AC600的开发目标及进展

ＡＣ６００是根据世界核电发展趋势和用户要求，结合我国国情和技术基础而开发的中等容量规模、新型的下一代核电站。ＡＣ６００的主要设计特点为：选用先进的堆芯和非能动安全系统，采用二环路标准设计和国际通用设备，以及先进的控制室和模块式建造；同时对现有的系统进行简化，提高核电站的可运行性，降低建造和运行成本。为加速我国下一代先进堆的开发进程，开展了与美国西屋公司的联合经济技术研究。在ＡＣ６００的基础上，开发     

Simulation and test results of low-order band harmonic filters to decrease resonance phenomenon in the KSTAR power system

The superconducting magnet power supply which supplies superconducting magnet coil (SC) with the power to generate plasma during a KSTAR experiment for nuclear fusion research is a nonlinear load. Characteristic harmonics are generally produced since it converts AC to DC using 6 or 12 pulsed operation. However, non-characteristic harmonics or inter-harmonics are generated according to output control characteristics. Also, 95% out of the power generated from superconducting magnet coil is reactive power. Therefore, harmonic and reactive power occurring during operation have some bad influences such as voltage drop, voltage distortion and decrease in power factor on the KSTAR power system, and reactive power compensator (RPC) & harmonic filter (HF) system which is able to compensate harmonic and reactive power at the same time was established and has been operated [1]. However, out of non-characteristic harmonics and inter-harmonics caused by output control characteristics of superconducting magnet power supply, the more compensation volume of the RPC & HF system increases, the more voltage distortion with harmonic expansion is caused by harmonics in a low-order band due to the parallel resonance in a low-order band between the KSTAR power system and the RPC & HF system. As a result, it has serious effect on the injection capacity restriction of the RPC & HF system, the unstable operation control of superconducting magnet coil, and the operation of main cooling facilities. This paper presents reasons of the resonance phenomenon of the KSTAR power system and suggests a design plan of additional facilities for stable operation of the KSTAR power system, and proves their effects through the simulation and test results.     

质子旋磁比精密测量系统

本文描述了用于质子旋磁比精密测量中的计算机控制测量系统,它采用CAMAC数据获取装置,并用HP-85和PDP-11/60计算机进行在线控制、分析,采用RSX11M操作系统,控制软件用FORTRAN语言编写。     

核电站蒸汽发生器冲洗装置控制系统的开发

随着核电站运行和管理水平的提高,蒸汽发生器(SG)二次侧维护越来越受到重视。笔者开发的SG冲洗装置的主要部份是以PLC控制器和交流伺服电机核心组成的高精度运动控制系统。人-机操作界面采用现场操作站和遥控触摸屏相结合的方式,减少操作人员整体辐射水平。同时,该系统还具有事故工况下急停、泥渣收集和运行状态视频监视等功能。最后,提出了利用人工神经网络模型补偿冲洗手臂挠曲和系统运动控制中静摩擦力等造成的非线性影响,进一步提高系统控制精度。系统运行稳定、操作简单。     

HTR-10分散控制系统改造方案设计

10 MW高温气冷堆(HTR-10)的分散控制系统(DCS)执行对HTR-10的运行监测和控制功能.原DCS在设备可靠性、历史数据存储和转换等方面存在不足.根据HTR-10各工艺系统及控制对象的要求,分析了DCS的系统架构、功能和性能指标等;对I/O通道进行配置;提出以施耐德Quantum 67160系列产品为主要模件的多重冗余硬件平台以及分别以UNITY和iFIX作为系统软件平台和组态工具的配置方案;采用PTO模块完成对棒控和装卸料系统控制,使用智能仪表对交流采样方案进行改进,在通信网络中加设逻辑网关的办法实现第三方通信功能.该设计方案可有效解决HTR-10原DCS存在的问题,满足HTR-10对DCS的要求.     

AC600二次侧非能动应急堆芯余热排出系统实验装置调试及其经验

根据ＡＣ６００二次侧非能余动余排出系统实验装置的调试程序，运行规程及调试大纲，进行了该实验装置调试，测试结果表明：ＡＣ６００二次侧非能动余热排出系统实验装置设计是成功的，可以进行ＡＣ６００二次侧非能余热堆芯排出系统实验研究。     

CAMAC插件自动测试系统的软件设计

介绍了CAMAC插件自动测试系统软件的设计,该系统能对5种CAMAC插件功能进行自动测试,操作方便可靠,MS-Windows人机图形界面显著,而且还能对5种之外的CAMAC插件进行手动功能测试。     

Thermal Dissipation Modelling and Design of ITER PF Converter Alternating Current Busbar

Because the larger metallic surrounds are heated by the eddy current, which is generated by the AC current flowing through the AC busbar in the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor(ITER) poloidal field(PF) converter system, shielding of the AC busbar is required to decrease the temperature rise of the surrounds to satisfy the design requirement. Three special types of AC busbar with natural cooling, air cooling and water cooling busbar structure have been proposed and investigated in this paper. For each cooling scheme, a 3D finite model based on the proposed structure has been developed to perform the electromagnetic and thermal analysis to predict their operation behavior. Comparing the analysis results of the three different cooling patterns, water cooling has more advantages than the other patterns and it is selected to be the thermal dissipation pattern for the AC busbar of ITER PF converter unit. The approach to qualify the suitable cooling scheme in this paper can be provided as a reference on the thermal dissipation design of AC busbar in the converter system.     

