries with LiMn₂O₄ or LiNi_0.45Co_0.10Mn_0.45O₂ cathodes show better safety performance under abusive conditions than those with LiCoO₂ cathodes. Foundation item: Project(50302016) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China; Project(2005037698) supported by the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China     

Molar heat capacities of La2Mo2O9 and La1.9Sr0.1MO209-δ

The molar heat capacities of La2Mo209 and La1.9Sr0.1MO209-δ were obtained using the differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） technique in a temperature range from 298 to 1473 K. The DSC curve of La2Mo209 showed an endothermal peak around 834 K corresponding to a first-order monoclinic-cubic phase transition, and the enthalpy change accompanying this phase transition is 5.99 kJ/mol. No evident endothermal peak existed in the DSC curve of La1.9Sr0.1MO209-δ, but a broad thermal anomaly existed in its heat capacity curve at around 832 K. In addition, the heat capacity values of La2Mo209 and La1.9Sr0.1MO209-δ began to decrease at 1196 and 1330 K, respectively. The non-transitional heat capacity values of La2Mo209 and La1.9Sr0.1MO209-δ were formulated using multiple regression analysis in two temperature ranges.     

Synthesis and characterization of Mg3(PO4)2-coated Li1.05Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 cathode material for Li-ion battery

Mg₃(PO₄)₂-coated Li_1.05Ni_1/3Mn_1/3Co_1/3O₂ cathode materials were synthesized via co-precipitation method. The morphology, structure, electrochemical performance and thermal stability were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), cyclic voltammetry(CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS), charge/discharge cycling and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). SEM analysis shows that Mg₃(PO₄)₂-coating changes the morphologies of their particles and increases the grains size. XRD and CV results show that Mg₃(PO₄)₂-coating powder is homogeneous and has better layered structure than the bare one. Mg₃(PO₄)₂-coating improved high rate discharge capacity and cycle-life performance. The reason why the cycling performance of Mg₃(PO₄)₂-coated sample at 55 °C was better than that of room temperature was the increasing of lithium-ion diffusion rate and charge transfer rate with temperature rising. Mg₃(PO₄)₂-coating improved the cathode thermal stability, and the result was consistent with thermal abuse tests using Li-ion cells: the Mg₃(PO₄)₂ coated Li_1.05Ni_1/3Mn_1/3Co_1/3O₂ cathode did not exhibit thermal runaway with smoke and explosion, in contrast to the cells containing the bare Li_1.05Ni_1/3Mn_1/3Co_1/3O₂. Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20273047)     

Modification of LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode material by CeO2-coating

LiCo_1/3Ni_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ was coated by a layer of 1.0 wt% CeO₂ via sol-gel method. The bared and coated LiMn_1/3Co_1/3Ni_1/3O₂ was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cyclic voltammogram (CV) and galvanotactic charge-discharge test. The results show that the coating layer has no effect on the crystal structure, only coating on the surface; the 1.0 wt% CeO₂-coated LiCo_1/3Ni_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ exhibits better discharge capacity and cycling performance than the bared LiCo_1/3Ni_1/3Mn_1/3O₂. The discharge capacity of 1.0 wt% CeO₂-coated cathode is 182.5 mAh·g⁻¹ at a current density of 20 mA·g⁻¹, in contrast to 165.8 mAh·g⁻¹of the bared sample. The discharge capacity retention of 1.0 wt% CeO₂-coated sample after 12 cycles reaches 93.2%, in comparison with 86.6% of the bared sample. CV results show that the CeO₂ coating could suppress phase transitions and prevent the surface of cathode material from direct contact with the electrolyte, thus enhance the electrochemical performance of the coated material.     

Luminescent properties of BaO-La2O3-B2O3 glasses with dopant

The luminescent properties of glasses synthesized in air atmosphere by conventional high temperature process were stud{ed. The emissions spectra of Eu^2 and Eu^3 were observed in BaO-La2O3-B2O3-Eu2O3 glasses.The results show that the broad emission peaks at 430 nm correspond to 5d→4f emission transition of Eu^2 , the sharp emission peaks at 592, 616, 650 and 250 nm correspond to 5^D0→1Fj(j=1--4) emission transition of Eu^3 ,respectively, which indicates that the BaO-La2O3a-B2O3-Eu2O3 glass can convert ultraviolet and green omponents of sunlight into blue and red light so as to increase the intensity of blue and red light, respectively. The luminescent in--tensity of Eu^2 increases with increasing the molar ratio of Tb^3 in BaO-La2O3-B2O3-Eu2O3a-Tb4O3 glasses, whereas the luminescent intensity of Eua^3 decreases. So the luminescent intensity of Eu(Ⅲ,Ⅱ) is influenced by Tb^3 .These phenomena can be explained by electron transfer mechanism; Eu^3 (4f6) Tb^3 (4f^8)→Eu^2 (4f′) Tb^4 (4f′). Taking advantage of the luminescent properties of BaO-La2O3-B2O3-Eu2O3 glasses, light-conversion glass for agriculture can be produced.     

