苹果酒苹果酸乳酸菌顺序发酵工艺的研究

本文对乳酸菌Oenococcus oeni L4在起泡苹果酒(cider)中的具体应用工艺和影响因素进行了研究。结果发现,采用顺序发酵是三种发酵方式中产乙酸的量最少,发酵温度在20℃、接种量为6×105cfu/ml最有利于苹果酸乳酸发酵的进行。研究还发现,在相同的发酵时间内,发酵初始苹果酸含量在6676.95mg/L仍能够顺利完成MLF发酵。在此工艺条件下酿制的苹果酒不仅实现了苹果酸向乳酸的转化,并且苹果酒的口感能够得到较大的改善。     

苹果酒酿造中的苹果酸-乳酸发酵

在苹果酒酿造中进行苹果酸-乳酸发酵,乳酸菌通过分解苹果酸,产生乳酸,引起其他有机酸的变化,使苹果酒的口感、质量得以改善。pH、温度、SO_2、酒度通过影响乳酸菌的活动而影响苹果酸-乳酸发酵的进行。保证苹果酒苹果酸-乳酸发酵进行的条件为:温度16～18℃,总SO_2含量<70mg/L,pH<3.70,酒精体积分数低于13％。     

肠膜明串珠菌在苹果酒苹果酸乳酸发酵中的应用探讨

通过在苹果酒中添加肠膜明串珠菌启动苹果酸乳酸发酵,研究了温度、pH和酒精度等因子对苹果酸-乳酸发酵的影响表明,肠膜明串珠菌能够启动苹果酸-乳酸发酵,其中温度、pH和酒精度均对苹果酒的柔和指数和感官评价有显著影响,不同发酵条件下酿造的苹果酒柔和指数在1.33～7.94之间,感官评分在73.7～91.3之间.添加肠膜明串珠菌后,苹果酸的浓度变化在322.45mg/L～692.44mg/L之间,pH值提高了约0.06～0.11,苹果酒的口感变得柔和,风味得到明显改善.     

葡萄酒苹果酸乳酸发酵研究进展

苹果酸乳酸发酵(Malolactic fermentation,MLF)指在乳酸菌作用下将L-苹果酸脱羧基形成L-乳酸的过程,是葡萄酒生产难以控制的二次发酵过程,主要由酒类酒球菌引起.MLF对大部分红葡萄酒、一些白葡萄酒和汽酒最终的质量有重要的影响.自发进行的MLF结果往往难以预测,甚至引起葡萄酒的腐败.主要阐述引起MLF的微生物、MLF对葡萄酒品质的影响、MLF的生物学、影响MLF的因素、MLF在葡萄酒酿造中的应用等方面的研究现状,以期探索更好的控制MLF的技术.     

苹果酸乳酸发酵的研究进展

苹果酸乳酸发酵是现代葡萄酒、苹果酒酿造工艺中非常重要的二次发酵过程。葡萄酒、苹果酒经过苹果酸乳酸发酵以后 ,原有的酸涩和粗糙感降低 ,而变得柔和、圆润且具有果香味。文中根据国内外研究成果 ,分析总结了苹果酸乳酸发酵的机理并且对苹果酒酿造过程中乳酸菌的一些生长特性进行了阐述。在此基础上 ,论述了现代生物技术在苹果酒和葡萄酒生产中的新应用。     

枇杷酒中苹果酸乳酸发酵优良乳酸菌的分离与鉴定

目的:分离获得高耐受二氧化硫的枇杷酒苹果酸乳酸发酵(MLF)菌,为果酒生物降酸提供优良乳酸菌资源.方法:采用平板划线法,从自然发酵的枇杷酒中分离乳酸菌,并通过耐受性试验筛选优良的MLF乳酸菌;通过形态学特征、生态学特征、生理生化特征和16S rDNA序列同源性分析法对目标菌进行鉴定.结果及结论:R23和R35分别被鉴定为植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum R23)和干酪乳杆菌(Lactobacillus casei R35);R23与R35均具有MLF能力,且可耐受120mg/L的总SO2浓度,是2株优良的枇杷酒MLF菌.     

不同苹果酸--乳酸发酵菌种特性的研究

本实验研究了ML34、31DH和自然乳酸(CK)在宁夏地区的发酵特性,结果表明:三种菌种pH在3.1的条件下不能启动MLF;ML34、31DH在pH3.2、3.3的条件下能顺利启动、完成MLF,pH越高发酵进程越快,CK只有在pH3.3的条件下才能完成MLF,其中31DH对低pH的适应能力最强.ML34、31DH在较低温度条件下均可顺利启动、完成MLF,并随温度的升高发酵进程加快;CK只有在22℃条件下才能完成发酵.三种乳酸菌种对SO2的浓度比较敏感,当SO2的浓度达到14.2mg/L时,ML34、31DH菌种的发酵进程大大减缓;CK不能完成发酵.31DH在本地区表现最好.     

