钢中铝夹杂物原位统计分布分析的判据方法

应用金属原位分析仪对含铝夹杂物的参考物样品进行分析,得出铝夹杂物单次火花强度信号分布规律。采用迭代法确定夹杂物定量分析的重要参数——阈值,提出钢中铝夹杂物定量分析新方法,结合化学相分析结果以及金相检测结果最终得到参考物样品中铝夹杂物的含量与火花频数的数学模型。把该数学模型应用到实际钢铁材料中,测得结果与ICP-AES法分析结果一致。     

基于数字图像处理技术的棒材计数问题的研究与分析

分析了用于棒材自动计数的一般图像处理方法和常用算法,进而提出了技术改进措施.采用腐蚀去除毛刺和细化等算法对打捆前移钢台架上并行排列的棒材进行图像处理并计数.计算机试验结果表明:其优点不仅可以提高棒材的计数精度,满足顾客对钢支数计数的要求,并且为棒材定支数包装创造了条件,有利于开展负公差轧制的生产.     

一种基于区域动态轮廓的交互式目标分割算法

研究了以用户与系统之间的交互信息为先验知识的目标分割算法,提出一种基于区域动态轮廓的交互式目标分割算法.采用基于区域动态轮廓的CV模型及形状先验引导进化思想,并引入了基于滤波后图像梯度和Laplace的分段自适应加权算法.为了克服由于对先验差值区域加权而产生的目标轮廓萎缩问题,对所构建的进化模型引入了面积激励项.实验结果表明:算法无需基于精确先验知识训练而获得的先验知识模型,用户仅需要选择待分割目标的大致区域,算法即可对该区域进行分割,在选用的灰度图像级上,完成分割所需要的迭代次数仅为基本CV模型的26.4%.     

铸带上下表面裂纹分布不均的原因分析

双辊薄带连铸方法生产的铸带上下表面裂纹分布不均匀，呈现上下表面多而下表面少的现象，西文从热力学角度对该现象进行分析，说明上表面较大的温度梯度使其更易于产生裂纹；从铸带变形的角度进行分析，发现上表面有较大的变形量，该变形量大小与弧形板的形状衣铸带所受 外力有关，这也使其上表面易于产生裂纹。有别于以往对裂纹这一现象的研究，本文不关心裂纹形成的先天因素，而是通过对铸带后天环境的分析，提出在熔池之外减少裂纹的新思路。     

基于区域合并多尺度分割的稀土矿区典型地物识别方法

随着稀土产业价值的不断飙升,稀土产业的开采和加工带来了一系列的生态问题,实现稀土矿区地物的准确、高效和快速地识别,已经成为矿区开采监测的热点。研究针对稀土矿区典型地物识别问题,提出了一种基于直方图特征知识库的地物识别方法,采用直方图比较的方式来得到典型地物最佳分割尺度,实现了基于高分辨率影像的矿区典型地物识别与分类。将该方法应用于高分一号影像和资源三号影像,得出高分一号影像和资源三号影像分别在分割尺度50和80左右时效果最佳。     

熟料窑电除尘气流分布不均的原因与解决措施

某公司熟料窑电除尘器扩容改造后收尘效率低。从气流分布着手检测,用定量数据分析找出了导致收尘率降低的根本原因,并据此进行改进,取得了较好的效果。     

基于水平集的钢水图像分割方法

钢水质量和收得率是转炉生产的两项重要生产考核指标.通过红外热成像法检测转炉出钢钢水图像中钢渣占比率,从而有效控制钢水质量和收得率是转炉生产工艺之一.由于转炉出钢钢水红外灰度图像具有背景噪声干扰大、钢渣呈多目标分离标状且边缘非规则等特点,因此如何提高钢水图像分割及钢渣占比检测准确率一直是难点问题.针对该问题,提出了一种基...     

基于改进C-V模型的脑组织提取算法

通过对水平集算法C-V模型进行三方面改进,提出一种基于改进C-V模型的脑组织提取算法.首先,通过改进经典的距离函数,在保证准确度的同时,可以在很大程度上加快距离函数的收敛,提高分割速度.其次,改进了收敛结果的唯一性,使边缘停止在欲提取的目标类灰度上,用于去除脑脊液,使脑灰质、白质的提取更加准确.最后,提出了迭代收敛的动态结束条件.通过间隔帧的对比,改进了以往通过经验迭代次数作为结束条件,使分割效果与迭代时间达到较优.实验结果表明,该算法在脑组织的分割速度及准确性上有了较大提高,为医生确诊病情带来便利.     

粗轧板坯表面裂纹检测与控制的应用

粗轧板坯表面裂纹检测与控制系统为国内首次应用于热轧产线粗轧位置的表面检测系统.该系统最大可检测宽度为2250 mm的板坯,最小可检测尺寸为0.28 mm×0.28 mm的缺陷.采用多方位防护措施,保证了恶劣环境下图像采集的稳定性,且通过结合阈值分割和对拼接图像提取纵向边缘信息来对图像缺陷进行检测.另外,该系统可将出现重...     

