掺铕铌酸锂晶体的Mossbauer谱

测定了Ｅｕ：ＬｉＮｂＯ３和（Ｅｕ，Ｍｇ）：ＬｉＮｂＯ３的Ｍｏｓｓｂａｕｅｒ谱，并对数据进行了拟合，根据拟合结果和ＬｉＮｂＯ３晶体结构的特征，讨论了Ｅｕ＾３＋晶格中的占位，并以Ｅｕ＾３＋的Ｍｏｓｓｂａｕｅｒ参数为探针，讨论Ｍｇ＾２＋的晶格中的占位。     

表面材质及Mg^2＋对CaCO3结垢的影响

以显微照像技术考察了流动硬水体系中负溶解性盐ＣａＣＯ_３在紫铜、黄铜、铝、铸铁和聚四氟乙烯加热表面的沉积形态，发现在惰性表面的沉积为无定形体，在硬金属表面的沉积为规则的结晶体。以紫铜作实验试件，研究了溶液中Ｍｇ~（２＋）对ＣａＣＯ_３结垢的影响，结果表明适量Ｍｇ~（２＋）可明显抑制结垢生长，说明Ｍｇ~（２＋）可作为一种方便的阻垢剂用于特定场合的钙垢控制。     

新型FED粉( Gd_(2～m)Zn_m)O_3:Eu~(3+)发光性能研究

本文对一种新型红色低压荧光粉（Ｇｄ_２～_ｍＺｎ_ｍ）Ｏ_３：Ｅｕ~（３＋）的光谱特性进行了讨论。研究了不同ＺｎＯ含量、不同烧结气氛对其发光强度的影响。     

铝硅酸溶胶－MgSiF_6－H_3PO_4系统注入固化材的凝集特性

研究了ＭｇＳｉＦ_６、Ｈ_３ＰＯ_４及其加入量对铝硅酸溶胶的凝集特性影响，结果表明：在铝硅酸溶胶中加入ＭｇＳｉＦ_６和Ｈ３ＰＯ_４都会使溶胶系统的胶凝时间缩短，而ＭｇＳｉＦ_６和Ｈ３ＰＯ４的加入量对凝胶强度的影响有一最佳范围。ＭｇＳｉＦ_６和Ｈ_３ＰＯ_４的加入量对铝硅酸溶胶的凝集特性影响的本质是由ｐＨ的变化引起的，而ＭｇＳｉＦ_６的加入降低了液相中Ａｌ~（３＋）浓度，消除了Ａｌ（３＋）的絮凝作用，从而使溶胶得以正常胶凝．     

无机盐对染料与非离子表面活性剂相互作用的影响

用光度法研究了对非离子表面活性剂ＴＸ－１００有盐溶、盐析作用的两种无机电解质（Ｎａ_２ ＳＯ_４和ＫＳＣＮ）对离子染料（漂蓝６Ｂ）与ＴＸ－１００相互作用的影响,得到了３种体系的相互作用常数 Ｋ及临界胶团浓度 ＣＭＣ。对于 ＥＣＡＢ＋ ＴＸ－ １００, ＥＣＡＢ＋ ＴＸ－ １００＋ Ｎａ_２ ＳＯ_４和 ＥＣＡＮ＋ ＴＸ－ １００＋ ＫＳＣＮ ３种体系,其 Ｋ值分别为 ２５５０, ７５３２和２４００ｄｍ_３· ｍｏｌ~（－１）; ＣＭＣ值分别为 ２． ５ × １０~（－４）,１．８７×１０~（－４）和１．８３×１０~（－４）ｍｏｌ·ｄｍ~（－３）。对所得结果作了合理解释。     

共掺ZnO提高LiNbO3晶体中Ho3+分凝系数的研究

在Ｈｏ：ＬｉＮｂＯ３中掺入摩尔分数为６％和ＺｎＯ，生长（Ｈｏ，ＺｎＯ）：ＬｉＮｂＯ３晶体。用电感硝等离子体发射光谱（ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ）法，测定了晶体不同部位Ｈｏ＾３＋的浓度，并计算其分凝系数，共掺ＺｎＯ后，晶体中Ｈｏ＾３＋的分凝系数为０．３提高到０．６，表明Ｈｏ＾３＋在晶体中分布更为均匀。对双掺Ｈｏ和Ｚｎ的ＬｉＮｂＯ３晶体组分均匀性提高的机理进行了探讨。     

