高速冲击拉伸条件下TWIP钢的力学性能

采用气动式间接杆杆型冲击拉伸试验装置对5种不同成分的TWIP钢在102～103s-1应变速率范围内的动态拉伸变形行为进行了研究,并和静态拉伸性能作了比较.结果表明:随应变速率的提高,材料动态条件下的抗拉强度、断裂延伸率和能量吸收值均显著增加,均匀延伸率略有提高.TWIP钢在形变过程中产生形变孪晶显著改善了材料的塑性,因此在高应变速率下的延伸率仍较好.     

TWIP钢在不同温度变形的加工硬化行为

通过温控拉伸试验、光学显微镜、X射线衍射技术和透射电镜分析了在298、373、473、573 K温度下变形时,20Mn24Cr5Al2Ni2TWIP钢的力学性能和显微组织变化规律。结果表明,TWIP钢的强度随变形温度的升高而降低,伸长率在373 K变形时比298 K变形显著下降;在373～573 K变形时伸长率有上升趋势;温度升高,组织中形变孪晶的数量减少,孪晶交叉现象减弱。研究TWIP钢的加工硬化行为表明,TWIP钢在拉伸过程中的加工硬化指数n值随真应变的增加而增加,在低应变区温度升高n值增加。在298～373 K变形时,形变孪晶占主导作用,在473～573 K变形时,形变孪晶和动态应变时效共同作用。     

高速冲击拉伸条件下TWIP钢的力学性能

采用气动式间接杆杆型冲击拉伸试验装置对5种不同成分的TWIP钢在10^2～10^3 s^-1应变速率范围内的动态拉伸变形行为进行了研究,并和静态拉伸性能作了比较。结果表明：随应变速率的提高,材料动态条件下的抗拉强度、断裂延伸率和能量吸收值均显著增加,均匀延伸率略有提高。TWIP钢在形变过程中产生形变孪晶显著改善了材料的塑性,因此在高应变速率下的延伸率仍较好。     

TWIP钢的组织与力学性能研究

采用金相、静态拉伸试验方法研究了5种不同锰含量的TWIP钢的组织和力学性能。结果表明,5种钢的屈服强度随应变率的增大而提高,最大屈服强度可达280MPa;抗拉强度随应变率的增大而略有降低,最高抗拉强度超过1000MPa;1#钢的断裂延伸率和强塑积随应变率的增大而提高,其它4种成分钢的断裂延伸率和强塑积随应变率的增大而减小。1#钢只具形变诱发马氏体相变,不出现孪晶;而2#-5#钢具TWIP效应,其中3#钢的最大延伸率可达75%,强塑积最高可达45000MPa（%）。TWIP钢拉伸前组织中有退火孪晶,变形过程中产生大量的形变孪晶,孪晶诱导塑性,从而推迟了颈缩的产生,导致很高的均匀变形能力。     

退火温度对TWIP钢组织性能和氢致脆性的影响

采用电化学结合低应变速率拉伸实验(SSRT)的方法和OM、SEM等手段研究了退火温度对Fe-18Mn-0.6C TWIP钢充氢条件下力学性能和变形行为的影响,并探讨了各类微观组织结构对氢致脆性的作用。结果表明,TWIP钢晶粒尺寸随退火温度的升高逐渐增大,700℃退火板晶界处容易观察到(Fe, Mn)3C渗碳体。900℃退火获得的中等尺寸均匀晶粒的TWIP钢具有最高的强塑积。在电化学充氢和SSRT同时进行下,TWIP钢的强度和塑性大幅下降,随退火温度的升高,强塑积损失率(R)呈增大趋势。高温退火得到的大尺寸晶粒在变形中更容易产生形变孪晶,孪晶/孪晶交叉位置和孪晶/晶界交叉位置是氢致裂纹的主要来源。尽管相对低温退火得到大尺寸晶粒和界面处层错能(SFE)变化使TWIP钢在变形中不容易产生形变孪晶,但其局部粗大的碳化物与形变孪晶间产生的应力集中处极易形成空位,演化成裂纹源,使相对低温退火的TWIP钢本身塑性不高。低于800℃退火对TWIP钢提高氢脆抵抗力没有明显作用。     

