利用热重-红外联用对生物质热解特性研究

采用热重-红外(TG-FTIR)联用技术研究不同升温速率对生物质热解特性影响。以氮气为载气,在室温和600℃区间,以3种升温速率(10,30,50℃/min)对生物质试样(麦秆)进行热解实验,确定了生物质起始分解温度,热解失重主要发生在快速热解阶段,升温速率越高,热解起始温度和失重速率越大;热解气体通过FTIR分析结果表明,热解初始阶段的气态产物主要是水蒸气和少量的CO及CO2,随着温度的升高,热解的主要气态产物变为CO、CO2、CH4以及小分子烃类。     

利用热重-红外联用对生物质热解特性研究

采用热重-红外(TG-FTIR)联用技术研究不同升温速率对生物质热解特性影响。以氮气为载气,在室温和600℃区间,以3种升温速率(10,30,50℃/min)对生物质试样(麦秆)进行热解实验,确定了生物质起始分解温度,热解失重主要发生在快速热解阶段,升温速率越高,热解起始温度和失重速率越大;热解气体通过FTIR分析结果表明,热解初始阶段的气态产物主要是水蒸气和少量的CO及CO2,随着温度的升高,热解的主要气态产物变为CO、CO2、CH4以及小分子烃类。     

基于正交实验对宁东煤热解条件的研究

采用正交实验设计方法和热分析法,用热分析仪研究了宁东三种煤样在不同升温速率和加热终温条件下的热解失重情况,综合评定了宁东煤热解过程中的失重率。通过方差分析表明:加热终温和煤种是影响煤热解时失重率的主要因素,加热速率对失重率影响不明显。实验结果对于进一步研究煤热解过程中产物的产率、产物分布及高附加值化学产品的获得具有指导作用。     

西部煤的热解特性及动力学研究

采用热重和红外分析法从升温速率与样品粒径的相关性等方面对平朔煤和神东煤的热解特性进行研究,并从动力学上进行分析.结果表明,随升温速率增大,煤样热解反应的初始温度、终止温度以及最大失重速率对应的温度都逐渐升高,但对粒径较小的煤样来说,这些特性温度增加的幅度较大,而最大失重率没有表现出一定的规律性;煤样粒径对热解也有一些影响,但最大失重速率与样品粒径的关系不大.随升温速率增大,热解活化能和频率因子呈现出先增大后减小的趋势.     

大庆油页岩热解特性及动力学研究

采用热分析方法对大庆油页岩热解特性进行研究,考察了升温速率和热解终温对油页岩热解特性的影响.结果表明,温度是影响热解的最主要因素,随着温度的升高,挥发分产率增大;随着升温速率的增大,油页岩的热解特征温度和最大热解速率都明显提高.根据热失重曲线建立了大庆油页岩热解动力学模型,采用傅立叶红外光谱分析对油页岩及热解半焦官能团变化情况进行分析,发现油页岩的主要官能团与煤接近;随着热解终温的升高,半焦含氧官能团的吸收峰逐渐减弱.     

核桃壳催化热解特性及动力学实验研究

利用TG-FTIR联用技术研究了升温速率和催化剂(γ-Al2O3,KCl和USY)对核桃壳热解失重特性和产物生成的影响,并对热解过程进行了动力学分析。结果表明,核桃壳热解主要失重发生在200~450℃,失重78%~82%;升温速率对热解特性的影响较大,随升温速率的增大,核桃壳热解转化率有所降低,热解起始温度及最大失重峰对应的温度向高温侧移动;核桃壳热解符合一级动力学模型,活化能为58~62 k J/mol。热解的气态产物主要有CO2、H2O、CO、CH4及酸、醛、酮等羰基化合物,催化剂不仅提高了核桃壳热解的转化率,而且改善热解产物的组成与分布。     

呼伦贝尔褐煤热解特性研究

采用热重分析研究了呼伦贝尔褐煤的热解特性,探讨了粒径和升温速率对热解过程的影响,并从动力学上进行了分析.结果表明,随升温速率增加,褐煤的失重率变化不规律,最大失重速率峰对应的温度向高温偏移;随着粒径增大,褐煤的失重率先增加,后降低,最大失重速率峰对应的温度逐渐升高.在280～350℃低温区,随着升温速率的增加,煤样热解...     

