Progress in fluidized bed assisted abrasive jet machining (FB-AJM): Internal polishing of aluminium tubes

This paper deals with the internal finishing of tubular components made from a high strength aluminium alloy (AA 6082 T6) using a fluidized bed assisted abrasive jet machining (FB-AJM) system.Firstly, a Taguchi's experimental plan was used to investigate the influence of abrasive jet speed, machining cycle, and abrasive mesh size on surface roughness and material removal trends. Secondly, the leading finishing mechanisms were studied using combined 3d profilometer-SEM analysis to monitor the evolution of the surface morphology of machined workpieces. Finally, the circumferential uniformity and precision machining of the inner surface of workpieces were tested by evaluating the values of the more significant roughness parameters in different circumferential locations.Consistent trends of surface roughness vs. operational parameters were measured, and significant material removal was found to affect the workpieces during machining. As a result, FB-AJM was found to preferentially machine the asperities and irregularities of the surface, thereby altering the overall surface morphology producing more regular and smoother finishing. Moreover, the good circumferential uniformity and machining accuracy FB-AJM guarantees even on ductile aluminium alloy workpieces ensure that this technology can be applied to a diverse set of industrial components.     

基于拟合车削的内螺旋滚道成型方法研究

针对滚珠丝杆副的关键结构内螺旋滚道难加工、加工成本高等问题,提出了一种拟合车削的新型加工工艺,并构建了一个经济型的内螺旋滚道加工系统.通过拟合车削算法生成拟合车削点,圆弧形车刀以拟合车削点为基点进行层层拟合车削,从而完成内螺旋滚道的加工.经加工试验,该系统的加工精度为0.001mm,经该系统加工的内螺旋滚道的表面粗糙度可达Ra0.8,证明该加工工艺的可行性并具有较大的应用价值.     

Investigation of the finishing characteristics in an internal tube finishing process by magnetic abrasive finishing combined with electrolysis

In this research, the finishing characteristics in a tube's internal finishing process using the method of magnetic abrasive finishing (MAF) combined with electrolysis has been studied. Electrolysis produces an aluminium oxide film that accelerates the removal of the initial hairline morphology on the surface. Subsequently, the film is removed with MAF. This process significantly minimises the surface roughness in a reduced time. The way the finishing conditions, such as the pole–pipe gap, iron particle size and abrasiveness combinations, and processing time affected the surface morphology in the MAF machining process has been particularly examined. The surface roughness was measured and images of the finished surfaces were recorded to study the morphology changes. Prolonged electrolysis finishing was seen to deepen the oxidation film and pits, which adversely affects the surface. This evidence suggests that the pit residuals contribute to higher surface roughness values.     

高温合金脉冲电化学复合抛光实验研究

电化学机械复合抛光是近年来发展起来的一种抛光新技术。针对粗糙表面的高效抛光问题,提出一种两阶段的电化学机械复合抛光和纯机械抛光相结合的方法。论述了脉冲电化学机械复合抛光加工的实验设备,进行了系统的工艺参数实验研究;用方差分析的方法分析了各参数对加工试件表面粗糙度影响的显著性,得出最佳的工艺参数;详细分析了不同磨头加工时各参数对表面粗糙度的影响规律。实验研究表明,利用脉冲电化学机械复合抛光的加工方法,采用各种类型的阴极工具头,可实现镜面加工。     

Ultra-precision machining of Fresnel microstructure on die steel using single crystal diamond tool

With the increasing demand for the replication of structured optical elements such as Fresnel lenses and prism arrays, more attention is being paid to the development of ultra-precision diamond machining technology for the fabrication of die steel molds. However, the machining process would be a catastrophic failure because of rapid and excessive tool wear if a diamond tool is used to machine die steel. In the present paper, a micromachining method for fabricating microstructures on die steel using single crystal diamond tool is presented. The presented technology is based on a thermochemical technique that uses plasma nitriding treatment to suppress the rapid and excessive tool wear in the diamond machining of steel. Experimental findings revealed that severe chemical tool wear, which is the main wear mechanism in the diamond machining of steel, was reduced significantly after plasma nitriding treatment, and a mirror-quality surface with an average surface roughness of 20 nm root-mean-square (RMS) was achieved over a cutting distance of approximately 5.4 km. Furthermore, a Fresnel microstructure with surface roughness RMS better than 40 nm was precisely fabricated on AISI 4140 die steel using single crystal diamond tool.     

Machining performance on hybrid process of abrasive jet machining and electrical discharge machining

To develop a hybrid process of abrasive jet machining (AJM) and electrical discharge machining (EDM),the effects of the hybrid process parameters on machining performance were comprehensively investigated to confirm the benefits of this hybrid process.The appropriate abrasives delivered by high speed gas media were incorporated with an EDM in gas system to construct the hybrid process of AJM and EDM,and then the high speed abrasives could impinge on the machined surface to remove the recast layer caused by EDM process to increase the efficiency of material removal and reduce the surface roughness.In this study,the benefits of the hybrid process were determined as the machining performance of hybrid process was compared with that of the EDM in gas system.The main process parameters were varied to explore their effects on material removal rate,surface roughness and surface integrities.The experimental results show that the hybrid process of AJM and EDM can enhance the machining efficiency and improve the surface quality.Consequently,the developed hybrid process can fit the requirements of modern manufacturing applications.     