野生猕猴桃酒苹果酸-乳酸发酵优良乳酸菌的筛选与耐受性研究

该研究通过形态观察及生理生化试验,采用酸性番茄（ATB）培养基从自然启动苹果酸-乳酸发酵（MLF）的野生猕猴桃酒中筛选MLF优良乳酸菌,并对其SO2、酒精、pH耐受性进行测定。结果表明,经初筛得到6株乳酸菌,分别编号为R6、R7、R11、R14、R15、R18。其中,菌株R6、R15可耐受SO2 80 mg/L,菌株R7可耐受SO2 100 mg/L;菌株R6、R7可耐受酒精度14%vol,菌株R15可耐受酒精度12%vol;菌株R6、R7可耐受pH 3.2,菌株R15可耐受pH 3.0。综合分析,菌株R6、R7和R15具有较强的SO2、酒精及pH耐受能力,为MLF优良乳酸菌。     

苹果酸-乳酸发酵对军果酒风味的影响

介绍了苹果酸 -乳酸发酵 (简称MLF)的机理、苹果酒发酵过程中苹果酸 -乳酸发酵的控制及苹果酸-乳酸发酵对苹果酒风味的影响     

浅谈苹果酸——乳酸发酵

在苹果酸－乳酸发酵的过程中细菌起的作用比酵母菌大得多。可以用控制苹果酸－乳酸发酵是否继续下去或终止其发酵的方法来改善和修饰葡萄酒的风味。一些可靠的、能够引发苹果酸－乳酸发酵的细菌现已被广泛地使用。在一定程度上,使用它们比使用活性干酵母更方便一些。1 在苹果酸－乳酸发酵期间会发生什么在成熟的葡萄中主要的酸是酒石酸和苹果酸。而未成熟的葡萄中苹果酸占主导,苹果酸是一种比较尖锐、强渗透力的酸,经常会使人想起青苹果,它也是苹果中的主要酸分。在苹果酸－乳酸发酵过程中,细菌使得这种尖锐的苹果酸转化成较为柔和的乳…     

葡萄酒中的乳酸菌

介绍了存在于葡萄酒中的乳酸菌及其在葡萄酒酿造中的作用。影响乳酸菌作用的主要因素包括pH、温度、酒精浓度、SO2、酵母菌、碳水化合物以及游离脂肪酸等。介绍了苹果酸－乳酸发酵的人工控制。     

不同乳酸菌接种量进行苹果酸-乳酸发酵对葡萄酒质量的影响

本文将优良酒类酒球菌茵系SD-2h(Oenococcus oeni)接种到赤霞珠干红葡萄酒原酒中进行苹果酸-乳酸发酵,研究了不同接种量对葡萄酒质量的影响.结果表明,随着接种量的增大,苹果酸-乳酸发酵速度加快,挥发酸逐级升高.不同接种量对葡萄酒的色泽产生不同影响,苹果酸等有机酸含量差异不大,而柠檬酸含量差异显著.     

枇杷酒苹果酸乳酸发酵耐硫优良菌株的筛选

以菌体增长倍数和菌量级别为指标,以Lac101和酒明串珠菌6066为对照菌,考察了从枇杷酒中分离的12株乳酸菌对SO2、乙醇、酸、温度的耐受能力和苹果酸乳酸发酵活力。结果表明,杆菌中的R23与球菌中的R33、R35综合能力最强,可在SO2和乙醇浓度分别为120 mg/L和13%(v/v),pH3.0时维持生长,在18℃下菌量可达109CFU/mL,3菌株的苹果酸乳酸发酵活力均在100u以上,综合性能均优于对照菌Lac101和6066。R23与R33、R35是3株优良的枇杷酒苹果酸乳酸发酵菌株。     

Effects of Inhibitory Environmental Factors on Growth of Oenococcus oeni CCSYU2068 for Malolactic Fermentation of Cider Production

The effects of several inhibitory factors (sulfur dioxide, pH and ethanol) on the growth of lactic acid bacteria and the subsequent malolactic fermentation (MLF) were studied by inoculation of different culture strains of Oenococcus oeni, the major lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in cider production. After comparing their organoleptic properties, three strains of Oenococcus oeni were selected from indigenous and commercial sources and their inhibitory effects on cell growth and MLF examined. The malolactic bacteria expressed variations in tolerance to the environmental conditions of pH, sulfur and ethanol concentration. Isolated from an indigenous cider production facility, O. oeni L4 had a better capacity with constant growth even when the concentration of SO₂ was 50 ppm, ethanol 10% (v/v) and pH 3.0. O. oeni L4 showed better properties for metabolizing the major acids: malic, lactic and acetic acid. The decomposition mean rate of malic acid was as high as 228.52 mg/L per day with a low acetic acid concentration of 101.78 mg/L under the stress conditions of cider production.     

