钛基La掺杂SnO2-RuO2电极的制备及其电化学氧化焦化废水

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Ti/SnO2-RuO2、Ti/SnO2-RuO2-La两种电极,探究稀土La对钛基SnO2-RuO2电极的改性效果,考察了电极在不同条件(电流密度、温度及pH)下电化学氧化焦化废水中COD的去除效果.结果表明,Ti/SnO2-RuO2-La电极对焦化废水中有机物有较好的降解效果,在电流密度10 ...     

Ti/TiO_2-SnO_2-RuO_2电极电催化降解HMX炸药废水的研究

采用刷涂法制备了Ti/TiO2-SnO2-RuO2电极,并用SEM、XRD对电极形貌及结构进行表征。利用该电极作阳极,石墨板为阴极,对含奥克托今(HMX)的废水进行电催化氧化降解处理,探讨了Na2SO4电解质浓度、反应温度、溶液pH、电解电压等因素对HMX去除率和COD去除率的影响。结果表明,在Na2SO4质量浓度为7.5 g/L、反应温度为35℃、溶液pH为3、外加电解电压为3 V的条件下处理50 mL含HMX的废水,HMX的去除率达到91.76%,COD去除率达到99.86%。     

电化学氧化法降解焦化废水的研究

利用Ti/TiO2-RuO2电极降解焦化废水,结果显示:此电极对焦化废水有较好的去除效果.按影响电解效果各主要因素进行筛选,最佳实验条件为:电流密度35 mA/cm2,pH7,电解30 min后,CODCr的去除率为80.2%.     

Ti/IrO_2-RuO_2电极处理船舶生活污水研究

探索了Ti/IrO2-RuO2电极在电化学法处理船舶生活污水方面的性能。通过电解葡萄糖溶液实验,对比研究了电极间距、电解质含量、电流密度等因素对COD的影响;在优化参数条件下,对实际生活污水进行降解;并对电极进行强化电解实验。结果表明,在2 h之内电极对溶液的COD、BOD5去除率可达85%以上,对大肠杆菌的杀菌效果为100%;实验进行到670 h时电极失效,证明电极具有很好的电化学稳定性。引起电极失效的主要原因是在制备过程中电极表面产生的裂纹,使得在电解过程中电解液通过表面裂纹进入基体,从而引起涂层脱落,电极失效。     

热分解法制备Ti/IrO2-RuO2电极及灿烂甲酚蓝废水降解

利用热分解法制备Ti/IrO_2-RuO_2电极,通过SEM和XRD等测试手段对其进行形貌和结构表征。以该电极为阳极处理苯系染料废水灿烂甲酚蓝(BCB),考察了电解电压、电解质Na_2SO_4浓度、电极间距、反应温度和电解时间对BCB废水COD去除率和降解率的影响。结果表明:在电解电压为3. 0 V、电解质Na_2SO_4浓度为6. 0 g/L、电极间距为3 cm、反应温度为50℃、电解120 min时,BCB废水的COD去除率为78. 4%,BCB降解率为77. 1%。     

Ti/IrO2-Ta2O5阳极电催化氧化法处理含酚废水

采用新型的钛基金属氧化物涂层电极(Ti/IrO2–Ta2O5)作为阳极,石墨作为阴极对含酚模拟废水进行电催化氧化降解实验。当电解条件为电压U=9.0V;电流I=2.5A;板间距d=3.0cm;电解质NaCl浓度20.0g·L-1,初始pH=7.0时,初始浓度为1000mg·L-1苯酚模拟废水电解90min后,处理效果较理想,其中电流和电解质浓度为主要影响因子。Ti/IrO2–Ta2O5阳极电催化氧化降解苯酚的过程符合一级反应动力学。     

含锡锑中间层的析氧阳极的制备及性能研究

从延缓涂层钛阳极基体钝化的角度出发,采用热分解法制备了含SnO2-Sb2O5中间层的钛基铱钽电极.利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射、能谱等方法对Ti/SnO2-Sb2O5/IrO2-Ta2O5阳极表面的形貌,相结构、元素组成和电化学性能进行了分析.结果表明,Ti/SnO2-Sb2O5/IrO2-Ta2O5阳极的使用寿命较Ti/IrO2-Ta2O5阳极有大幅度的提高,并且具有更高的电催化活性.Ti/SnO2-Sb2O5/IrO2-Ta2O5是一种在酸性环境中非常具有前景的析氧阳极.     