Ca8M（SiO4）4Cl2（M=Mg,Zn）中Ce^3＋的发光性质

报道了氯硅酸镁钙Ｃａ８Ｍｇ（ＳｉＯ４）４Ｃｌ２及氯硅酸锌钙Ｃａ８Ｚｎ（ＳｉＯ４）４Ｃｌ２中Ｃｅ＾３＋的发光特性，研究并分析了Ｃｅ＾３＋在这两种材料中的激发光谱，发射光谱及荧光衰减特性，在ＵＶ辐射激发下，Ｃｅ＾３＋发射出强的蓝紫光。室温下Ｃｅ＾３＋在两种材料中的荧光寿命分别为６１ｎｓ和４４ｎｓ。     

选择性螯合滴定法测定工业硫酸镍中的镍

本文提出用氟化物、柠檬酸（ｃｉｔｒｉｃａｃｉｄ）简称ＣＩＴＲＡ和Ｎａ４Ｐ２Ｏ７掩蔽Ｆｅ＾３＋１、Ａｌ＾３＋、Ｃａ＾２＋、Ｍｇ＾２＋、Ｚｒ＾４＋、Ｔｉ＾４＋、ΣＲＥ＾３＋（稀土元素）和Ｍｍ＾２＋等，用ＥＤＴＡ螯合Ｎｉ＾３＋，以二甲酚橙与溴化烷基吡啶（简称ＸＯ－ＣＰＢ）为混合指示剂，用Ｃｕ＾２＋标准溶液返滴定法测定工业硫酸镍中的镍。终点颜色变化敏锐、清晰。实际应用表明，本法具有简便、快速和准确度高。     

稀土氧化物（REO_x）对Ni／SiO_2甲烷化活性影响

实验发现稀土氧化物（Ｐｒ_６Ｏ_（１１）、Ｎｄ_２Ｏ_３、Ｓｍ_２Ｏ_３）能增加Ｎｉ／ＳｉＯ_２催化剂甲烷化性能。通过程序升温还原（ＴＰＲ）、Ｘ－粉末衍射（ＸＲＤ）、扫描电镜（ＳＥＭ）等实验手段对催化剂结构、物理化学性质、载体－助剂－金属三者间的相互作用进行了研究，发现ＲＥ~（３＋）与硅胶表面Ｓｉ－ＯＨ基反应，减少了镍与硅胶间的相互作用，使ＮｉＯ晶粒变小。     

废水中氨的除去及回收利用

介绍了用化学沉淀剂（Ｍｇ（ＯＨ）２＋Ｈ３ＰＯ４）除去和回收废水中的氨,讨论了不同的ｐＨ值,Ｍｇ（ＯＨ）２与Ｈ３ＰＯ４配比及初始氨浓度对除氨效率的影响。     

Measurement and correlation of the individual ionic activity coefficients of aqueous electrolyte solutions of KF,NaF and KBr

Ion selective electrodes were used to measure the activity coefficients of individual ions at 298.2 K in aqueous solutions of KF, KBr and NaF up to 3, 2 and 1 molal, respectively. The mean ionic activity coefficients of the electrolytes obtained from the values of individual ions show good agreement with values reported in the literature. The experimental results confirm that the activity coefficients are different for the anion and the cation in an aqueous solution of a single electrolyte. It is also confirmed that the deviation from ideality for each ion depends on its counterion. The Khoshkbarchi—Vera equation was used to correlate the experimental data.     

The absorption and release of silver and zinc ions by chitosan fibers

When chitosan fibers were treated with AgNO₃ and ZnCl₂ solutions, the silver and zinc ions were chelated by chitosan through the amine groups in the fibers. These novel metal ions can be released into the solution when the silver‐ and zinc‐containing fibers are placed in contact with normal saline. Results showed that the silver‐containing chitosan fibers have good antimicrobial properties, while the zinc‐containing fibers can be used to deliver zinc ions in wound care applications. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 766–771, 2006     

氯盐环境下粉煤灰及矿粉对砂浆性能的影响

主要研究了氯盐环境中掺粉煤灰和矿粉的砂浆性能.通过测试在氯化钠和氯化钙溶液浸泡之后的水泥砂浆的自由氯离子浓度和总氯离子浓度,研究了矿物掺合料对氯离子结合能力的影响,结论表明随着矿物掺合料掺量的增加,砂浆的氯离子结合能力也会提高.基于RCM法检测了砂浆的氯离子扩散系数,结果表明粉煤灰和矿粉均可以提高混凝土的抗氯离子渗透性,并且矿粉对抗氯离子渗透性的改善作用更显著.基于氯盐结晶、氢氧化钙溶出、Friedel's盐角度,分析砂浆孔隙率变化的原因,结论表明氯盐会导致砂浆孔隙率增加,而矿物掺合料则可以减小由氯盐引起的孔隙率增加的作用.     

