高层钢框架的非线性分析模型

本文提出了对高层钢框架考虑材料非线性和几何非线性的分析方法。几何非线性分析模型包括考虑杆件大变形和框架结构在受力状态下的任意大变形平衡。杆件大变形效应包括轴向力弯曲刚度,杆端大侧移,杆端大转角,杆件大应变以及它们之间的相关作用。本文还讨论了切线刚度矩阵中非线性项的几何意义。并利用考虑了几何非线性和材料非线性的分析模型编制了电算程序,该程序能追踪位移与外力关系的全过程。     

竖向荷载下半刚接组合框架的有限元分析

为了分析连接弯矩-转角关系和荷载大小对组合框架性能的影响,该文采用有限元方法,考虑了连接弯矩-转角关系、楼板的组合效应和几何非线性的影响,通过引入能直观反映连接刚度的端部约束系数来修正现有刚接框架的结构刚度矩阵和杆件固端力。研究表明:连接弯矩-转角关系对框架内力和位移影响较明显;在半刚接阶段0.143相似文献   

框筒结构简化非线性单元模型

框筒结构因能够利用结构的整个宽度抵抗侧向荷载引起的倾覆弯矩在高层建筑中得到了广泛的采用。按照三维空间框架结构对框筒结构进行非线性分析需要很大的计算量。将结构作为整体考虑能够减少计算量,但由于梁柱构件的柔性,结构中出现的剪力滞效应使得分析变得复杂。该文通过采用等效连续化方法得到的剪力滞系数,在Timoshenko 梁理论及多垂直杆单元模型的基础上,提出一个框筒结构简化非线性单元模型。该模型能够考虑腹板和翼缘板的剪力滞效应,计算量大为减少,可用在初步设计对框筒结构的非线性性能进行快速的评估。     

考虑杆件失稳的单层网壳结构二阶计算方法

针对目前普遍采用的二阶分析方法存在的问题, 分别推导了考虑梁柱效应的受拉与受压杆件的位移插值函数。利用级数展开, 提出了同时适用于受拉与受压情况、考虑梁柱效应的杆件失稳前计算模型。引入杆件失稳判别条件与杆件失稳后计算模型, 建立了考虑杆件失稳的单层网壳结构二阶分析计算方法。算例分析表明:该文方法能较好体现二阶效应与杆件失稳对结构位移与承载力的影响, 具有较高的计算精度与效率。不考虑杆件失稳会高估结构承载力, 不考虑二阶效应无法准确计算结构响应, 因此对单层网壳结构进行分析计算时应考虑杆件失稳, 且采用二阶分析方法。     

不锈钢焊接截面简支梁非线性变形性能研究

为研究不锈钢梁非线性变形性能,对5根不锈钢焊接工字形截面梁开展三点弯曲加载试验。建立了考虑不锈钢材料非线性、构件几何初始缺陷和截面焊接残余应力的有限元模型,根据试验结果对数值模型的准确性进行验证。基于验证的有限元模型,对中国CECS 410《不锈钢结构技术规程》和Real-Mirambell建议的不锈钢梁挠度计算方法进行分析。在此基础上,根据平截面假定和不锈钢应力–应变关系曲线,提出不锈钢梁截面屈服弯矩M_0.2的简化计算公式;考虑截面焊接残余应力对梁初始变形刚度的不利影响,提出针对不同材料牌号梁变形刚度的折减系数建议取值,对CECS 410和Real-Mirambell的挠度计算方法进行修正。分析结果表明,修正公式能够准确合理地计算不锈钢焊接工字形梁的挠度。     

双重弯剪型抗侧力结构的屈曲及其二阶效应

该文采用连续模型对刚度和轴力均匀的双重弯剪型抗侧力结构的屈曲进行分析,得到了计算临界荷载的精确公式。公式表明:双重抗侧力结构总的临界荷载是两个结构作为独立结构时各自临界荷载的简单相加,与竖向荷载在两个结构上的分布无关。对在均布水平荷载和顶端竖向集中荷载共同作用下的双重弯剪型结构进行了二阶分析,得到了弯曲侧移、剪切侧移、总侧移及其两个结构中的弯矩的二阶效应放大系数,并提出了简化计算公式。该公式用于顶部侧移计算非常精确,用于下部侧移计算精度良好且偏于安全;该公式也可以用于子结构整体弯矩的计算,子结构是框架的情况下也可以用于框架柱柱端弯矩的放大计算,在下部2/3高度范围内偏于安全。整个解析解的推导过程表明,这些放大系数也与竖向荷载在两个结构上的分布没有关系。     

