SPS工艺对CuCr/CNTs复合材料组织性能的影响

放电等离子烧结(SPS)工艺可以实现快速烧结成型,且制备出的复合材料致密度高、硬度高、导电和导热性能好、晶粒尺寸均匀.在采用化学气相沉积(CVD)法原位合成分布均匀的CuCr/CNTs复合粉末的基础上,运用不同的SPS工艺制备CuCr/CNTs复合材料.利用扫描电子显微镜、偏光显微镜、数字金属导电率测试仪、微拉伸试验机、显微硬度计等对其组织性能进行表征.结果表明,当烧结温度为750℃,烧结压力为45MPa,烧结时间为10min,升温速率为80℃/min时,制备的CuCr/CNTs复合材料的组织和性能较佳,导电率、硬度和抗拉强度分别为86.8%IACS、95.8(HV)、178MPa.     

PTFE/Cu材料动态压缩特性

通过冷等静压和冷压烧结制备出六种不同密度的聚四氟乙烯（polytetrafluoroethylene,PTFE）/Cu复合材料,并采用霍普金森系统研究了密度和制备方法对PTFE/Cu动态力学性能影响。结果表明,冷压烧结试样在其烧结过程中发生纵向膨胀,导致密度降低,且试样表面生成一层金属膜;冷压烧结试样的动态压缩性能优于冷等静压试样;冷压烧结后的PTFE/Cu材料中PTFE晶体发育更好,对Cu颗粒包裹力更大,界面结合力更高,提升了冷压烧结PTFE/Cu材料的力学性能。     

SPS制备WC弥散强化铜触头材料的研究

通过金相分析和测定材料的密度,硬度的方法,研究了烧结温度和压制方式对SPS烧结所得纯铜试样以及WC含量对弥散强化铜的组织和性能的影响.结果表明:在本实验条件下,烧结温度选择在750℃时,所得纯铜试样的相对密度和硬度最高;采用压力机对粉体进行预压烧结和直接把混合粉体在放电等离子烧结装置上加压烧结这两种加压方式对烧结试样的组织和硬度,相对密度影响不大;WC含量为3%时,所得弥散强化铜的相对密度最高.     

纳米钨铜复合粉末的制备及其烧结行为研究

以钨酸钠和硝酸铜为原料,采用水热合成-共还原法制备钨铜复合粉末,再通过真空热压烧结法制备钨铜复合材料,并研究了钨铜复合粉末的结构形貌,以及经不同温度热处理后钨铜复合材料的显微形貌、物性特征。结果表明:采用水热合成-共还原法可制得粒度尺寸约为70nm且颗粒分布均匀的纳米级钨铜复合粉末。钨铜复合粉末经加压烧结及热处理后可得到W相和Cu相紧密结合、Cu相均匀分布在W相周围的钨铜复合材料,其在热处理温度为950℃时致密度最高,达到99.2%;在热处理温度为800℃时导电率最高,达到46.5%IACS;在热处理温度为900℃时布氏硬度最高,达到HB285。     

钨铜粉末材料烧结-挤压致密化研究

为探索难熔金属和铜粉末混合坯致密化工艺,提出了钨铜粉末材料液相烧结和热静液挤压致密新工艺,经过实验获得了近致密、组织细小、性能优异的复合材料.结果表明,WCu40混合粉末冷压坯的相对密度约为70%,经过液相烧结和热静液挤压,可以获得相对密度大于99.8%的钨铜(WCu38)材料.致密后材料导电率可达到41～48 m·Ω-1·mm-2,硬度可达到HB173～176.     

铜基石墨烯复合材料的制备及性能研究

为了解决铜的硬度等力学性能差的问题,设计了用泡沫铜为基底和催化剂,通过化学气相沉积(CVD)法制备分布均匀的Cu/3DGNs复合材料.经电火花放电等离子烧结(SPS)制备成高强高导的铜基石墨烯复合材料,在保留铜基体优异的导电、导热等性能的同时提高其力学性能.结果表明,采用硝酸清洗,800℃退火30min,反应气体(H_2/Ar/0.95%C_2H_4-Ar混合气体)流量比为80∶4 000∶5sccm,生长温度为1 000℃、生长时间为10s时,制备的石墨烯表面平整、层数较少、覆盖率高、几乎没有缺陷,石墨烯的形貌最佳;采用600℃的烧结温度、25kN的烧结压力、100℃/min的升温速率梯度烧结,制备出的铜基石墨烯复合材料最为致密,性能最优.     