Mn含量对Fe-Mn-C孪生诱发塑性钢拉伸变形行为的影响

利用室温单向拉伸实验,结合OM、TEM、SEM-EBSD等观察手段,对比研究了2种Mn含量(13Mn和22Mn,质量分数,%) Fe-Mn-C系高锰奥氏体孪生诱发塑性(TWIP)钢的拉伸性能、孪生演化规律及应变硬化行为。结果表明,随Mn含量的增加,钢的屈服强度与抗拉强度降低而断裂延伸率增加。在低应变时,Mn含量的增加延缓了钢中形变孪晶的形成;但在高应变时,Mn含量的增加加快了孪晶的形成速率,进而使高锰钢中的孪晶体积分数反而比低锰钢中的高。同时,形变孪晶的厚度随Mn含量的增加而增加。最后,对2种Mn含量的Fe-Mn-C系TWIP钢的孪生及拉伸变形行为进行了讨论。     

TWIP钢的显微组织与变形机制研究

采用金相、X射线衍射、扫描电镜和透射电镜等方法对两种不同Mn含量应变诱发孪晶(TWIP)钢拉伸前后的显微组织进行了研究.结果表明,Fe-15Mn-3Si-3Al钢的塑性增长机理主要是),γrcc→εhcp,γfcc→εhcp→αbcc相变诱发的TRIP效应;Fe-25Mn-3Si-3Al钢主要的塑性增长机制是孪晶诱发的TWIP效应.Fe-25Mn-3Si-3Al钢拉伸后有些奥氏体晶粒内存在两个或多个孪晶系统,孪晶界与原始奥氏体晶界都会阻碍孪晶的长大.层错能强烈影响TWIP钢的变形机制,随着Mn含量的增加,层错能不断增加,孪晶强化逐渐起主导作用.     

高锰奥氏体TWIP钢的单向拉伸与拉压循环变形行为

对高锰奥氏体孪晶诱发塑性(TWIP)钢室温单向拉伸与拉压疲劳行为进行了研究.单向拉伸和疲劳实验的应变速率均为6×10-3s-1.疲劳实验采取轴向总应变控制,应变比为-1.结果表明,随拉伸应变的增加,应力-应变曲线上的锯齿状塑性流动呈现出不同的特征,具有很强的应变敏感性.在不同应变幅下的低周疲劳实验中,高锰奥氏体TWIP钢表现出很强的循环硬化能力.低应变幅时表现为初始循环硬化,随后稳定;中等应变幅时,表现为初始循环硬化后出现不同程度的循环软化,然后稳定;高应变幅时经短暂循环硬化后开始循环软化,直至失效.较高应变幅下循环失效后的奥氏体晶粒内产生了大量的位错、位错墙、迷宫结构以及位错胞等位错结构,在部分晶粒内还观察到了细小的形变孪晶.     

水淬工艺对TWIP钢显微组织和力学性能的影响

研究了一种用于汽车车体的高强、高塑性中C-高Mn系孪晶诱发塑性(TWIP)钢,有助于达到汽车减排、节能和安全的目的。通过单向拉伸实验和OM观察,分析研究了水淬工艺对TWIP钢的力学性能和微观组织的影响规律,采用SEM和TEM对不同变形程度TWIP钢的精细结构进行了分析。结果表明,随着水淬温度的提高,退火孪晶体积分数和晶粒尺寸增大,塑性、加工硬化性提高,而试件的强度和屈强比降低,可以获得抗拉强度960 MPa,延伸率60.5%,具有优异的综合力学性能(强塑积最高达6.096×10~4 MPa%)的试件;具有大量退火孪晶的奥氏体在变形过程中产生大量的形变孪晶,提高了TWIP钢的强度和塑性。     