Ti/RuO_2网状电极降解对硝基苯甲酸废水的研究

采用刷涂法制备了Ti/Ru O_2涂层网状电极,通过X射线衍射和扫描电镜对电极的组分和形貌进行了表征。以Ti/Ru O_2涂层网状电极为阳极,不锈钢网电极为阴极,研究了电解电压、p H、温度和电解时间等因素对对硝基苯甲酸废水电化学催化降解的影响。正交实验结果表明,影响对硝基苯甲酸废水电化学催化降解的顺序依次为p H、温度、电解时间、电解电压。通过单因素实验得到的电化学降解优化条件为:电解电压为2 V,p H为3,温度为30℃,电解时间为180 min。在该条件下,对硝基苯甲酸废水的COD去除率和降解率分别为79.5%、77.2%。     

钛基IrO2+SnO2电极的析氧性能及其在电合成丁二酸中的应用

通过热分解法制备了IrO2+ SnO2/Sb2 O3+ SnO2/Ti、IrO2+ SnO2/Ti、IrO2+ Ta2O5/Sb2O3+ SnO2/Ti电极,通过线性伏安、电化学阻抗、强化寿命测试等研究了钛基涂层电极在1 mol· L-1硫酸溶液中的析氧性能.采用EDX、SEM等考察了电极的表面元素分布和电极强化寿命测...     

换向脉冲电沉积法制备Ti/TNTs/Sb–SnO_2阳极及其性能研究

以Ti阳极氧化所得TiO_2纳米管(TNTs)为基体,采用换向脉冲电沉积制备Sb掺杂SnO_2电极(Ti/TNTs/Sb–SnO_2)。采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、能谱等手段对其微观结构、表面形貌及元素组成进行分析,研究了它作为阳极对对硝基苯酚(p-NP)的电催化氧化降解能力。结果表明,当负向脉冲电流为60 m A时,换向脉冲电沉积法制备的Ti/TNTs/Sb–SnO_2电极的表面覆盖层均匀,致密,无裂缝。阳极极化曲线的分析结果表明,该电极的析氧电位为2.28 V,用其降解对硝基苯酚2.5 h后,去除效率达81%。     

石墨毡作为粒子电极处理含酚废水的试验研究

采用石墨毡作为三维电极中的粒子电极,处理模拟苯酚废水,研究对比了不同阳极材料、粒子电极填充方式、初始pH值、槽电压、电极极性交替对苯酚降解效果的影响。电化学测试和电解试验结果表明,相比于304不锈钢和Ti/IrO_2-RuO_2电极,石墨毡在较高的电极电位下仍能对苯酚保持较高电催化活性。采用粒子串的填充方式能降低反应器内短路电流、提高电流效率,反应器的时空产率从2.27 g/(m3·h)提升至6.47 g/(m~3·h)。周期交替电极极性对苯酚最终去除率影响较低,通过SEM扫描发现苯酚聚合物及其他污染物在纤维表面的沉积得到抑制。在苯酚初始质量浓度为100 mg/L、p H值为8~10、槽电压为8 V、电极极性交替周期为5 min、粒子电极采用串填方式、HRT为120 min的条件下,苯酚去除率大于90.3%。     

Surface activation of manganese oxide electrode for oxygen evolution from seawater