基于双金属MOFs 制备Co3O4/In2O3 复合物及其气敏性能的研究

以硝酸铟(In(NO₃)₃·xH₂O)、对苯二甲酸(H₂BDC)、六水合硝酸钴(Co(NO₃)· 6H₂O) 为原料, 首先采用一锅油浴法合成了含有Co²⁺ 的铟基金属有机框架材料(MOFs) Co²⁺/CPP-3(In) 材料, 然后在450 ℃ 下焙烧制备Co₃O₄/In₂O₃ 复合物气敏材料, 将Co₃O₄/In₂O₃ 复合物的粉体制作成传感器, 并对其气敏性能进行研究。利用扫描电子显微镜和X 射线衍射仪(XRD) 对双金属MOFs Co²⁺/CPP-3(In) 材料和Co₃O₄/In₂O₃ 复合物进行表征, 采用静态配气法测试其气敏性能。结果表明, Co₃O₄/In₂O₃(n_Co : n_In = 0.4 : 1) 样品的形貌保留了其MOFs 前驱体的棒状结构, 棱柱形框架更为突出, 表面呈凹陷状, 棒体中间粗两边细, 六角截面和棒体均布满了孔洞。结合EDX 和XRD 表征结果, Co²⁺/CPP-3(In) MOFs 前驱体完全转化成Co₃O₄/In₂O₃ 复合物; Co₃O₄/In₂O₃(n_Co : n_In = 0.4 : 1) 复合物在 70 ℃ 下对5×10^-6 H₂S 的气敏性能最优, 响应值达到153, 是同条件下纯备In₂O₃对H₂S 响应值的5 倍, 并且有较好的重复性、选择性和稳定性。     

氧空穴对二氧化钛/磷酸银光催化活性的影响机制

采用磷酸银与具有可见光吸收能力的TiO_2基光催化剂相复合的方法,对带有氧空穴的二氧化钛(TiO_2-OV)的复合磷酸银光催化材料的性能进行了研究.采用光处理法成功制备出了具有可见光吸收能力的氧空穴二氧化钛材料,利用化学吸附法成功制备出了磷酸银/氧空穴二氧化钛复合光催化剂.透射电镜结果显示,磷酸银纳米颗粒均匀分散于氧空穴二氧化钛表面,形成结构完美的复合光催化剂;光催化降解罗丹明B实验结果表明,所制备的磷酸银/氧空穴二氧化钛复合光催化剂的光催化活性明显优于磷酸银光催化材料.     

Ferroelectric properties of Bi3.4Ho0.6Ti3O12 thin films prepared by sol-gel method

We have prepared the Ho-substituted bismuth titanate (Bi_3.4Ho_0.6Ti₃O₁₂, BHT) thin films on Pt/Ti/SiO₂/Si substrates using sol-gel method. The crystal structure and morphology of the films were characterized using X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy. The BHT film shows a single phase of Bi-layered Aurivillius structure and dense microstructure. The 2Pr and 2Ec of the 600-nm-thick BHT film were 38.4 μC/cm² and 376.1 kV/cm, respectively at applied electric field 500 kV/cm. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss are about 310 and 0.015 at a frequency of 1 MHz, respectively. The Pr value decreased to 93% of its pre-fatigue values after 4.46×10⁹ switching cycles at 1 MHz frenquency, and the BHT film shows good insulating behavior according to the test of leakage current. Supported by the Hubei Province Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. 2007ABA309)     

球形LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4材料的嵌脱动力学

为明晰Li Mn1.5Ni0.5O4正极材料的动力学性能,采用水热辅助共沉淀法合成了尖晶石Li Mn1.5Ni0.5O4正极材料,并采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)和电化学阻抗(EIS)研究了材料的结构和锂离子嵌脱动力学.实验结果表明:共沉淀法制备的Li Ni0.5Mn1.5O4材料颗粒呈均匀球形,且平均粒径较小,粒度分布较窄.在循环过程中,Li Ni0.5Mn1.5O4的电荷转移电阻增大,锂离子扩散系数减小,进而电子电导率和离子电导率下降.温度升高后,Li Ni0.5Mn1.5O4材料的溶液电阻变化不大,但是电荷转移电阻逐渐增大,锂离子扩散系数逐渐减小;此外,随着温度的升高,Li Ni0.5Mn1.5O4材料的溶解速度加快,从而导致SEI膜的厚度增大.Li Ni0.5Mn1.5O4材料的嵌脱锂动力学与温度和循环次数有密切关系.     

Preparation of LiFePO4 for lithium ion battery using Fe2P2O7 as precursor

In order to obtain a new precursor for LiFePO4, Fe2P2O7 with high purity was prepared through solid phase reaction at 650 ℃ using starting materials of FeC2O4 and NH4H2PO4 in an argon atmosphere. Using the as-prepared Fe2P2O7, Li2CO3 and glucose as raw materials, pure LiFePO4 and LiFePO4/C composite materials were respectively synthesized by solid state reaction at 700 ℃ in an argon atmosphere. X-ray diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy（SEM） were employed to characterize the as-prepared Fe2P2O7, LiFePO4 and LiFePO4/C. The as-prepared Fe2P2O7 crystallizes in the Cl space group and belongs to β-Fe2P2O7 for crystal phase. The particle size distribution of Fe2P2O7 observed by SEM is 0.4-3.0 μm. During the Li^＋ ion chemical intercalation, radical P2O7^4- is disrupted into two PO4^3- ions in the presence of O^2-, thus providing a feasible technique to dispose this poor dissolvable pyrophosphate. LiFePO4/C composite exhibits initial charge and discharge capacities of 154 and 132 mA·h/g, respectively.