Vacuum Poloidal Magnetic Field of Tokamak in Alternating-Current Operation

Vacuum poloidal magnetic field of tokamak in alternating-current (AC) operation is investigated. It is found that the vacuum magnetic field in AC operation is qualitatively different from that in direct-current (DC) operation. In the DC case, the vacuum magnetic field varies along the poloidal direction with one period, while in the AC case, the vacuum magnetic field varies along the poloidal direction with two periods. This implies that two sets of vertical field coil may be needed for the AC operation.     

核电厂蓄电池直流系统短路电流的计算方法及其危害分析

直流系统以其固有的供电连续性在核电厂运行中发挥着非常重要的作用,与交流系统相比,直流系统在短路电流计算上所应用的原理和方法上有着显著的不同.国内相关标准和文献中,对直流系统短路电流如何计算虽有描述,但并未对电流的变化曲线和故障的切除时间进行明确的描述,这对直流系统设备选型、故障影响和根本原因分析是不利的.文章参考IEE...     

ISTTOK real-time architecture

The ISTTOK tokamak was upgraded with a plasma control system based on the Advanced Telecommunications Computing Architecture (ATCA) standard. This control system was designed to improve the discharge stability and to extend the operational space to the alternate plasma current (AC) discharges as part of the ISTTOK scientific program. In order to accomplish these objectives all ISTTOK diagnostics and actuators relevant for real-time operation were integrated in the control system.The control system was programmed in C++ over the Multi-threaded Application Real-Time executor (MARTe) which provides, among other features, a real-time scheduler, an interrupt handler, an intercommunications interface between code blocks and a clearly bounded interface with the external devices. As a complement to the MARTe framework, the BaseLib2 library provides the foundations for the data, code introspection and also a Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) server service.Taking advantage of the modular nature of MARTe, the algorithms of each diagnostic data processing, discharge timing, context switch, control and actuators output reference generation, run on well-defined blocks of code named Generic Application Module (GAM). This approach allows reusability of the code, simplified simulation, replacement or editing without changing the remaining GAMs.The ISTTOK control system GAMs run sequentially each 100 μs cycle on an Intel^® Q8200 4-core processor running at 2.33 GHz located in the ATCA crate. Two boards (inside the ATCA crate) with 32 analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) were used for acquiring the diagnostics data. Each ADC operates at 2 Msample/s but (for real-time operation) the acquired data is decimated in real-time on the board's Field-programmable gate array (FPGA) to a frequency defined by the control cycle time.This paper presents the ISTTOK real-time architecture and the human–machine Interface (HMI) for simplified AC discharge programming.     

CT-6B托卡马克的交流运行实验研究

在CT—6B托卡马克上首次实现了多周期交流运行，对多个周期中等离子体进行比较发现，尽管在每个周期的两个半周中等离子体与壁的相互作用有所不同，但等离子体中的杂质积累并未受到严重影响。通过内磁探针测量了等离子体电流密度的分布，发现等离子体电流首先从弱场区开始反相，电流反相过零时同时存在正负局部等离子体电流，此时的磁面结构有效地约束了粒子。     

AC operation of large titanium sublimation pumps in a magnetic field: Results of the test stand for the W7-X neutral beam injectors

A neutral beam injection (NBI) system is being built for the Stellarator experiment Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) currently under construction at IPP Greifswald. The NBI system consists of two injectors which are essentially a replica of the system present in the Tokamak experiment ASDEX-Upgrade at IPP Garching. A vacuum system with high pumping speed and large capacity is required to ensure proper vacuum conditions in the neutral beam line. For this purpose, large titanium sublimation pumps (TSP) are installed inside the NBI boxes, consisting of 4 m long hanging wires containing Ti and the surrounding condensation walls. The wires are DC ohmically heated up with 142 A to Ti sublimation temperature. A TSP system has been operated since many years in the AUG-NBI system, sublimating Ti in the pauses between the plasma discharges, when no magnetic field is present. However, at W7-X the superconducting coils generate a magnetic field permanently during experimental campaigns, whose stray B field with a maximum of 30 mT, affects the TSPs. Operated with DC, the wires would be deflected against the surrounding panels due to the Lorentz force. A simple possible solution is heating with AC, which reduces the wire deflection amplitude, inducing a risky wire oscillation. The feasibility of the AC operation in an equivalently strong B field such as the stray B field around W7-X has been demonstrated in a test stand for different AC waveforms and frequencies. Several test campaigns have shown no qualitative difference in the pumping properties between AC and DC operation of the TSP and no critical dynamic behaviour of the wires.     