电化学充氢条件下TWIP钢应力腐蚀敏感性的研究

通过慢应变速率拉伸和观察断口形貌等方法,研究了TWIP钢在电化学充氢条件下的应力腐蚀敏感性.结果表明,在电化学充氢条件下,TWIP钢具有应力腐蚀敏感性.恒定应变速率6.67×10-6 s-1时,具有单向奥氏体结构的TWIP钢有较小的应力腐蚀敏感性,具有形变孪晶的TWIP钢有较高的应力腐蚀敏感性.这是因为孪晶的形成导致氢在局部浓度更高,因而促进了局部塑性变形,降低了内氢压,导致TWIP钢的应力腐蚀敏感性上升.     

Positive Strain Rate Sensitivity and Deformation Behavior of a Fe-29Mn-3Al-3Si TWIP Steel

The Fe-29Mn-3Al-3Si twin-induced plasticity (TWIP) steel is used to conduct quasi-static compression and dynamic impact deformation with strain rates ranging from 8.3 × 10^-4 to 3800 s^-1. The microstructures and properties of deformed samples under different strain rates were investigated comparatively. These results show that positive strain rate sensitivity was observed with the increase in strain rates and that there was a significant difference in strain rate sensitivity factor (ṁ) between quasi-static compression (ṁ = 0.029) and dynamic impact deformation (ṁ = 0.190). Compared to the quasi-static compression, the dynamic impact deformation exhibited higher yield strength. Microstructural examination reveals that the primary twins were frequently found during the quasi-static compression process, and the secondary twins were rarely observed. However, the secondary and multi-fold deformation twins were florescent in the dynamic impact samples. At the initial stage of dynamic impact deformation, partial dislocations and staking faults on multiple conjugate {111} planes were simultaneously activated and produced a large number of Lomer-Cottrell dislocations, resulting in a large increase in yield strength during dynamic impact.     

The effects of N on the microstructures and tensile properties of Fe–15Mn–0.6C–2Cr–xN twinning-induced plasticity steels

Three Fe–15Mn–0.6C–2Cr–xN (wt.%) twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) steels with N concentrations of 0.02%, 0.09% and 0.21% were fabricated using a pressure-induction furnace. The variations in tensile properties and deformed microstructure as a function of N concentration were investigated. The yield and tensile strengths of the steels increased without a loss of total elongation as the concentration of N increased. The strain hardening rates (SHR) of the TWIP steels with 0.02% and 0.09% N decreased gradually as the true strain increased until failure. The SHR of the TWIP steel with 0.21% N decreased sharply until a strain of approximately 0.07 and increased with further strain, exhibiting the highest value at a strain of over 0.15. The addition of N delayed the kinetics of mechanical twinning, particularly secondary twinning. The TWIP steel with 0.02% N had many intersections between primary and secondary twins, at which α′ martensite formed. The TWIP steel with 0.09% N possessed few intersections because primary twins obstructed the growth of secondary twins. The TWIP steel with 0.21% N had primary twins with few secondary twins and intersections. The addition of N increased the critical strain for triggering serrations on the tensile stress–strain curves, indicating a reduction in dynamic strain aging (DSA). The TWIP steel with 0.21% N exhibited the highest SHR at large strains, despite the reduced twinning and DSA, because of both the thinning of the mechanical twins and the hardening of the twin boundaries as the N concentration increased.     