自复位支撑-钢框架结构直接基于位移的支撑参数设计与分析

该文提出了预压碟簧自复位耗能（PS-SCED）支撑-钢框架结构的等效阻尼比公式并验证其合理性,在此基础上,采用直接基于位移的抗震设计方法对一6层PS-SCED支撑-钢框架结构的支撑参数进行设计并分析。结果表明,不考虑等效阻尼比设计的支撑刚度偏于保守,支撑承载力需求偏大,而考虑等效阻尼比设计的支撑刚度和承载力需求更小且能使结构满足预定的性能目标;在相同性能目标下,支撑刚度比对结构的位移响应影响不大,按照所提出的刚度比区间设计的支撑参数能使结构满足变形限值要求。     

预应力连续组合梁负弯矩区抗弯承载力分析

预应力钢-混凝土连续组合梁具有承载力高、变形小等诸多优点,作为一种新型的横向承重构件,在工程中得到了广泛的使用。其负弯矩区承载能力计算与变形分析是其设计的关键,目前规范还是空白。因此,有必要对其刚度、变形及抗弯承载力进行研究。该文基于换算截面法,引入混凝土参与受拉工作的程度系数,确定了组合梁截面抗弯刚度,进而推出了预应力钢-混凝土连续组合梁负弯矩区的弹性抗弯承载力计算公式;基于简化塑性理论,得到了负弯矩区的极限抗弯承载力计算方法;研究表明连续组合梁能够显著提高截面刚度与减少开裂。该文公式计算结果与实测值均吻合较好,满足工程精度要求。     

考虑柱纵向钢筋屈曲特征的修正材料本构模型

纵筋屈曲会加速钢筋混凝土（RC）柱峰值后承载力退化，在钢筋的材料本构关系中合理地考虑屈曲效应是RC柱的有限元模型可信的基础之一。Gomes等提出的屈曲钢筋材料本构模型（G-A模型）力学概念清楚，但两个基本假定存在明显误差。在OpenSees平台上，采用基于纤维截面的集中塑性铰非线性梁柱单元对24个钢筋试件的屈曲受力性能循环加载试验进行模拟。基于有限元计算结果，对G-A模型采用的全截面塑性弯矩M_p、忽略杆件轴向变形的几何关系进行了误差分析。通过回归分析，建立了修正G-A模型。研究结果表明，屈曲钢筋试件关键截面的应力分布与G-A模型的全截面塑性基本假定差别较大，忽略轴向变形影响会导致屈曲钢筋跨中侧向位移计算结果存在误差。原始G-A模型的模拟效果较差，修正G-A模型对全截面塑性弯矩、几何关系均进行改进，其计算精度明显提高。     

框-剪结构剪力墙可中断高度的分析研究

基于钢筋砼杆件截面的轴力-弯矩-曲率关系,建立了考虑杆件P-Δ效应和剪切变形且能分析结构极限状态的非线性有限元法。将剪力墙当作特别杆单元,对不同高度、配筋、轴压比和刚度特征值的中断剪力墙的框-剪结构进行了静力弹塑性分析。设定可中断剪力墙高度的条件。计算表明:上部剪力墙中断的相对高度值的决定因素为结构顶部的位移;相对高度值与配筋和轴压比无关;与结构高度关系较小;随着刚度特征值的增加,相对高度值随之增加,并给出了两者之间的表达式。     

Flexural performance of FRP reinforced concrete beams

A numerical method for estimating the curvature, deflection and moment capacity of FRP reinforced concrete beams is developed. Force equilibrium and strain compatibility equations for a beam section divided into a number of segments are numerically solved due to the non-linear behaviour of concrete. The deflection is then obtained from the flexural rigidity at mid-span section using the deflection formula for various load cases. A proposed modification to the mid-span flexural rigidity is also introduced to account for the experimentally observed wide cracks over the intermediate support of continuous FRP reinforced concrete beams.     