电场活化烧结制备Cu-10Cr-0.5Al_2O_3复合材料

对Cu-10Cr-0.5Al2O3(质量分数,%)混合粉末及球磨复合粉末,采用电场活化烧结技术制备高强高导电铜基块体材料,并研究脉冲峰值电流和通电烧结时间对烧结材料组织和性能的影响。结果表明,随着脉冲峰值电流增大,烧结材料的相对密度和导电率均提高,相对密度最高可达99%,硬度和抗弯强度则先上升后下降。当脉冲电流峰值为2.94 kA时,烧结材料具有较好的综合性能,相对密度、硬度、抗弯强度和电导率分别为97.5%、285HV、911MPa和50IACS%;随着通电烧结时间延长,烧结材料的密度、硬度、抗弯强度和导电率均逐渐上升,但烧结时间过长会引起硬度轻微下降;对Cu-10Cr-0.5Al2O3混合粉末进行球磨虽导致烧结材料的电导率下降,但可显著提高材料的硬度和抗弯强度。     

W-Re高比重合金的SPS烧结

采用放电等离子烧结(SPS)设备制备了W-Re高比重合金,烧结温度为1800℃,烧结压力为40MPa,保温时间为5min。对SPS烧结的W-Re合金试样进行了密度、硬度等性能测试。采用金相显微镜观察试样的金相组织、晶粒大小。结果表明:采用SPS烧结,可以在较低的温度下实现W-Re合金的致密化,并能有效控制晶粒长大,提高材料的硬度。     

烧结温度对SPS制备Ag/La2O3触点材料的影响

采用放电等离子烧结(SPS)技术制备了Ag/La2O3触点材料,研究了烧结温度对其致密度、显微结构及力学性能的影响.结果表明:采用SPS技术制备Ag/La2O3触点材料的工艺中,烧结温度对材料的致密度有着显著的影响,500℃烧结体的致密度最大,达到了97.2%,且试样的抗弯强度最高,约为450MPa;塑性断裂是其主要断裂方式,在不同烧结温度的烧结过程中没有新相出现,La2O3颗粒在银基体中均匀弥散分布.     

放电等离子烧结不同粒径匹配的WC-Co混合粉末

采用一种包括混合粉末真空预处理和放电等离子烧结(SPS)的新型烧结技术,制备超细晶WC-10Co硬质合金块体。采用场发射扫描电镜观察硬质合金的形貌和晶粒组织,采用三点弯曲法测量试样的断裂强度,利用显微硬度仪测量维氏硬度HV30且据此估算试样的断裂韧性KIC,并与真空烧结和直接SPS试样进行对比,同时还研究初始粉末中WC粉与Co粉的粒径匹配对SPS块体的显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,与真空烧结和直接SPS相比,此种方法制备的WC-10Co合金晶粒细小、组织均匀,具有优异的综合力学性能,尤其是强度明显提高,硬度为1608HV30,断裂韧性为14.0MPa.m1/2,横向断裂强度为3100MPa;WC和Co粉末的粒径匹配对SPS块体的显微组织和力学性能具有较显著的影响。     

Superconducting Transition Temperature in YBa2Cu4O8/La2/3 Ca1/3 MnO3 / YBa2 Cu4O8 Heterostructure

YBa2Cu4O8/La2/3 Ca1/3 MnO3/YBa2Cu4O8 （ Y-124/LCMO/Y- 124） heterostructure was prepared by facing-target sputtering technique. The oscillatory superconducting transition temperature was observed when the thickness of LCMO d L is larger than critical thickness d L^CR. The metal-insulator transition temperature can only be detected at d L 〉 d L^CR. The dependence on the spacer layer in LCMO/Y-124 systems suggests strongly the interplay of ferromagnetic and superconducting couplings.     

