弹道坐标中三维鲁棒非线性导引律

本文针对机动目标拦截问题,考虑导弹控制系统动态特性及其不确定性,利用分块反步设计思想,结合输入-状态稳定性理论,在弹道坐标系中设计了一种三维非线性鲁棒导引律.与大多数已有的导引律相比,本文直接地在弹道坐标系中设计导引律,并且所设计的导引律可有效克服控制系统动态特性和不确定性对制导效果的影响,理论分析和数值仿真表明,本文设计的导引律对目标机动和控制系统所受的外来有界扰动均具有较强的鲁棒性.     

一种基于零脱靶量的最优制导律设计

基于导弹和目标的三维相对运动关系,提出了一种三维非线性的最优制导律.在导弹和目标的三维相对运动方程的基础上,区别于以往的以视线角和视线角速率作为状态变量的方法,而采用以相对距离和相对速度作为状态变量的方法建立了一种新的状态方程,然后基于零脱靶量的思想,利用最优控制相关理论,设计了一种三维非线性的最优制导律.分别针对匀速运动的目标和大机动目标,用所设计的制导律和比例导引律分别进行了数学仿真,结果表明,所设计的最优制导律能有效地拦截机动目标,其性能优于比例导引律.     

自动驾驶仪动特性的局部收敛变结构导引律

针对拦截弹末制导全局收敛设计难度大等特点,在考虑导弹自动驾驶仪动态特性的前提下,提出局部收敛的变结构导引律.在设计过程中,先对局部收敛稳定性理论进行数学描述,然后将控制系统分解为两个子系统,且只考虑视线角速率的变化,使得设计过程大大简化,设计的导引律有效地克服了自动驾驶仪动态延迟对制导精度的影响.仿真结果表明,在目标做正弦机动,自动驾驶仪存在较大滞后情况下,局部收敛变结构导引律仍具有较高的制导精度.     

一种新型滑模变结构导引律的研究

针对导弹拦截问题,在非线性系统滑模变结构控制理论的基础上,提计出一种新型滑模变结构导引律;该导引律将目标机动视为干扰,而且仅利用了目标加速度界限的信息,在拦截过程中不需要精确的测量目标加速度,因此该导引律对目标机动具有较强的鲁棒性;在执行上,只用到了视线角速率,因而实现简单;仿真结果表明,所提出的导引律在脱靶量、拦截时间等方面优于比例导引律。     

一种新型自适应RBF神经网络滑模制导律

针对导弹拦截问题,提出一种自适应RBF神经网络滑模制导律．首先根据准平行接近原理和变结构控制理论设计滑模面,然后将滑模面作为RBF神经网络的输入变量,输出量即为导弹的加速度．为了使得导弹系统能够到达滑模面,采用自适应算法实时在线调整RBF神经网络的连接权值．该导引律将目标机动视为干扰量,在拦截过程中不需要测量目标加速度,因此该导引律对目标机动具有较强的鲁棒性．在执行上,只用到了视线角速率,因而实现简单．仿真结果表明,所提出的导引律和比例导引相比在脱靶量、拦截时间等方面有了很大的提高．     

一种分数阶修正比例导引律

针对导弹的机动目标追踪问题,本文提出了一种基于分数阶微积分的修正比例导引律(modified proportional navigation law based on fractional calculus,FO-PPN).通过选取Lyapunov-like函数,从理论上证明了FO-PPN制导下的理想导弹能够击中带有时变法向加速度的机动目标.仿真结果表明,修正后的比例导引律在保持原有追踪性能的同时,还可以有效改善传统比例导引下导弹在命中点处法向过载突变的不足.     

红外制导导弹最优导引律工程实现方法研究

为了研究提高导引精度,用最优控制理论推导出的最优比例导引律,给出了一种只需目标视线角速率信息的最优比例导引律工程实现方法,方法不需要最优比例导引律中的相对速度、目标加速度和剩余时间等信息,与基于小离轴角的假设推导得出的经典的比例导引律相比,可满足近距格斗导弹大离轴发射和攻击高机动目标的要求。经仿真结果证明,最优比例导引律的工程实现方法尤其适合不带测距功能的红外制导导弹,与需要剩余时间估计算法的方法相比具有更强的工程可实现性。     