铸造黄铜的原位统计分布分析

采用金属原位分析仪实现了对铸造黄铜ZHPb59-1的大面积扫描,利用原位统计分布分析技术分析了合金中添加元素Zn、P、Mn、Al、Si、Fe、Pb、Ti、B的分布状况,以期能为铜合金行业提供一种快速的表面元素分布分析方法。通过原位扫描技术能快速得到各元素的直观分布图、最大偏析度、最大偏析位置和统计偏析度。研究发现,原位分析得到Zn、P、Mn的分布及对组织影响的结果和金相结果有良好的对应;通过二维成分分布图和三维成分分布图可看出Al、Si、Fe的分布较为均匀。由原位统计分布可推测,Pb存在大量的夹杂相,而P弥散在整个合金中;Ti、B作为主要的变质剂,存在明显的偏析。此外,Cu、P夹杂的原位统计结果与扫描电镜和能谱的结果对应良好。     

无钟并罐式高炉周向不均匀布料的研究

建立了新的无钟并罐式高炉周向炉料流量公式。与原有的公式相比，该公式更接近于炉喉周向炉料流量的变化，并且还可求出炉料分布的不均匀率，为控制不均匀炉料分布提供更为科学的理论依据     

Theoretical Explanation of Uneven Transverse Temperature Distribution in Wide Thin Strip Rolling Process

 In this paper we propose a new theoretical thermo-mechanical explanation of the uneven transverse temperature distribution, along the width, for thin and wide hot rolled produced strip. In particular, we base our reasoning starting from the irregular pressure/friction distribution, that lead to an uneven heat generation. A 2-D mathematical model to calculate the transverse temperature distribution is presented, both to give a physical explanation to our problem, and to be used as an essential basis to build a correspondent FEM simulation model, in which heat loss and generation are both considered. Deformation and friction heat are both described in details, having a paramount importance in our reasoning. The heat generation problem is split into two parts, for a clearer and more logical analysis: one for the strip centre, and one for the sides, in correspondence of the temperature peak points at 100mm from the strip edge. Finally it is shown how our new theoretical model can lead to the exact interpretation of the measured uneven temperature distribution.     

电机单相电流在多根单芯电缆中分配极为不均的原因

通过对电机保护的零序电流严重超限报警原因的检查、分析,测试发现电机单相电流在每相多根单芯电缆中电流分配极为不均(电机三相电流平衡),负荷较大时有的相中最大的电流是最小的电流的3倍左右。经过原因分析查找,解决了电流分配极为不均异常现象,满足了设备正常运行需要,总结出了施工管理经验。     

粉管浓淡转向与锅炉水冷壁高温腐蚀防治

通过对中间储仓式煤粉锅炉水冷壁高温腐蚀原因的分析,指出由于煤粉弯头造成的自然浓淡方向与炉内燃烧要求相悖,引起浓粉贴壁燃烧,是发生水冷壁高温腐蚀的主要原因。通过粉管浓淡转向的设计,巧妙地解决了这一问题。     

多级齿轮传动系统齿数分配方法探讨

对于多级齿轮传动系统的齿轮齿数分配问题,需要具体情况具体分析。如对3200m3 高炉炉顶旋转溜槽布料器的多个传动齿轮,需对其行星差动轮系传递的两条路径予以综合考虑,除考虑强度条件外,还要考虑溜槽转动、倾动既可单独实现,又可同时完成的问题。     

Discretization of Integral Equations Describing Flow in Nonprismatic Channels with Uneven Beds

Application of the finite-volume method in one dimension for open channel flow predictions mandates the direct discretization of integral equations for mass conservation and momentum balance. The integral equations include source terms that account for the forces due to changes in bed elevation and channel width, and an exact expression for these source term integrals is presented for the case of a trapezoidal channel cross section whereby the bed elevation, bottom width, and inverse side slope are defined at cell faces and assumed to vary linearly and uniformly within each cell, consistent with a second-order accurate solution. The expressions may be used in the context of any second-order accurate finite-volume scheme with channel properties defined at cell faces, and it is used here in the context of the Monotone Upwind Scheme for Conservation Laws (MUSCL)-Hancock scheme which has been adopted by many researchers. Using these source term expressions, the MUSCL-Hancock scheme is shown to preserve stationarity, accurately converge to the steady state in a frictionless flow test problem, and perform well in field applications without the need for upwinding procedures previously reported in the literature. For most applications, an approximate, point-wise treatment of the bed slope and nonprismatic source terms can be used instead of the exact expression and, in contrast to reports on other finite-volume-based schemes, will not cause unphysical oscillations in the solution.     

适应非均匀载荷超高强度的套管研制与应用

复杂地质条件下油水井套管早期损坏问题，是油田开发中迫切需要解决的一个重大技术难题。天津钢管公司研发了一种非API规格的新型高抗挤套管(TP130TF)，其抗挤毁强度达到167MPa，能够适应盐膏层等复杂井段对套管抗挤强度的特殊要求，经评价试验和油田使用，可以有效提高这类油水井的使用寿命及油田的综合开发效益，具有广泛的推广应用价值。     

Statistics of martensitic nucleation

Nucleation statistics, incorporating the particle size effects and the temperature effects, of martensitic transformations in ZrO₂-containing ceramics and in Fe-Ni alloys was analyzed. A phenomenological potency distribution of nucleating defects, of the form of (excess driving force)², was found. Using a simple model of long range nucleating defects, of the type of a dislocation wall, a theoretical potency distribution was predicted. The model was in good agreement with the experimental data and with the phenomenological form, over a broad range of excess driving force. A universal potency distribution for intrinsic, pre-existing defects thus became apparent Experimental evidence was found, in literature and in new data reported here, that both the size effects and the universal potency distribution will be violated when nucleation is extrinsically induced, especially in very small particles or in strain-induced transformations. An essential distinction in the origin of nucleation, as reflected in nucleation statistics, can thus be drawn for classification of martensitic nucleation.     

Hybrid Course Linking Natural Hazards with Probability and Statistics

The incorporation of data from the physical environment allows a standard civil engineering probability and statistics course to double as an introduction to natural hazards. The requirement of a related term paper adds to the exposure. An established course, using such an arrangement, is described in this technical note.