基于深度自编码器子域自适应的跨库语音情感识别

针对不同语料库之间数据分布差异问题,提出一种基于深度自编码器子域自适应的跨库语音情感识别算法.首先,该算法采用两个深度自编码器分别获取源域和目标域表征性强的低维情感特征;然后,利用基于LMMD(local maximum mean discrepancy)的子域自适应模块,实现源域和目标域在不同低维情感类别空间中的特征分布对齐;最后,使用带标签的源域数据进行有监督地训练该模型.在eNTERFACE库为源域、Berlin库为目标域的跨库识别方案中,所提算法的跨库识别准确率相比于其他算法提升了5.26％～19.73％;在Berlin库为源域、eNTERFACE库为目标域的跨库识别方案中,所提算法的跨库识别准确率相比于其他算法提升了7.34％～8.18％.因此,所提方法可以有效地提取不同语料库的共有情感特征并提升了跨库语音情感识别的性能.     

基于卷积联合适应网络的脑电信号情感识别

提出一种基于深度卷积联合适应网络（Convolutional neural network-joint adaptation network,CNN-JAN）的脑电信号（Electroencephalogram, EEG）情感识别模型。该模型将迁移学习中联合适应的思想融合到深度卷积网络中,首先采用长方形卷积核提取数据的空间特征,捕捉脑电数据通道间的深层情感相关信息,再将提取的空间特征输入含有联合分布的多核最大均值差异算法（Multi-kernel joint maximum mean discrepancy,MK-JMMD）的适配层进行迁移学习,使用MK-JMMD度量算法解决源域和目标域分布不同的问题。所提方法在SEED数据集上使用微分熵特征和微分尾端性特征分别进行情感分类实验,其中使用微分熵特征被试内跨试验准确率达到84.01%,与对比实验和目前流行的迁移学习方法相比,准确率进一步提高,跨被试实验精度也取得较好的性能,验证了该模型用于EEG信号情感识别任务的有效性。     

多源域混淆的双流深度迁移学习

目的 针对深度学习严重依赖大样本的问题,提出多源域混淆的双流深度迁移学习方法,提升了传统深度迁移学习中迁移特征的适用性。方法 采用多源域的迁移策略,增大源域对目标域迁移特征的覆盖率。提出两阶段适配学习的方法,获得域不变的深层特征表示和域间分类器相似的识别结果,将自然光图像2维特征和深度图像3维特征进行融合,提高小样本数据特征维度的同时抑制了复杂背景对目标识别的干扰。此外,为改善小样本机器学习中分类器的识别性能,在传统的softmax损失中引入中心损失,增强分类损失函数的惩罚监督能力。结果 在公开的少量手势样本数据集上进行对比实验,结果表明,相对于传统的识别模型和迁移模型,基于本文模型进行识别准确率更高,在以DenseNet-169为预训练网络的模型中,识别率达到了97.17%。结论 利用多源域数据集、两阶段适配学习、双流卷积融合以及复合损失函数,构建了多源域混淆的双流深度迁移学习模型。所提模型可增大源域和目标域的数据分布匹配率、丰富目标样本特征维度、提升损失函数的监督性能,改进任意小样本场景迁移特征的适用性。     

跨库语音情感识别研究进展

语音情感识别在人机交互过程中发挥极为重要的作用,近年来备受关注.目前,大多数的语音情感识别方法主要在单一情感数据库上进行训练和测试.然而,在实际应用中训练集和测试集可能来自不同的情感数据库.由于这种不同情感数据库的分布存在巨大差异性,导致大多数的语音情感识别方法取得的跨库识别性能不尽人意.为此,近年来不少研究者开始聚焦跨库语音情感识别方法的研究.本文系统性综述了近年来跨库语音情感识别方法的研究现状与进展,尤其对新发展起来的深度学习技术在跨库语音情感识别中的应用进行了重点分析与归纳.首先,介绍了语音情感识别中常用的情感数据库,然后结合深度学习技术,从监督、无监督和半监督学习角度出发,总结和比较了现有基于手工特征和深度特征的跨库语音情感识别方法的研究进展情况,最后对当前跨库语音情感识别领域存在的挑战和机遇进行了讨论与展望.     