Visible luminescence of lanthanide ions in Ca3Sc2Si3O12 and Ca3Y2Si3O12

The crystalline materials Ca₃Sc₂Si₃O₁₂ and Ca₃Y₂Si₃O₁₂ were characterized by different crystal structures, as the former is a cubic garnet, while the latter is an orthorhombic compound. We investigated the optical spectroscopy of these materials doped with several trivalent lanthanide ions and compared the results for the two hosts. Polycrystalline samples were prepared by solid state reaction, both undoped and doped with the trivalent lanthanide ions Eu³⁺, Tb³⁺ and Sm³⁺. Emission, excitation and Raman spectra of these materials were measured at temperatures ranging from 300 to 10 K. The optical spectra were assigned and discussed, and the effects of the crystal structure of the host on the spectroscopic behaviour were addressed. The technological potential of these compounds in the field of optical materials and devices was discussed.     

Al2O3La2O3Y2O3/Cu复合材料的电弧侵蚀特性研究

采用喷射沉积和内氧化法制备出Al₂O₃La₂O₃Y₂O₃/Cu复合材料,研究该材料在直流20 V/20 A的工作条件下触点的电弧侵蚀特性,并与Al₂O₃/Cu材料进行了对比分析.利用电子天平、扫描电镜等方法分析电弧侵蚀后触点的质量变化和表面微观结构.结果表明,通过添加Y₂O₃、La₂O₃稀土氧化物颗粒,可有效降低触头材料的材料转移量.Al₂O₃La₂O₃Y₂O₃/Cu材料的抗熔焊性和抗烧损性优于Al₂O₃/Cu材料的性能.在直流阻性负载条件下Al₂O₃La₂O₃Y₂O₃/Cu阳极触头表面形成凹坑,阴极触头表面形成凸起,触点表面显示出浆糊状凝固物和喷发坑等电弧侵蚀形貌特征.      

CaO—SiO2—Na2O—CaF2—Al2O3—MgO保护渣系的Al2O3吸收速率和粘度

采用CaO-SiO2-Na2O-CaF2-Al2O3-MgO渣系,通过测定熔渣的粘度和Al2O3吸收速率,研究连铸保护渣的Al2O3吸收速率与粘度及化学成分之间的关系。在一定条件下,当CaO/SiO2为1.2左右时,粘度达到最小值,Al2O3吸收速率达到最大值,分别为0.10?Pa*s、8.403×10-4?kg*m-2*s-1。随着渣中Na2CO3含量、CaF2含量和MgO含量的增加,粘度减小,Al2O3吸收速率增大。随着渣中Al2O3含量的增加,粘度增大,Al2O3吸收速率减小。粘度为Al2O3吸收速率的主要控制因素。随着熔渣粘度的增加,连铸保护渣的Al2O3吸收速率逐渐减小。     

CaO-La2O3-B2O3-Eu2O3转光玻璃的合成及荧光性质

X射线衍射研究表明CaO-La2O3-B2O3-Eu2O3体系的玻璃化温度在1025℃附近.荧光光谱和ESR谱研究表明,在CaO-La2O3-B2O3-Eu2O3玻璃体系中存在着Eu2+和Eu3+两种价态离子. 316, 360, 379, 394, 413, 462和532nm锐线激发峰和592,616和650红区发射峰分别对应Eu3+的f-f激发跃迁和5D0-7FJ (J=1,2,3)跃迁发射;351nm和427nm宽带激发峰和蓝区发射分别对应Eu2+的5d-4f激发跃迁和发射.     

Fracture Behavior in Cu46.5Zr46.5Al7 and Cu46.5Zr41.5Al7Y5 Bulk Metallic Glasses

The interplay between chemical composition, plastic behavior, and fracture modes of Cu_46.5Zr_46.5Al₇ and Cu_46.5Zr_41.5Al₇Y₅ bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) was investigated by compression tests and fracture surfaces analyses. The aim was to explore the possibility of coupling physical, chemical, and hardness properties, with adequate macroscopic compressive plasticity. Cylindrical test samples, having a height-to-diameter ratio equal to 2, were machined and ground from as-cast bars and were tested in compression between lubricated plates, the displacement being measured by a clip-gage inserted between the plates. Y free BMG engineering stress-strain curves show a plastic behavior consisting of successive sudden stress drops and linear reloading segments. A detailed analysis of these features was performed to yield a correlation between the plastic deformation steps and the released elastic energy associated with each serration.     