改进的考虑自动驾驶仪动态特性的有限时间滑模导引律

为减小导弹自动驾驶仪延迟特性对制导精度的影响,考虑到实际战争中制导末段时间很短,推导了考虑导弹动态特性的有限时间收敛的制导数学模型;其次根据滑模控制理论设计了基于该数学模型的导引律;证明了所设计的导引律在制导系统中有限时间稳定;为削弱滑模导引律的抖振现象,利用双曲正切函数改进了导引律。仿真表明:改进的导引律在目标做非机动和机动的情形下均能在有限时间内快速跟踪目标的运动,并保持较高的制导精度。     

基于红外成像导引头的切换制导律设计

根据对红外成像导弹多模制导技术研究的现有成果,设计了适合红外成像导引头的制导律.分析了红外成像导引头不同阶段的成像特点,根据这些特点选择相应的制导律.这些制导律很好地弥补了红外成像导引头的成像缺点,并结合弹道交接算法完成制导功能.数字仿真验证了切换制导控制导弹攻击大机动目标较比例导引有更小的脱靶量和更平滑的弹道.结果表...     

攻击大机动目标的变结构末制导律设计

研究优化末制导的性能问题,针对导弹动态系统的非线性关系,通过分析导弹和目标的相对运动系统状态方程的可观性,为了攻击大机动目标,提出修正极坐标系,根据非线性系统鲁棒控制理论和滑模变结构理论来设计导弹的末制导律,实现对目标机动加速度的界进行在线估计,同时保证系统稳定.把制导律应用于导弹系统并进行仿真,结果表明,导弹和目标的视线角速度趋于零,从而保证目标拦截成功.证明导弹制导算法对大机动目标有较强的鲁棒性,制导律应用于导弹攻击大机动目标是有效的.     

A three-dimensional robust nonlinear terminal guidance law with ISS finite-time convergence

This paper presents a novel three-dimensional nonlinear terminal guidance law with finite-time convergence for intercepting manoeuvring targets. Different from the usual method of decoupling the missile-target relative motion into two-dimensional planes, this law is designed via using the coupled dynamics. The guidance law is derived based on the theory of finite-time input-to-state stability (ISS), which needs no assumption of the linearisation and the estimation of target accelerations. Under this law, the line-of-sight angular rates can be stabilised to a small domain of convergence around zero in finite time. The convergence rate and convergence domain can be adjusted by changing the guidance parameters. First, a sufficient condition on finite-time ISS of the guidance system is given, and is subsequently used to design the guidance law. Finally, simulation results are provided to show that the proposed guidance law possesses fast convergence rate and strong robustness to target manoeuvres.     

对地垂直俯冲攻击制导技术研究

建立了三维空间导弹和地面机动目标相对运动的模型。设计了非线性接近制导律和非线性垂直俯冲攻击制导律,从理论上分析了制导系统的稳定性和精度。该制导律所需测量的目标信息少,易于工程实现。数值仿真表明,在地面目标作复杂机动的情形,导弹仍能精确命中。     

含攻击角约束的网络化弹药分布式模糊协同制导律

在舰炮网络化弹药打击近岸机动目标的末制导段,提出了一种考虑攻击角约束的有限时间分布式模糊协同制导律.构建网络化弹药–目标相对运动模型,设计扩张状态观测器估计目标的切向、法向加速度.在视线切向,为保证命中时刻在有限时间内趋于一致,采用积分滑模设计分布式有限时间协同制导律;在视线法向,为在有限时间内零化视线角误差、视线角速率并改善控制指令终端发散现象,采用非奇异终端滑模设计两阶段制导律.为削弱控制指令抖振、补偿干扰,设计模糊自适应系统,并通过Lyapunov理论证明了全系统状态的一致最终有界性与有限时间收敛性.仿真实验表明:该制导律使网络化弹药在打击机动形式不同的目标时,均具备较好的协同制导性能.     

Design of sliding mode guidance law with dynamic delay and impact angle constraint

A sliding mode guidance law with dynamic delay and impact angle constraints is designed for the relative motion between the missile and the target in the intercepting plane. First of all, the missile’s first order dynamic delay is involved into the system model to design the guidance law based on sliding mode variable dynamic method. Secondly, the target’s maneuvering is taken as the system disturbance, and a non-homogeneous disturbance observer is applied to estimate such maneuvering in finite time rapidly, which, through dynamic compensation, realizes the missiles precision attack to targets of different maneuvering at a desired line-of-sight (LOS) angle. Finally, numerical simulations are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the designed guidance law.