LNQ系统失电的风险分析

介绍了秦山第二核电厂常规岛220 V不间断交流电源系统(下称LNQ)功能,并分析了LNQ系统丧失后的后果和对机组潜在的影响,从而寻找出相应的对策,使运行人员在LNQ故障时能够迅速、准确地采取合适的、恰当的处理措施,减轻LNQ失电事故的后果。     

Resonant power supplies for a rapid-cycling accelerator

A resonant power supply has been proposed as an efficient power supply for a future 60-GeV, Kaon-producing accelerator. The engineering design of the electric system of the main-ring power supplies is described. It is shown that the resonant power supply can be built with standard commercially available components. The most critical component is the bypass switch, which requires gate-turn off thyristors, connected in parallel. Standard metal-clad switchgear can be used for the AC system. The resonant power supplies can be fed directly from the 115-kV utility network, but the resonance power supplies draw pulse loads from the utility network. This pulse may produce disturbances. AC filter and reactive power compensation is needed for economical operation     

HWRR控制区排风系统故障树分析

采用故障树分析法对HWRR控制区排风系统进行了分析,计算了排风系统的失效率,分析了影响排风系统失效率的主要因素。分析结果表明,交流母线和检修人员是影响排风系统可靠性的两大主要因素,应该予以重视。     

移动式氦液化器控制系统升级改造

低温超导高频腔技术重点实验室的车载式氦液化器控制系统存在着设备老化、自动化程度不高等缺点.在实验室建设中,对该控制系统进行了一次全面的升级改造.改造后的控制系统采用了分布式的控制策略和成熟的PLC技术,能够很好的满足液化系统自动运行的需要.     

秦山核电厂蒸汽发生器水位控制试验

简要介绍了蒸汽发生器水位控制系统的运行方式和试验方法。试验项目包括旁通阀控制试验、主给水阀控制试验和旁通阀与主给水阀的切换试验。文中给出了试验结果,即在液位扰动和核动率扰动时,蒸汽发生器液位的变化过程。经过两个月的运行和瞬态试验,证明蒸汽发生器水位控制系统满足设计要求。     

AC600非能动安全壳冷却系统的概率安全分析

ＡＣ６００是我国改进型压水堆核电站，本文对其在概念设计阶段的非能动专设安全设施中的安全壳冷却系统进行了概率安全分析（ＰＳＡ）。文中采用故障树技术，定旧计算出了系统的不可用度及置信区间，主要部件故障对不同度的贡献和各组成单元的重要度等，并将计算结果与国内外现有压水堆核电站进行了比较，经比较得出ＡＣ６００采用非能动安全冷却系统，将能明显提高核电站的安全性，可靠性和经济性，由于它是一种新的设计，因此围绕     

Investigation on discharge characteristics of a coaxial dielectric barrier discharge reactor driven by AC and ns power sources

A coaxial dielectric barrier discharge(DBD) reactor with double layer dielectric barriers has been developed for exhaust gas treatment and excited either by AC power or nanosecond(ns)pulse to generate atmospheric pressure plasma. The comparative study on the discharge characteristics of the discharge uniformity, power deposition, energy efficiency, and operation temperature between AC and ns pulsed coaxial DBD is carried out in terms of optical and electrical characteristics and operation temperature for optimizing the coaxial DBD reactor performance. The voltages across the air gap and dielectric layer and the conduction and displacement currents are extracted from the applied voltages and measured currents of AC and ns pulsed coaxial DBDs for the calculation of the power depositions and energy efficiencies through an equivalent electrical model. The discharge uniformity and operating temperature of the coaxial DBD reactor are monitored and analyzed by optical images and infrared camera. A heat conduction model is used to calculate the temperature of the internal quartz tube. It is found that the ns pulsed coaxial DBD has a much higher instantaneous power deposition in plasma, a lower total power consumption, and a higher energy efficiency compared with that excited by AC power and is more homogeneous and stable. The temperature of the outside wall of the AC and ns pulse excited coaxial DBD reaches 158 ℃ and 64.3 ℃ after 900 s operation, respectively.The experimental results on the comparison of the discharge characteristics of coaxial DBDs excited by different powers are significant for understanding of the mechanism of DBDs,reducing energy loss, and optimizing the performance of coaxial DBD in industrial applications.