煤与生物质共热解的协同特性研究

通过对玉米秸秆和平顶山烟煤在不同粒度及升温速率下的热重分析,说明平顶山烟煤和玉米秸秆最大失重率对应的峰值温度分别为500℃和350℃左右,二者热解温差较大,无法形成协同作用;在达到相同失重量的情况下,热解温度越高,其升温速率也越高。在一定升温速率下,随着粒度的变化,玉米秸秆的热解温度变化不大,而平顶山烟煤的变化相对较大。通过对比实验1(将样品从常温加热至850℃并保温30 min)和实验2(直接放入850℃高温中并保温30 min)的挥发分,说明实验2的挥发性物质比实验1平均值升高约1.75%;随着混合物中煤质量分数的增加,实际挥发物质比理论挥发物质总体有升高趋势,说明生物质的存在对煤的热解有一定程度的协同作用。     

山楂核热解特性及其产物研究

为研究山楂核热解特性及其产物分布规律,在不同升温速率及不同热解终温条件下对山楂核粉末进行热重分析,并用自制小型固定床热解炉对山楂核粉末进行了热解实验,考察了热解终温和升温速率对山楂核热解的三相产物产率的影响,结果表明：热解终温对焦油产率影响不大,对热解气和焦炭产率有显著影响,随着热解终温的提高,焦炭产率降低,而热解气产量增加。同一热解终温条件下,随着升温速率由5℃/min增加到10℃/min,焦油产率增加（热解终温600℃时,增加量约6个百分点）,焦炭和热解气产率降低,并且热解终温越大,升温速率对焦油产率影响越大;同时,提高热解终温和升温速率会使反应速率增大。     

基于热分析法的神府粉煤低温热解影响因素研究

利用TG-DTG热分析仪对神府粉煤热解特性进行实验研究,考察升温速率、煤样粒径和载气流速对神府粉煤热解过程的影响,并通过正交实验确定最大失重速率的最佳条件.热重实验结果表明:升温速率、煤样粒径和载气流速对热解失重均有影响.升温速率和载气流速增大,热解失重量减少.粒径对热解失重率的影响呈抛物线分布,最大热解失重量存在最佳粒径,本实验所研究的粒径小于0.84mm的神府煤,热解过程中最佳粒径为0.25mm~0.42mm.正交实验结果表明:升温速率是影响煤热解过程的主要因素,其次是粒径,载气流速对热解影响最小;当神府煤的煤样粒径为0.25mm~0.42mm、升温速率为30℃/min、载气流速为120mL/min时,热解失重速率最大,为4.95%/min.     

Thermogravimetric analysis of polystyrene: Influence of sample weight and heating rate on thermal and kinetic parameters

This article studies the influence of the heating rate and sample weight on the thermal decomposition of polystyrene (first-order kinetics). For this purpose, the kinetic parameters (i.e., frequency factor and activation energy), variables at the maximum decomposition rate (such as conversion, reaction rate, and temperature), as well as some characteristic temperatures have been determined for a series of experiments where the heating rate varies (0.5–11.5 K/min) and also, the sample weight (6.0–25.1 mg). Some mathematical equations have been developed that allow: (1) evaluation of the activation energy of thermal decomposition by different ways and comparing the results obtained; (2) relating different parameters between themselves, such as the heating rate with the temperature at the maximum decomposition rate or the frequency factor with the heating rate and sample weight. Finally, some theoretical explanations of the variation of thermal and kinetic parameters have been proposed. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

聚苯乙烯热分解反应动力学研究

采用热重法对聚苯乙烯(PS进)行了热分解动力学研究。结果表明:PS呈两段热解,主要发生在340~520℃区间,在该范围内,PS在400~444℃达到最大热解速率;随着升温速率的增加,其最大热解速率对应的峰温有所升高,热解起始、终止温度也相应提高,但最终质量分数基本一致,为4.4%~4.8%。采用等转化率法和比较法求解得到PS热解过程的动力学三因子,其活化能为136.76kJ/mol,指前因子lnA为26~28,动力学机理函数的积分形式为。用反应模型对实验数据进行了模拟,模拟准确度很高,标准偏差为0.048。     

Rapid devolatilization and hydrogasification of bituminous coal

Rapid devolatilization and hydrogasification of a Pittsburgh Seam bituminous coal were studied and an appropriate coal conversion (weight loss) model was developed that accounts for thermal decomposition of the coal, secondary char-forming reactions of volatiles, and homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions involving hydrogen. Approximately monolayer samples of coal particles supported on wire mesh heating elements were electrically heated in hydrogen, helium, and mixtures thereof. Coal weight loss (volatiles yield) was measured as a function of residence time (0–20 s), heating rate (65–10000 °C/s), final temperature (400–1100 °C), total pressure (0.0001–7 MPa), hydrogen partial pressure (0–7 MPa), and particle size (70–1000 μm). Volatiles yield under these conditions increases significantly with decreasing pressure, decreasing particle size, increasing hydrogen partial pressure and increasing final temperature, but only slightly with increasing heating rate. The data support the view that coal conversion under these conditions involves numerous parallel thermal decomposition reactions forming primary volatiles and initiating a sequence of secondary reactions leading to char. Intermediates in this char-forming sequence can escape as tar if residence time in the presence of hot coal surfaces is sufficiently short (e.g. low pressures and small particles well dispersed). Hydrogen at sufficiently high partial pressure can interrupt the char-forming sequence thereby increasing volatile yield. Rate of total product generation is largely controlled by coal pyrolysis while competition between mass transfer, secondary reactions, and rapid hydrogenation affects only the relative proportions of volatile and solid products formed.     