CaO--TiO2--Fe2O3三元系中Ca3TiFe2O8的生成机理

钒钛磁铁矿是烧结矿重要的原料之一,Ca₃TiFe₂O₈作为钒钛烧结矿中矿物被发现之后,其生成机理尚不明确.本文采用X射线衍射分析、元素能谱分析和TG-DSC分析相结合的方法,研究了Ca₃TiFe₂O₈的生成机理以及不同温度、CaO与TiO₂含量下Ca₃TiFe₂O₈的生成规律.实验结果表明,Ca₃TiFe₂O₈由Ca₂ Fe₂O₅和CaTiO₃反应生成,即CaO和Fe₂O₃反应生成Ca₂ Fe₂O₅;其后,与CaTiO₃反应生成Ca₃TiFe₂O₈.反应时间越长,Ca₃TiFe₂O₈的生成量越大,但反应温度对Ca₃TiFe₂O₈生成的影响并不明显.另外,还发现CaO含量越高,Ca₃TiFe₂O₈越易于生成,而且等摩尔Fe₂O₃和CaO下只要存在TiO₂,就会有Ca₃TiFe₂O₈生成.      

Effect of Fe2O3 Loading Amount on Catalytic Properties of Monolithic Fe2O3/Ce0.67Zr0.33O2 -Al2O3 Catalyst for Methane Combustion

Ce0.67Zr0.33O2-Al2O3 solid solution was prepared by the co-precipitation method. Fe2O3-based catalysts supported on the solid solution were obtained by the impregnation method. The article revealed that the optimal loading amount of Fe2O3 on Ce0.67Zr0.33 O2-Al2O3 in our experimental condition for catalytic combustion of methane was 8% （ mass fraction）. The prepared catalysts were characterized by BET, TPR, XRD analyses, and their catalytic activity was investigated after being calcined at 873 K and after being aged in water gas at 1273 K. When the loading amount of Fe203 was 8% （ mass fraction）, the catalyst held the highest activity, and the best temperature speciality and thermal stability. The complete-conversion temperature of methane for fresh and aged sample was 788 and 838 K, respectively. The range between the light-off temperature and the complete-conversion temperature was only 15 K. The characterization results of XRD indicated that Fe2O3 was well dispersed on the Ce0.67Zr0.33O2-Al2O3 matrix. The results of BET and TPR were in good harmony with the catalytic activity results.     

Magnetocaloric Effect of Ni56Mn18.8Ga24.5 Gd0.7 Alloy

Inrecent years materials with high magnetocaloriceffect (MCE) have attracted considerable attention ow-ingto its potential application as a magnetic refriger-ant .Many material systemsthat underwentthefirst-or-der magnetic transition have been found to exhibit agiant MCE. Their typical representatives areGd5(SixGe1 -x)4[1 ,2]and La (FexSi1 -x)13[3 ,4]alloys .Ni MnGa is aferromagnetic shaped memory alloy whichundergoes a reversible first-order structural phase tran-sition (SPT) with the …     

Al2O3-V2O5体系的热力学优化

在对Al₂O₃-V₂O₅体系相图、热力学数据以及晶体结构数据进行综述与评估的基础上,采用相图计算方法对Al₂O₃-V₂O₅体系进行热力学优化.液相采用修正的似化学模型进行描述,利用对近似处理液相中存在的短程有序.将液相模型的最大短程有序设置在AlVO₄处,将VO₄3-当作液相中V₂O₅的基本组成单元.体系中AlVO₄相看作线性化合物.计算结果很好的重现了选定的实验数据,获得了一套合理、可靠、自洽的模型参数用来描述体系中各相的热力学性质,为Al₂O₃负载V₂O₅型催化剂催化性能的提高打下坚实的基础.