Effect of Manganese Content on Tensile Deformation Behavior of Fe-Mn-C TWIP SteelsEI北大核心CSCD

Twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) steels exhibit excellent mechanical properties including high tensile strength and good plasticity owing to their high strain-hardening rate. The high strain-hardening rate results mainly from deformation twinning; in addition, plane slip and dynamic strain ageing also have some contribution to strain-hardening rate. Until now, the influences of some alloy elements such as C, Al and Si on tensile properties of Fe-Mn-C based TWIP steels have received much attention. However, the effect of Mn content on the microstructure and tensile properties of twinning-dominated Fe-Mn-C TWIP steels is still not clear. In this work, the microstructure, tensile properties and strain hardening behavior of two Fe-Mn-C TWIP steels (Fe-13Mn-1.0C and Fe-22Mn-1.0C, mass fraction, %) were studied by using OM, TEM, SEM-EBSD and monotonic tensile tests. The results show that the yield and tensile strengths of the steel decrease while the elongation to fracture increases with the increase of Mn content. At low tensile strains, the increase of Mn content delays the formation of deformation twins. However, at higher strain level, the deformation twinning rate becomes higher and hence more deformation twins are produced in the steel with higher Mn content than that in the steel with lower Mn content. Furthermore, the thickness of deformation twins increases with increasing the Mn content. The twinning and tensile deformation behavior in the two steels are also discussed.     

不同热处理工艺对Fe-30Mn-3Si-4AlTWIP钢力学组织性能的影响

采用拉伸性能测试、金相观察、SEM和EDS等方法研究了不同热处理工艺对Fe-30Mn-3Si-4AlTWIP钢微观组织、拉伸力学性能及断口形貌的影响,并采用X射线衍射仪测定材料的物相组成。结果表明,冷却速度越快,TWIP钢的延伸率和强度越高;热处理后其室温组织为含有退火孪晶的单一奥氏体,冷却速度越小,奥氏体晶粒和退火孪晶的尺寸越大。拉伸时发生典型的延性断裂,在拉伸过程中退火孪晶转变成形变孪晶,使材料的塑性提高。     

应变速率对低C高Mn TRIP/TWIP钢组织演变和力学行为的影响

研究了Fe-18Mn低C高Mn TRIP/TWIP钢在应变速率范围为1.67×10^-4-10³s^-1的室温拉伸实验过程中力学性能和组织的变化.在准静态拉伸应变速率范围内(1.67×10^-4-1.67×10^-1s^-1),应变速率对高Mn TRIP/TWIP钢的抗拉强度产生逆效应,随着应变速率的加快,抗拉强度和延伸率都降低;而在动态拉伸应变速率范围内(10¹-10³s^-1),应变速率对高Mn TRIP/TWIP钢的延伸率产生逆效应,抗拉强度和延伸率都随着应变速率的加快而增加;在应变速率为10³s^-1时,高Mn TRIP/TWIP钢抗拉强度可达到957 MPa,延伸率达到55.8%,具有较好的综合力学性能;随着应变速率的提高,马氏体转变量减少,孪生变形向多个方向发展.采用SEM,TEM和XRD等方法对变形前后的组织进行了分析,在所有应变速率范围内的拉伸变形过程中都产生了奥氏体向马氏体转变和形变孪晶,并且在应变速率为10³s^-1的高速拉伸过程中产生绝热温升效应,使得基体软化.     

固溶处理对TWIP钢组织和力学性能的影响

用拉伸试验、金相观察、SEM和EDS等方法研究固溶温度和时间对TWIP钢微观组织、拉伸性能及断口形貌的影响,并采用X射线衍射仪测定材料的物相组成。结果表明,固溶温度和时间对TWIP钢塑性的影响程度明显大于强度,伸长率最佳的固溶处理工艺为1000~1050℃固溶60 min。随固溶温度的升高和固溶时间的延长,奥氏体晶粒长大,退火孪晶数量和退火孪晶界面积增加。拉伸时发生典型的延性断裂,拉伸前的组织为伴有大量退火孪晶的奥氏体,在拉伸过程中退火孪晶转变成形变孪晶,使TWIP钢的塑性提高。     