基于深度卷积神经网络的脑电信号情感识别

为了点对点自动学习脑电信号（Electroencephalogram,EEG）空间与时间维度上的情感相关特征,提高脑电信号情感识别的准确率,基于DEAP数据集中EEG信号的时域、频域特征及其组合特征,提出一种基于卷积神经网络（Convolution Neural Network,CNN）模型的EEG情感特征学习与分类算法。采用包括集成决策树、支持向量机、线性判别分析和贝叶斯线性判别分析算法在内的浅层机器学习模型与CNN深度学习模型对DEAP数据集进行效价和唤醒度两个维度上的情感分类实验。实验结果表明,在效价和唤醒度两个维度上,深度CNN模型在时域和频域组合特征上均取得了目前最好的两类识别性能,在效价维度上比最佳的传统分类器集成决策树模型提高了3.58%,在唤醒度上比集成决策树模型的最好性能提高了3.29%。     

结合风格迁移的最小化类混淆领域自适应算法

在无监督领域自适应中分类器对目标域的样本进行类别预测时容易产生混淆预测,虽然已有研究提出了相关算法提取到样本的类间相关性,降低了分类器在目标域上的类混淆预测。但该方法仍然未能解决源域和目标域因共享特征稀疏导致的迁移学习能力不足的问题,针对这个问题,通过使用生成对抗网络对源域进行了风格迁移,扩展源域各类样本的特征空间可供目标域匹配的共享特征,解决因共享特征稀疏导致分类器正迁移力不足的问题,从而进一步减少分类器在目标域上产生的类混淆预测。当分类器利用扩充后的共享特征对目标域样本预测分类概率时,基于不确定性权重机制,加重预测概率权重使其能在几个预测概率峰值上以更高的概率值突出,准确地量化类混淆,最小化跨域的类混淆预测,抑制跨域的负迁移。在UDA场景下,对标准的数据集ImageCLEF-DA和Office-31的三个子数据集分别进行了领域自适应实验,相较于RADA算法平均识别精度分别提升了1.3个百分点和1.7个百分点。     

结合数据平衡和注意力机制的CNN+LSTM的自然语音情感识别

为了解决语音情感识别中数据集样本分布不平衡的问题,提出一种结合数据平衡和注意力机制的卷积神经网络(CNN)和长短时记忆单元(LSTM)的语音情感识别方法.该方法首先对语音情感数据集中的语音样本提取对数梅尔频谱图,并根据样本分布特点对进行分段处理,以便实现数据平衡处理,通过在分段的梅尔频谱数据集中微调预训练好的CNN模型,用于学习高层次的片段语音特征.随后,考虑到语音中不同片段区域在情感识别作用的差异性,将学习到的分段CNN特征输入到带有注意力机制的LSTM中,用于学习判别性特征,并结合LSTM和Softmax层从而实现语音情感的分类.在BAUM-1s和CHEAVD2.0数据集中的实验结果表明,本文提出的语音情感识别方法能有效地提高语音情感识别性能.     

引入迁移学习的癫痫EEG信号自适应识别

在脑电图( EEG)信号识别中,EEG信号的采样环境、病人状态的多样性导致分类器训练所用的源域与分类器测试所用的目标域不匹配,分类器在目标域上表现不佳。为此,引入邻域适应策略,提出一种基于子空间相似度的改进主成分分析特征提取方法( SSM-PCA),在选择主成分时,考虑源域和目标域数据的几何和统计特性,并结合迁移学习分类器大间隔投射迁移支持向量机( LMPROJ),给出以SSM-PCA为基础的LMPROJ分类识别方法。实验结果表明,与结合PCA特征抽取技术和K近邻分类器实现的识别方法相比,该方法在识别正确率方面得到较大提升。     

基于集成一致性的多源跨领域情感分类模型

现有的跨领域情感分类方法大多只利用了单个源领域到目标域的迁移特征,没有充分考虑目标域实例与不同源域之间的联系。针对此问题,本文提出一种无监督的多源跨领域情感分类模型。首先利用单个源域到目标域的迁移特征训练基分类器,并对不同的基分类器加权;然后将不同基分类器对目标域实例预测的集成一致性作为目标函数,优化该目标函数,得到不同基分类器的权重;最后利用加权后的基分类器得到目标域的情感分类结果。该模型在Amazon数据集上进行了多源域情感迁移实验,取得了较好的实验结果,相对其他基线模型,在4组实验中平均提升了0.75%。     

基于局部实例匹配无监督式学习的行人重识别

无监督域适应（Unsupervised domain adaptation,UDA）方法通过全局特征分布匹配实现源域到目标域的知识迁移,但忽略了细粒度的局部实例信息。本文提出了一种基于双层域自适应（Two-tiered domain adaptation,TTDA）的无监督行人重识别方法,使用全尺寸网络（Omni-scale network,OSNet）作为骨干网络,在端到端深度学习框架中联合执行源域和目标域之间的全局特征分布匹配和局部实例匹配,从源域和目标域之间不同行人ID的关联中挖掘可迁移的有用知识,并通过知识选择机制提高了跨域适应性。在多个大型公开数据集上的实验结果表明,与其他先进方法相比,所提方法在源域到目标域的无监督行人重识别的平均精度均值（mean Average precision,mAP）和top-k命中率均取得显著提升。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。