Effect of hydroxyl ions on chloride penetration depth measurement using the colorimetric method

In this paper, the effect of hydroxyl ions on chloride penetration depth measurement using the colorimetric method was studied. Equivalent silver nitrate solution (i.e. Ag⁺ = Cl⁻) was added to the NaCl + NaOH solution with different concentrations, then the amount of precipitated silver chloride and silver oxide were determined by chemical methods, and the color of the precipitated products was examined. Results show that the amount of silver chloride formed decreases linearly as OH⁻ to Cl⁻ ratio (r) increases. Thus, the chloride concentration at color change boundary changes with the pH value of the concrete. AgCl has a white color, while Ag₂O has a dark brown color. When the value of r exceeds 4, the color of the mixture looks brown, and color change boundary cannot be easily distinguished.     

海泡石处理含镉废水技术研究

对海泡石去除废水中镉离子的方法进行了实验探讨。结果表明．海泡石对去除水中的镉离子具有较好的作用,可以将含Cd^2 10mg/L的水净化至0．1mg／L以下,去除率达到了99％以上,海泡石与含(Cd^2 溶液的作用时间、海泡石用量、水中(Cd^2 浓度以及酸度等因素都会影响(Cd^2 的去除效果。海泡石去除(Cd^2 的机理是基于吸附和离子交换共同作用。其吸附交换容量为Y(mg／g)=X／(0．052X 0．047)。     

海藻酸钠与钙或锌离子吸附平衡过程研究

使用原子吸收分光光度法测定了海藻酸钠对锌、钙离子的吸附平衡过程。试验结果表明,海藻酸钠对钙离子的结合能力较强,对锌离子的吸附容量较高。吸附平衡热力学数据表明海藻酸钙体系较为稳定;混合离子吸附的试验结果表明对钙、锌离子的选择性系数为1.35;钙锌离子交换试验表明钙离子与锌离子在海藻酸古洛糖醛酸片段的离子交换会影响锌离子与甘露糖醛酸片段的结合。     

Voltammetric and Raman microspectroscopic studies on artificial copper pits grown in simulated potable water

Artificial copper pits were prepared by electrochemically oxidising 60–80 m diameter copper wires embedded in an epoxy resin over periods of 12–14 h. The electrolyte matrix consisted of various combinations of approximately 40 ppm unbuffered solutions (pH = 6–8) of sodium salts of Cl^–, HCO₃ ^– and SO₄ ^2– that are similar in concentration to what are found in potable water supplies in many metropolitan areas throughout the world. It was found that in the concentrations used for the study, HCO₃ ^– and to a lesser degree Cl^– had a positive affect on preventing pit growth under potentiostatic control, with both anions causing passivation of the copper metal. On the other hand, SO₄ ^2– was found to be very aggressive to copper dissolution and led to the formation of relatively deep pits (about 0.5 mm). Raman microspectroscopic analyses were performed on the freshly prepared undried caps that formed at the top of the pits and allowed the identification of several corrosion products by a comparison with standard copper mineral samples. The most complicated cap structure was observed in the presence of all three anions with distinct regions of the pit corresponding to cuprite (Cu₂O), eriochalcite (CuCl₂ · 2H₂O), atacamite and/or botallackite [Cu₂Cl(OH)₃] and brochantite [Cu₄(SO₄)(OH)₆].     

Nanohydroxyapatite as a Biomaterial for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration after Mechanical Damage—In Vitro Study

Hydroxyapatite has been used in medicine for many years as a biomaterial or a cover for other biomaterials in orthopedics and dentistry. This study characterized the physicochemical properties (structure, particle size and morphology, surface properties) of Li⁺- and Li⁺/Eu³⁺-doped nanohydroxyapatite obtained using the wet chemistry method. The potential regenerative properties against neurite damage in cultures of neuron-like cells (SH-SY5Y and PC12 after differentiation) were also studied. The effect of nanohydroxyapatite (nHAp) on the induction of repair processes in cell cultures was assessed in tests of metabolic activity, the level of free oxygen radicals and nitric oxide, and the average length of neurites. The study showed that nanohydroxyapatite influences the increase in mitochondrial activity, which is correlated with the increase in the length of neurites. It has been shown that the doping of nanohydroxyapatite with Eu³⁺ ions enhances the antioxidant properties of the tested nanohydroxyapatite. These basic studies indicate its potential application in the treatment of neurite damage. These studies should be continued in primary neuronal cultures and then with in vivo models.     

非金属矿物材料处理含铅废水影响因素探讨

对海泡石除铅离子的 条件及机理进行了实验探讨。结果表明，海泡石对去除水中的铅离子具有较好的作用。可以将含Pb^2 10mg/L的水净化至0．05mg/L以下，去除率达到了99％以下，海泡石与含Pb^2 溶液的作用时间、海泡石用量、水中Pb^2 浓度以及酸度等因素都会影响Pb^2 的去除效果。