Fe-18Mn-0.6C TWIP钢的热变形行为

在Gleeble-3500热模拟实验机上通过单道次压缩实验,研究了变形温度、应变速率和变形量对TWIP钢流变应力和临界动态再结晶行为的影响规律。结果表明,试验TWIP钢热变形的峰值应力随温度的升高而降低,随着应变速率的增大而升高;各种变形条件下,TWIP钢的奥氏体晶粒尺寸有很大差异,随着变形温度的升高,再结晶晶粒粗化,而应变速率和应变量的增加有利于晶粒细化;最后采用线性回归方法计算出TWIP钢的热变形激活能为443.3 kJ/mol,并求出了该钢种动态再结晶临界条件与Z参数之间的关系,以及动态再结晶动力学规律。     

汽车用轻质TWIP钢的组织演变

研究中碳-高Mn系TWIP钢在固溶处理后的组织和力学性能。用OM、XRD、TEM和EBSD分析形变前后的微观组织演变规律和高强塑性产生机制。结果表明,形变孪晶密度随着变形程度的增加而增大,形变孪晶的渐进产生、细化起到细晶强化和延缓断裂的作用,使TWIP钢具有优异的综合力学性能和成形性能。     

The effects of Si on the mechanical twinning and strain hardening of Fe–18Mn–0.6C twinning-induced plasticity steel

The stacking-fault energy (SFE), dislocation slip, mechanical twinning, strain hardening, and yield and tensile strengths were systemically investigated in Fe–18Mn–0.6C–1.5Si twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) steel. The results were also compared with those for Fe–18Mn–0.6C and Fe–18Mn–0.6C–1.5Al TWIP steels. The SFE decreased by 4 mJ m^?2 per 1 wt.% Si. The addition of Si increased both the yield strength, due mainly to solid solution hardening, and the tensile strength, owing to the high strain hardening that occurred while maintaining a large elongation of over 60%. To examine this high strain hardening, especially at low strains, the volume fractions of the primary and secondary mechanical twins were quantitatively evaluated by combining the merits of electron backscattered diffractometry and transmission electron microscopy. The volume fractions of both the primary and secondary twins were the highest in the Fe–18Mn–0.6C–1.5Si TWIP steel, which had the lowest SFE of the three TWIP steels. In particular, the volume fraction of the secondary mechanical twins increased rapidly with the addition of Si. The contributions of dislocation storage, mechanical twinning and dynamic strain aging (DSA) to the strain hardening were also quantitatively evaluated in the three TWIP steels. The Si-added TWIP steel had the highest strain hardening, due mainly to the active primary and secondary twinning, and experienced negligible DSA. In contrast, the Al-added TWIP steel exhibited the lowest strain hardening due to the reductions in both the mechanical twinning and DSA.     

TWIP钢中晶粒尺寸对TWIP效应的影响

冷轧TWIP钢经1073,1173,1273和1373K固溶处理10min后,得到了晶粒尺寸分别为7,13,30和63μm的奥氏体组织.拉伸实验表明,随着晶粒尺寸的增加,加工硬化速率(dσ/dε)与真应变(ε)的变化关系由2阶段变为3阶段.当晶粒尺寸大于30μm时,加工硬化速率与真应变关系中的第2阶段对应的应变长度随着晶粒尺寸的增加而迅速增加.当真应变为0—0.2时,加工硬化指数随真应变的增加而迅速增加;在随后的变形中,与上述4个晶粒尺寸对应的试样的加工硬化指数分别稳定在0.47,0.53,0.56和0.68.OM和TEM观察显示,随晶粒尺寸的增大,变形过程中形变孪晶数量增多.对于较大晶粒尺寸的试样,形变孪晶在拉伸变形过程中形核的临界应力较低,随变形量增加,形变孪晶可持续形成,使其加工硬化能力增加,从而增大了TWIP效应;相反,晶粒尺寸减小使变形过程中的形变孪晶形核临界应力增大,抑制形变孪晶的产生,从而减小了TWIP效应.