PET和关中麦秆共热解特性及其动力学研究

利用TG-FFIR技术研究陕西关中地区小麦秸秆(麦秆)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)及其两者混合物麦秆-PET(质量比1∶1)在20 K/min的升温速率下的热解行为、主要热解产物、协同效应和动力学.研究结果表明:PET热解初始温度为375℃,最大热失重速率处的温度为454.9℃,失重率为62.87％,其热解残余质量...     

不同无卤阻燃剂对PPO/HIPS合金性能影响研究

制备了不同质量比的聚苯醚/高抗冲聚苯乙烯(PPO/HIPS)合金材料,PPO/HIPS质量比为60∶40时合金的综合性能最佳。研究了不同无卤阻燃剂三苯基氧化膦(PX220)、PX220/三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐(MPP)及红磷阻燃剂(RPM650)对PPO/HIPS合金材料阻燃性能、力学性能及热性能的影响。结果表明:在添加相同质量阻燃剂的情况下,PX220/MPP复配阻燃剂可使PPO/HIPS合金材料具有较高的负荷变形温度和熔体质量流动速率,以及优异的阻燃性能和力学性能;无卤阻燃剂的加入使PPO/HIPS合金的初始分解温度降低,最大热失重速率峰值向低温区移动。     

一种判定RDX热分解机理函数与热安全性的方法

将DSC、TG数据与Malek法相结合研究了RDX的热分解,得到外延起始温度Le0、拐点温度T、峰顶温度Tp、分解终止温度Tf、分解焓变ΔH、表观活化能E、指前因子A、反应级数n、热爆炸临界温度Tb和自加速分解温度TSADT;利用TG热分析得到RDX热分解的起始分解温度T0、质量损失Δm%、最大质量损失速率及对应的温度...     

过氧化氢危险性分析

利用C80微量量热仪对不同浓度过氧化氢在空气气氛中的热分解进行实验研究。通过热分析研究得到了不同扫描速率对过氧化氢热分解的影响以及热分解的活化能、绝热条件下达到最大反应速率所需的时间（TMRad）。 结果表明,随着扫描速率的提高各浓度过氧化氢的初始放热温度和最大放热温度都升高;质量分数为27.5%、50%、70%的过氧化氢热分解的活化能范围分别为51.05～94.30、16.40～66.72、32.50～76.15 kJ/mol;环境温度最高40 ℃下各浓度过氧化氢对应的TMRad分别为26.16、6.74、5.73 h。     

三种典型医疗废物热解过程的差热分析

  用TG-DTA差热热重联用分析仪在升温速率为20 ℃/min、高纯氮气流量为20 mL/min的气氛条件下对输液袋、卫生纸和注射器3种典型医疗废物试样进行了热解实验和差热分析。结果表明,几种试样热解过程均为吸热反应,而且实验测得的DTA曲线的形状比较复杂,对称性较差,基线偏移较大;在医疗废物的热解过程中,最大失重速率发生点的温度一般要比达到瞬时热平衡点的温度稍低。     

Comparative analysis of sublimation and thermal decomposition of TATB

This experimental study investigated the effects of confinement, starting mass, and heating rate on TATB thermal decomposition and sublimation using a combined Thermo-Gravimetric Analyzer and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (TGA/DSC) instrument. The confinement of volatile products was varied using different pinhole sizes with TGA/DSC pans. The measurements showed the open pan experiments without lids/pinholes resulted in complete sublimation of TATB between 320 °C and 360 °C. The heat of sublimation was determined to be 176 kJ/mol (42 kcal /mol), consistent with literature data obtained from other experimental techniques. The use of pinholes suppressed the sublimation of TATB such that the decrease in pinhole size resulted in 1) an increase in the enthalpy of reaction and an increase in the amount of carbonaceous material remaining at the end of decomposition, and 2) convergence of the two peak temperatures corresponding to maximum heat flow and maximum weight loss. Also, a transition from a two-exotherm thermal decomposition behavior towards a single-exotherm occurred as the pinhole size was decreased for a given starting mass or as the starting mass was increased for a given pinhole size. These results indicate the kinetics of TATB sublimation, TATB thermal decomposition, and gas diffusion out of a TGA/DSC pan can all compete and result in significantly different enthalpies, amounts of remaining materials, and peak temperatures depending on the pinhole size and starting mass used in the measurements. The results also indicate precise control of process variables (pinhole size, starting mass, and heating rate) in TGA/DSC measurements is required for thermal safety assessment of explosives.     

Kinetic study of the thermal decomposition of poly(oxypropylene) glycols by differential scanning calorimetry

The thermal decomposition of poly(oxypropylene) glycols was studied under nitrogen and dynamic operating conditions over the temperature range of 320° to 700°K by means of a differential scanning calorimeter. The differential energy losses due to changes in emissivity of the reference and sample pans were computed by modifying the baseline of the thermograms. Kinetic parameters obtained with the help of the Borchardt and Daniels theory indicate that the reaction is zero order and that the activation energy increases with molecular weight of the polymer. The rate of heating of the sample, the rate of flow of nitrogen, and the initial mass of the sample do not have significant effects on the kinetics of the decomposition.