弯管磁粒研磨的差异化加工工艺试验研究

根据弯管冲蚀破坏处的特点,提出一种新的差异化加工工艺。利用机械手的灵活性,在弯管加工过程中改变弯管内外侧的加工间隙,实现弯管内壁的差异化研磨,提高其表面质量。结果表明:在加工时间为75 min,弯管内外侧加工间隙均为2.0 mm时,弯管外弧的内表面粗糙度从0.70 μm下降到0.34 μm,弯管内弧的内表面粗糙度从0.82 μm下降到0.32 μm;在差异化研磨时,弯管外侧加工间隙为1.5 mm,内侧加工间隙保持为2.0 mm不变,弯管外弧的内表面粗糙度从0.70 μm下降到0.26 μm,弯管内弧的内表面粗糙度从0.82 μm下降到0.29 μm。差异化研磨可有效提高弯管的内表面质量。      

电火花线切割5083Al合金的实验研究和参数优化(英文)

通过实验分析,优化电火花线切割5083 Al合金的工艺参数。基于Taguchi优化法,将脉宽、脉间、峰电流和线张力作为输入参数进行了系列实验。将表面粗糙度和切割速度作为响应,基于信噪比,测定了输入参数对响应的影响。通过Taguchi优化方法,得到了最大切割速度和最小表面粗糙度的最佳加工参数。再采用附加的模型预测可能的加工组合。最后,通过使用Pareto优化法,得到一个简明的工艺参数表。     

激光干涉技术在粗糙度测量中的应用

在机械加工中,金属物体的表面粗糙程度往往会影响加工零件的许多性能,所以针对粗糙度的检测是非常重要的。粗糙度的测量方法很多,但许多是接触式测量,不够方便快捷,并有可能对工件表面造成一定的损伤。针对非接触式的粗糙度测量方法,利用激光干涉技术对金属表面进行粗糙度测量,搭建一整套检测系统,并利用改进的滤波技术提高粗糙度的检测精度。     

磨粒流抛光阀块内孔道的数值模拟与试验研究

针对液压阀块孔道内部结构复杂难以进行精密加工的问题,提出利用磨粒流精密抛光技术来实现加工工艺。使用流体仿真软件Fluent进行数值模拟,研究进口压力、磨料浓度、磨粒粒度等对磨粒流加工效果的影响。以液压阀块内的孔道为研究对象,对不同的进口压力、磨料浓度、磨粒粒度下内孔道磨粒流的速度、湍流动能、静压、壁面剪切力进行仿真,得出结论：当入口压力为8 MPa、磨料浓度为0.1、磨粒粒度为200目时,阀块内孔道的抛光效果较好。以该参数进行相应的磨粒流加工实验,结果表明：阀块孔道内壁面的表面粗糙度明显降低,提高了孔道内壁面的表面质量。     

内置式MQL喷射特性对车削GCr15轴承钢的影响

微量润滑(MQL,Minimum Quantity Lubrication)加工作为绿色切削技术,其应用逐渐广泛。相对于外置式MQL,内置式MQL具有渗透性好、切屑影响小、效率高等特点。为了寻求出内置式MQL的喷射特性对加工的影响规律,开发了车削内置式MQL系统,设计了四因素三水平的正交实验。以切削力和表面粗糙度为评价指标,切削液流量、空气流量、可生物降解润滑油及切削速度为变量,沿后刀面喷射,进行了车削GCr15轴承钢的正交实验,分析了喷射参数对加工的影响规律,并得到了优化的喷射参数,对机械加工工程应用具有参考意义。     

Influence of the stress,strain, and temperature on the surface roughness of an AlSl 52100 steel due to an orthogonal cut

In recent years, the finite element method (FEM) has become the main tool for simulating the metal cutting process because research based on trial and error is time consuming and requires high investment. Early studies were done by different investigators. In this research AISI 52100, hardened steel (62 HRC) was selected for an orthogonal machining process as well as metal cutting simulation using the software DEFORM-2D. This software is based on a forging process and has been adapted to an orthogonal machining process. The results of simulated cutting forces were compared with experimental cutting force data to validate the orthogonal cut simulation. Also, the surface roughness was measured, and the influence of the stress, strain, and temperature on the surface roughness was studied.     