Utilizing the fact that the equilibrium potential of oxygen evolution is lower than that of chlorine evolution, oxygen evolution in seawater electrolysis was enhanced by decreasing the polarization potential under galvanostatic conditions through increasing the effective surface area of manganese oxide electrodes. Electrodes were prepared by a thermal decomposition method. IrO2-coated titanium (IrO2/Ti electrode) was used as the substrate on which manganese oxide was coated (MnOX/IrO2/Ti electrode). Subsequently, oxide mixtures of manganese and zinc were coated (MnOX–ZnO/MnOX/IrO2/Ti electrode). The effective surface area of the MnOX–ZnO/MnOX/IrO2/Ti electrodes was increased by selective dissolution of zinc (leaching) into hot 6M KOH. The oxygen evolution efficiency of the MnOX/IrO2/Ti electrode was 68–70%. Leaching of zinc from the MnOX–ZnO/MnOX/IrO2/Ti electrodes with 25mol% or less zinc led to a significant increase in the oxygen evolution efficiency. The maximum efficiency attained was 86% after leaching of zinc from the MnOX–25mol%ZnO/MnOX/IrO2/Ti electrode. However, large amounts of zinc addition, such as 40mol% or more are detrimental because of a decrease in the oxygen evolution efficiency. This is due to the formation of a double oxide, ZnMnO3, which is hardly dissolved in hot 6M KOH.     

Service life of Ti/SnO2–Sb2O5 anodes

The service life of SnO2–Sb2O5 coated anodes prepared by the spray pyrolysis technique using Ti or Ti/IrO2 substrate, was studied under galvanostatic conditions (100mAcm–2 in 1m H2SO4 at 25°C. The results showed that the presence of an IrO2 interlayer between the Ti substrate and the SnO2–Sb2O5 coating (Ti/IrO2/SnO2–Sb2O5 anode) strongly increases the service life of the anode. This beneficial action of the IrO2 interlayer was attributed to its high anodic stability and its isomorphous structure with TiO2 and SnO2. Cyclic voltammetry and steady-state polarization curves showed that the electrochemical behaviour of the Ti/IrO2/SnO2–Sb2O5 electrode lies between the behaviour of the Ti/IrO2 and the Ti/SnO2–Sb2O5 electrodes due to incorporation of IrO2 in the SnO2–Sb2O5 coating during its preparation.     

Ag掺杂Ti/PbO2电极的制备及其在苯酚降解中的应用

使用化学还原和电沉积的方法制备了单质银（Ag）掺杂的Ti/PbO₂电极（Ti/Ag-PbO₂）。在保持镀银液浓度一定的条件下,通过改变镀银的时长制备出三种银含量的钛基体二氧化铅电极（Ti/Ag1-PbO₂、Ti/Ag2-PbO₂、Ti/Ag3-PbO₂）。利用X射线光电子能谱（XPS）和X射线荧光光谱分析（XRF）确定了PbO₂电极中Ag的价态和掺杂量。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和X射线衍射（XRD）结果表明,Ag掺杂未明显改变电极的表面形态和晶型。根据涂层附着力测试试验发现,掺银PbO₂电极与基底之间有更好的结合力,电极使用寿命提高了约2.5倍。电化学交流阻抗谱（EIS）和循环伏安法（CV）测试结果表明,Ag的掺杂大幅降低了PbO₂电极的电荷转移电阻,提高了电极的电催化活性。利用掺银量2.7%（质量分数）的Ti/PbO₂电极降解100mg/L的苯酚水溶液,相较常规Ti/PbO₂电极,完全降解时间缩短了33.3%,降解能耗下降了34%。     

电催化氧化技术处理氨基甲酸酯类农药废水

应用自制装置对氨基甲酸酯废水的电催化氧化处理进行了研究,实验了阳极板种类、电流密度、电催化氧化时间、电极间距离、废水pH值等对CODCr去除效果的影响,确定了最佳的处理条件:以涂层Ti/IrO-RuO作阳极,不锈钢作阴极;在电流密度为20 mA/cm2;电催化氧化时间为4 h;电极间距离为2 cm;废水pH值在7~8之间,废水CODCr去除率达85%,B/C由0.03提高到0.71,经液谱及液质分析主要有毒污染源得以去除。     