Analytical model for the torsional response of steel fiber reinforced concrete members under pure torsion

Rausch space truss theory (1925) is the earliest theory to predict the torsional response of RC members subjected to pure torsion. Softened truss theory proposed by Hsu considering the softening effect of concrete fairly estimates the torsional strength of the members under pure torsion. These theories consider the member to be a cracked one, so that the truss action activates. This assumption reduces the initial torsional stiffness of the cross-section. However the model proposed by Hsu considering the softening effect of concrete fairly estimates the ultimate torque carrying capacity of the RC member. Fiber reinforced concrete is a better option in the construction of blast resistant and earthquake resistant structures. Relatively little research has been reported on the analytical studies of SFRC members subjected to pure torsion. Thus in this paper an attempt has been made to develop an analytical model for predicting the torque–twist response of SFRC members subjected to pure torsional loads considering the softening effect of concrete. Experimental validation was also presented in this paper.     

Flexural strength of reinforced concrete T-beams with steel fibers

The ultimate strength of reinforced concrete T-beams reinforced with conventional steel bars and short discontinuous steel fibers are studied. It is found that the presence of steel fibers reduced effectively the deflection, width of cracks and also improved the ductility and flexural rigidity of the concrete beams. Hence, an appreciable increase to the ultimate compressive strain is observed as well as the increase in the ultimate compressive strength. These are reflected by an increase in the value of the compressive block parameters. In addition, an increase in tensile strength is achieved and a rectangular tensile stress distribution is proposed. It was found that a negligible difference in moment capacity between overreinforced and underreinforced concrete beams. Therefore, it may be economical to use more amount of tension reinforcement than that allowed by the codes. Theoretical equations are developed to calculate the ultimate strength of reinforced concrete T-beams taking into account the effect of amount of compression reinforcement and amount of steel fibers. Theoretical equations show good agreement when compared with experimental results.     

混合配筋钢纤维增强混凝土梁受弯承载力试验及理论计算

为研究玻璃纤维增强聚合物复合材料(GFRP)筋与普通钢筋混合配筋钢纤维增强混凝土(SF/混凝土)梁的受弯性能及其受弯承载力计算方法,在考虑受拉区混凝土抗拉强度的基础上,给出混合配筋SF/混凝土梁的界限配筋率及受弯承载力计算公式;在此基础上设计制作了三种配筋方式的SF/混凝土梁,重点探讨了混合配筋率及筋材面积比(A_f/A_s)对试验梁失效模式和受弯承载力的影响;同时,借助已有相关试验结果,对比分析了混凝土强度对混合配筋SF/混凝土梁受弯性能的影响。试验和对比分析结果表明:混合配筋SF/混凝土梁正截面应变仍符合平截面假定;相同配筋形式下,混合配筋SF/混凝土梁的受弯承载力和跨中挠度随筋材面积比A_f/A_s的增加而增大;单层配筋梁的受弯承载力比双层配筋梁大;合理提高混凝土强度可在充分发挥GFRP筋抗拉作用的同时进一步提高混合配筋SF/混凝土梁的受弯承载力;采用本文给出的界限配筋率公式能有效预测混合配筋SF/混凝土梁的失效模式;梁受弯承载力建议公式的预测值与试验值吻合较好,具有良好的适用性。      

Repair of heat-damaged RC shallow beams using advanced composites

Several repair techniques for restoring the structural capacity of heat-damaged high-strength reinforced concrete shallow beams using advanced composites are proposed. A series of 16 under-reinforced concrete hidden beams were cast, heated at 600°C for 3 h, repaired, and then tested under four point-loading. Tests were conducted to study the effectiveness of externally applied composite materials on increasing the flexural capacity of beams. The composites used include high strength fiber reinforced concrete jackets; ferrocement laminates; and high-strength fiber glass sheets. The beams repaired with steel and high performance polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete jackets regained up to 108 and 99% of the control beams’ ultimate load capacity, with a corresponding increase in stiffness of up to 104 and 98%, respectively. The beams repaired with fiber glass sheets and ferrocement meshes regained up to 126 and 99% of the control beams’ ultimate load capacity, with a corresponding increase in stiffness of up to 160 and 156%, respectively. Most of the beams repaired showed a typical flexural failure with very fine and well-distributed hairline cracks in the constant moment region.     