Influence from production parameters on the surface roughness of a machined short fibre reinforced thermoplastic

Machining is a relatively new manufacturing method for short fibre reinforced thermoplastics (SFRTP), and the theory and experience from other materials cannot be directly applied. It is therefore necessary to set up new guidelines for how to ensure a satisfactory result from the machining. Experiments were carried out to study how the surface roughness of a SFRTP, machined by turning, was influenced by variations of the feed rate, the cutting speed, the tool radius, the fibre orientation and the interactions between them. The roughness increased for an increasing feed rate and a decreasing tool radius. These parameters interacted, which shows the difficulty of deciding the setting of the production parameters by trial-and-error. Interaction also results in more complicated guidelines for the machining. A slight influence on the roughness was found for low cutting speeds, whereas higher speeds had no significant influence. The roughness was found to be independent of the fibre orientation. The overall conclusion was that it seemed to be possible to set up guidelines for an optimal machining of SFRTP. These recommendations differ from the theoretical ones applicable for the machining of metals.     

A genetic algorithmic approach for optimization of surface roughness prediction model

Due to the widespread use of highly automated machine tools in the industry, manufacturing requires reliable models and methods for the prediction of output performance of machining processes. The prediction of optimal machining conditions for good surface finish and dimensional accuracy plays a very important role in process planning. The present work deals with the study and development of a surface roughness prediction model for machining mild steel, using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The experimentation was carried out with TiN-coated tungsten carbide (CNMG) cutting tools, for machining mild steel work-pieces covering a wide range of machining conditions. A second order mathematical model, in terms of machining parameters, was developed for surface roughness prediction using RSM. This model gives the factor effects of the individual process parameters. An attempt has also been made to optimize the surface roughness prediction model using Genetic Algorithms (GA) to optimize the objective function. The GA program gives minimum and maximum values of surface roughness and their respective optimal machining conditions.     

Characterization of the transition from ploughing to cutting in micro machining and evaluation of the minimum thickness of cut

When the machining process is miniaturized two process mechanisms, ploughing and chip formation, are essential and a critical cutting thickness needs to be exceeded so that not only ploughing will occur but chips will also be formed. The ploughing effect thereby influences the chip formation process, workpiece surface roughness, burr formation and residual stress state after processing and is therefore of great interest. In order to optimize the machining process a better understanding of the minimum thickness of cut is crucial.The changes in surface topography along the cutting track occurring during machining with a constant feed rate of the cutting tool were analyzed. The influence of the built-up edge phenomena on the micro machining process was investigated for normalized AISI 1045 using confocal white light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore the sin²ψ-method was applied in order to study the residual stress state in the workpiece surface induced by the machining process. Both surface layer properties investigated, surface roughness and residual stresses, show a characteristic transition indicating a change in the dominating process mechanisms. Based on these results a model is developed to determine the minimum thickness of cut. The minimum thickness of cut is found to significantly decrease with higher cutting velocities and to moderately increase with higher cutting edge radii. In addition a propagation of error for the values obtained with the model was performed, proving the quality of the model developed.     

电化学机械复合抛光不锈钢板

设计了电化学机械复合抛光装置、工具，研究了加工电压、磨轮压力与加工速度的关系，加工电压对表面粗糙度的影响。     

电解研磨复合加工技术在孔后处理中的应用

电解研磨复合加工方法是把电解加工和研磨加工结合起来，利用中性电解液通以适当的电流，在磨料研磨和电解溶解共同作用下，对零件进行快速、高效的精密加工。把这一加工技术运用于孔后处理中，对该技术的工艺原理、表面粗糙度的影响因素、加工精度及金刚石磨头的使用寿命等方面进行了研究分析。试验结果表明，该技术能有效去除孔加工后的变质层（如再铸层等），降低表面粗糙度值，降低或消除残余应力，提高表面质量。     

基于磁力研磨加工的法兰类零件表面质量的试验研究

管道、管件或器材连接处所使用的法兰盘在加工时因其内表面会产生微裂纹、褶皱等缺陷,导致使用寿命下降。用传统的抛光工艺难以实现对法兰盘管内表面的光整加工,使用磁力研磨加工工艺却可以很好地解决这一难题。通过对XK7136C数控铣床的主轴进行改造而成的研磨试验平台,其磁极主轴在给定数控程序的走刀路径下,带动侧面开槽的磁极进行转动,从而实现磁性磨粒对法兰盘管内表面光整加工的目的。对磁研磨法加工法兰盘管内表面的原理及磁性磨粒的受力情况进行了的分析,试验结果表明:法兰盘零件弯管内表面经过研磨后,原有的表面质量明显改善,表面粗糙度的值由3.46μm降低到1.18μm,验证了磁力研磨对法兰盘管内表面的光整加工效果良好。     

不锈钢表面的电化学机械复合抛光

介绍了一台由立式铣床改装的电化学机械复合抛光装置。讨论了加工电压、磨轮压力与加工效率的关系以及加工电压对表面粗糙度的影响。     

电解研磨扩孔新技术研究

电解研磨扩孔是在吸收电解磨削、电解珩磨和金刚石类磨具研磨等技术优点的基础上开发的一种能浮动定心的高效、低成本的孔后处理加工技术。对该技术的工艺原理、表面粗糙度的影响因素、加工精度及磨具电极的使用寿命等方面进行了研究分析。试验结果和初步应用表明，该技术能有效去除孔加工后的变质层(如再铸层等)，改善表面粗糙度，降低或消除残余应力，提高表面质量。