Malolactic Fermentation and Secondary Metabolite Production by Oenoccocus oeni Strains in Low pH Wines

Abstract: Different wine varieties, including some with low pH, were studied to determine the ability to grow and produce secondary metabolites of a previously selected autochthonous Oenococcus oeni strain (C22L9), compared with a commercial strain. Monitoring of malolactic fermentation (MLF) was carried out by microbiological and chemical analysis of wines. The concentration of some major volatile compounds and biogenic amines in wines before and after malolactic fermentation was also determined. The results showed major differences in MLF duration both between wines and strains, although the differences between strains were slight for most of the analyzed compounds. Statistically significant differences in citric acid degradation were found in all wine varieties and it was confirmed that O. oeni C22L9 is a poor degrader of citric acid; this means that MLF can be prolonged without the risk of producing high concentrations of diacetyl and acetoin. Sensory analysis of wines after MLF showed similar characteristics in wines from both strains. This study thus shows that O. oeni C22L9 possesses even better sensory and fermentation properties than the commercial strain and can be used in wines with different characteristics, which makes it highly valuable for industrial use. Practical Application: The increasingly use of grape varieties of low pH in winemaking and the higher alcohol content of wines, as a consequence of the climatic change, make interesting the study of the behavior during MLF of O. oeni strains in order to determine their ability to grow, when growth conditions are not optimal, and to produce secondary metabolites. A comparative study was conducted using an autochthonous O. oeni strain (C22L9) and a commercial O. oeni strain and 4 wine varieties.     

优良梨汁发酵乳酸菌的筛选与发酵性能分析

对10?株分离于水果发酵液等不同来源的乳酸菌进行耐受性筛选,得到性能优良的植物乳杆菌ZG2和干酪乳杆菌GG8作为梨汁发酵菌株,并通过测定发酵过程中梨汁的活菌数、pH值、有机酸与挥发性成分对2?株乳酸菌的发酵性能进行比较。结果表明：ZG2发酵前期活菌数下降迅速,发酵持续时间较短;GG8发酵结束后pH值低于ZG2;2?种发酵液中有机酸种类相似,ZG2产乳酸能力较强,GG8发酵产柠檬酸和总酸含量明显多于ZG2;发酵前后构成梨汁主体风味的物质相似,分别为2-甲氧基-3-甲基吡嗪、芳樟醇和松油醇,2?株菌均在发酵中期产生的挥发性成分最丰富,发酵后期GG8产挥发性风味物质较丰富。相较植物乳杆菌ZG2,干酪乳杆菌GG8具有更大发酵潜力和研究价值。     

基于RNA-seq分析酒酒球菌SD-2a酸胁迫应答机制

通过RNA-seq检测酒酒球菌SD-2a对短期酸胁迫（3 h）的反应,利用基因本体论和京都基因与基因组百科全书数据库分析不同处理间的转录组数据。此外,还测定了一些与应激反应相关的生理指标。在此基础上,绘制胁迫响应机理示意图。在酸性胁迫条件下,菌株合成更多的ATP,将H＋泵出细胞,SD-2a的ATPase活性显著升高,适宜pH值可以维持适宜的酶反应环境进行生命活动。通过调节总不饱和脂肪酸和总环脂肪酸的含量,降低细胞膜的流动性。综上所述,胞内能量生产显著增加,一些有利于抗酸胁迫的耗能反应显著增加,而一些不相关的耗能反应受到抑制。此外,为了应对酸胁迫造成的损伤,DNA修复基因和伴侣蛋白基因的表达水平大大提高。本研究结果为酒酒球菌中与酸应激反应相关的调控网络提供了一定参考。     

苹果乳酸发酵生产葡萄酒

二次发酵-苹果乳酸发酵（MLF）在葡萄酒生产过程中起非常重要的作用.酿酒需要选择合适的酿酒酵母和细菌,乳酸菌接种方案以及工艺条件控制系统.本文介绍了MLF发酵过程的优缺点、效益和技术缺陷.讨论了启动和运行MLF的方法及葡萄酒生产过程中各种微生物之间的相互作用.微生物主要是指酵母菌属中的酿酒酵母和酒类酒球菌属中的酿酒细菌.     

Malolactic Activity of Lactic Acid Bacteria during Sauerkraut Fermentation

ABSTRACT: The frequency of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) involved in sauerkraut fermentation with (MDC⁺) or without (MDC^-) the ability to decarboxylate malic acid was determined. The MDC⁺ phenotype was found in > 99% of homofermentative LAB isolated from commercial fermentations. In contrast, heterofermentative LAB isolates from 0.25, 3, 7, and 10 d had only 53%, 54%, 15%, and 11% MDC⁺ phenotype, respectively, indicating that more than 1 strain or species was involved. The malolactic reaction was demonstrated in cabbage juice with known strains of Leuconostoc mesenteroides , raising the question of desirability of such activity in cultures selected for the controlled fermentation of cabbage.