Optimal efficiency factor in strut-and-tie model for FRP-reinforced concrete short beams with (1.5 < <Emphasis Type="Italic">a/d </Emphasis>< 2.5)

A new model for the efficiency factor of the concrete strut in the strut-and-tie model is proposed in this study for FRP-reinforced concrete short beams with (1.5 < a/d < 2.5). The ultimate load capacity of tested FRP-reinforced short beams was evaluated using the proposed model along with other models for the efficiency factor used in strut-and-tie models of design codes such as the ACI, CSA, and AS3600. It was found that efficiency factor models used in existing reinforced concrete design codes do not predict the ultimate load capacity of FRP-reinforced short beams as accurately as they do for steel-reinforced short beams. This can be attributed to not accounting for the effect of the shear span to effective depth ratio, a/d and the axial stiffness of the flexural reinforcement on the efficiency factor of the concrete strut in reinforced concrete short beams. Ultimate shear load capacity predictions by the proposed model were in agreement with experimental data obtained on 15 GFRP and CFRP-reinforced concrete short beams tested in the laboratory. The proposed model for the efficiency factor was shown to be statistically more accurate yielding the lowest standard deviation and coefficient of variation compared to those of the ACI, AS3600, and CSA A23.3 models. It was also found that shear equations recommended for FRP-RC beams by design guidelines such as the CSA S806-02, ISIS, JSCE, and ISE render very conservative predictions of the ultimate load capacity of FRP-reinforced short beams.     

Serviceability Limit State criteria based on steel–concrete bond loss for corroded reinforced concrete in chloride environment

This paper will focus on the study of reinforced concrete beams stored in a chloride environment for a period of 14–23 years under service loading. According to the experimental results, a Serviceability Limit State (SLS) criteria is proposed based on an excessive steel–concrete bond reduction. Corrosion of reinforcement in chloride environment leads to a specific local steel cross-section loss as well as a steel–concrete bond loss. Experimental results have shown that, in the first stage of corrosion propagation period, the deflection is more sensitive to chloride-induced corrosion than the ultimate capacity due to the effect of the tension steel–concrete bond loss even if both are correlated. Given this high sensibility of the bending stiffness to corrosion pitting attacks, it appears that a Serviceability Limit State (SLS) criteria based on excessive deflection of structural members is an adequate factor for SLS assessment. Later in corrosion propagation period, when the bond is already significantly reduced, only the ultimate capacity is affected by the steel cross-section loss. This does not affect the serviceability, because pitting attacks are very localised with an insignificant influence on the global deflection. Then, once the steel–concrete bond is lost in critical parts of the beams (high bending moment areas), pitting corrosion propagation does not affect anymore serviceability (stiffness reduction, bending or corrosion cracks patterns) but still leads to an ultimate capacity reduction, which is not acceptable. As a result, excessive steel–concrete debonding can be considered as the SLS criteria.     

Shear behaviour of steel fibre reinforced self-consolidating concrete beams based on the modified compression field theory

A series of steel fibre reinforced self-consolidating concrete (SFRSCC) beams have been tested to investigate the influence of steel fibres and the combined effect of fibres and stirrups on the deflection and cracking, ultimate loads and failure pattern. The experiment indicates that the shear strength increases clearly with the increasing of fibre content. The combination of steel fibres and stirrups demonstrates a positive composite effect on the ultimate load, ductility and failure pattern of concrete beam. This study also examines the feasibility of applying the modified compression field theory (MCFT) for the suitable assessment of shear resistance in fibre and steel rebar reinforced self-consolidating concrete beams. For fibre reinforced concrete member, a theoretical method is proposed based on the MCFT. The proposed ultimate shear capacity model was verified by the comparison with different test results.     

型钢再生混凝土框架-再生砌块填充墙结构恢复力模型试验研究

对7榀1/2.5比例单层单跨型钢再生混凝土框架-再生砌块填充墙模型进行低周反复荷载作用下的抗震性能试验研究,分析了墙体设置形式、填充墙砌块强度、拉筋构造形式、轴压比以及墙体宽高比等设计参数对该种结构抗震性能的影响。研究了模型的典型破坏形态、荷载-位移曲线、承载能力以及位移延性等。结果表明:试验模型的典型破坏形态均符合“强柱弱梁”的破坏模式,框架部分的破坏程度随墙体全高填砌而减轻;在框架中加设墙体后可明显提高结构承载力和初始刚度,墙体填充率越大、填充墙砌块强度越高、拉筋间距越小、轴压比越高、墙体宽高比越大,结构承载力与初始刚度提高越明显;结构的位移延性均值达到6.26,高于钢筋再生混凝土框架-填充墙、普通钢筋混凝土框架-填充墙以及钢筋混凝土异形柱框架-填充墙等结构,抗倒塌能力较强。在试验研究的基础上,通过有限元与试验结合的方法,建立了相应的四折线恢复力模型,可用于型钢再生混凝土框架结构的弹塑性地震反应分析。