Ti/IrO_2-RuO_2电极降解苯酚红废水

利用热分解法制备Ti/IrO_2-RuO_2电极,以该电极为阳极处理苯酚红(PR),并优化其最佳处理条件。结果表明:在电流密度为15 mA·cm-2、电解质Na2SO4浓度为6.0 g·L-1、废水溶液起始pH=7、反应温度为40℃时,处理120 min后PR废水的降解率为74.5%。     

DSA电极电催化氧化降解四环素废水工艺优化

以盐酸四环素(TC·HCl)为研究对象,钛基钌铱涂层(IrO2-RuO2/Ti)为阳极,钛板为阴极,电催化氧化降解TC·HCl模拟废水,探讨了初始质量浓度、电流密度、pH、电解质硫酸钠浓度对电催化降解TC·HCl效率的影响。结果表明,电催化氧化可有效降解水中的TC·HCl。提高电流密度,降低TC·HCl初始质量浓度、电解质硫酸钠浓度,可增大TC·HCl去除率。反应的前90 min,pH对去除率无影响,反应90 min后降解效果出现明显差别,pH为3、7和12时,反应300 min去除率分别为92%、100%和72%。降解过程遵循一级反应动力学模型。通过综合各工艺参数下的去除率、能量消耗和电流效率,得出最佳工艺参数为:TC·HCl初始质量浓度300 mg/L、电流密度10 mA/cm2、硫酸钠浓度0.05 mol/L、pH=7,在该条件下反应180 min后TC·HCl去除率达94%。该实验结果为电化学处理制药工业废水提供了基础数据和科学参考。     

Influence of rare earths doping on the structure and electro-catalytic performance of Ti/Sb-SnO2 electrodes

Rare earth Ce, Eu, Gd and Dy doped Ti/Sb-SnO₂ electrodes were prepared by thermal decomposition and the performance of electrodes for the electro-catalytic decomposition of a model pollutant (phenol) was investigated. Phenol degradation and TOC removal followed pseudo-first-order kinetics in the experimental range, with the maximum rate achieved using Gd-doped electrode and the minimum rate obtained by Ce-doped electrode. Electrodes were characterized by cyclic voltammetry, X-ray diffraction, electron dispersive spectrometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was suggested that the enhanced performance of the Gd-doped Ti/Sb-SnO₂ electrode arose from the increased adsorption capacity of hydroxyl radicals on the electrode surface and the lower mobility of oxygen atoms in SnO₂ lattice. The redox couple of Ce⁴⁺/Ce³⁺ on Ce-doped Ti/Sb-SnO₂ electrode surface functioned as mediators in the electrochemical oxidation process, allowing oxygen transfer in the SnO₂ lattice, and lowered the electro-catalytic ability of the electrode on phenol mineralization.     

Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Production from Aqueous Solution Containing Cyanide Using Bi2MNbO7 (M = Al, Fe, Ga, In) Films on Stainless Steel as Photoanodes

Photoelectrochemical water splitting (UV–Vis, 2.5 V) from alkaline solution containing cyanide was evaluated in a conventional two-compartment electrochemical cell by using Bi₂MNbO₇ (M = Al, Fe, Ga, In) films on AISI/SAE 304 stainless steel as photoanode and a silver plate as cathode. The films were prepared by sol–gel dip-coating followed by a thermal treatment at 500 °C. They were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence. During the photoelectrochemical process, both circulating current and hydrogen production were measured. Changes in cyanide concentration were determined by potentiometric titration. The activity of Bi₂MNbO₇ films was higher or equivalent than that of TiO₂ film and dependent on the electrolyte composition and concentration. The obtained results make further work on the subject very encouraging.