     

拦截导弹自适应滑模制导律

针对平面拦截问题,提出了一种具有强鲁棒性的自适应滑模制导律。首先从一般意义上进行自适应控制律的推导,并给出了稳定性证明。该控制律可适用于系统存在有界外部干扰和结构摄动的情形。将拦截导弹的控制系统动态考虑到制导律的设计当中,进行了弹目相对运动关系的建模。该模型可适用于所推导的一般控制律结果,满足相应的非奇异条件。针对所推导的自适应滑模制导律,并进了数字仿真和分析。结果表明该制导律具有优良的弹道特性,可实现对连续高机动目标的有效拦截,同时具有较低的机动性能要求。     

Integrated Game Based Guidance with Nonlinear Autopilot Design for Maneuvering Target Interception

The integrated game theory based guidance law with nonlinear autopilot (GGNA) system is presented in this paper. The guidance law is designed based on linear differential game theory while considering the motion of the target in 3‐D space such that the distance between the missile and the target is minimized faster than before. The autopilot system based on quaternion representation is developed using sliding mode control method to generate the attitude command. The stability of the integrated guidance and nonlinear autopilot system is analyzed with Lyapunov stability theory. In addition, this research assumes wingless missiles in our context in order to reduce the nonlinear effect from the aerodynamics. Furthermore, in order to extend the operation range of missiles from endo‐atmosphere to exo‐atmosphere, the missiles are equipped with Thrust Vector Control (TVC) mechanisms and Divert Control System (DCS). Finally, extensive simulations incorporating aerodynamic models are demonstrated to verify the validity of the proposed integrated guidance/autopilot systems. Moreover, the simulation results reveal that the mission of intercepting a maneuvering target is successfully accomplished.     

Three‐dimensional nonlinear H∞ guidance law

This paper proposes a novel three‐dimensional missile guidance law design based on nonlinear H_∞ control. The complete nonlinear kinematics of pursuit–evasion motion is considered in the three‐dimensional spherical co‐ordinates system; neither linearization nor small angle assumption is made here. The nonlinear H_∞ guidance law is expressed in a simple form by solving the associated Hamilton–Jacobi partial differential inequality analytically. Unlike adaptive guidance laws, the implement of the proposed robust H_∞ guidance law does not require the information of target acceleration, while ensuring acceptable interceptive performance for arbitrary target with finite acceleration. The resulting pursuit–evasion trajectories for both the H_∞‐guided missile and the worst‐case target are determined in closed form, and the performance robustness against variations in target acceleration, in engagement condition, and in control loop gain, is verified by numerical simulations. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Sliding Mode Guidance Law Considering Missile Dynamic Characteristics and Impact Angle Constraints

In order to improve the precision of guidance for the missile intercepting maneuvering targets, this paper proposes a sliding mode guidance law with impact angle constraints based on the equation of the relative motion of the missile and the target in a 2D plane. Two finite-time convergent guidance laws are proposed based on the nonsingular terminal sliding mode, while, two exponential convergent guidance laws involving dynamic delay are developed through applying the higher-order nonsingular terminal sliding mode. The simulations denote that, in all the four scenarios of the target’s maneuvering, the guidance laws are able to inhibit the chattering phenomenon of the sliding modes effectively; and from an expected aspect angle, the missiles could attack the targets with high precision and fast speed.     

基于变速趋近律的离散滑模末制导律设计

针对离散化的末制导模型,基于一种新型离散变速趋近律设计了离散滑模制导律。利用该新型离散变速趋近律的特性消除了视线角速率的稳态振荡,使其渐进地趋于原点,并显著降低了系统抖振。将目标机动视为未知不确定性,采用干扰观测器方法对其进行在线估计和补偿,无需知道不确定性的界,只需知道其变化率有界,且无需满足匹配条件。仿真结果表明,所设计的基于新型离散变速趋近律的滑模制导律对目标机动具有鲁棒性,且无稳态振荡和系统抖振。     

Proportional navigation guidance using predictive and time delay control

A new formulation of the proportional navigation guidance law using the continuous time nonlinear predictive control approach is proposed. The guidance law needs information about the target acceleration for its implementation, which is generally not available. In this paper, this problem is addressed by estimating the target acceleration using the time delay control (TDC). The effectiveness of the guidance law and the estimation of the target acceleration is demonstrated by simulation in a realistic scenario against a highly maneuvering target.