改性方法对辣木籽壳生物炭吸附亚甲基蓝的影响

目的：探究不同工艺条件所制备的辣木籽壳生物炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能。方法：以辣木籽壳为原料,采用超声辅助碳酸钾—Fe₃O₄共浸渍热解和KOH浸渍—1 000 ℃高温热解两种方法分别制备磁性辣木籽壳生物炭（Fe₃O₄-MOS）和改性辣木籽壳生物炭（KOH-MOS）,并用XRD、SEM和FTIR对样品表面物化性质进行表征。在此基础上,通过平衡吸附法测定两种生物炭对溶液中亚甲基蓝（MB）的吸附特性,并用动力学、热力学和等温吸附模型分析对MB的吸附机理。结果：在试验所探究的条件下,Fe₃O₄-MOS和KOH-MOS对MB的吸附效率接近100%,且由Langmuir模型所得到最大吸附量分别为116.83,99.37 mg/g。结论：两种材料对MB的吸附是一个自发吸热熵增、化学吸附为主的过程。Fe₃O₄-MOS和KOH-MOS分别展现出了良好的磁分离能力和吸附能力。     

糠醛渣基磁性多孔炭的制备及其吸附性能研究

以糠醛渣为原料,通过氯化镍浸渍和氯化锌活化制备了糠醛渣衍生的磁性多孔炭。结果表明,制备的多孔炭不仅具有磁性,还含有丰富的官能团和多孔结构;当浸渍后原料与氯化锌的质量比为1∶2时,比表面积达1051 m²/g,45 ℃下对亚甲基蓝的吸附量可达732.5 mg/g,且吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程和Langmuir等温吸附模型。     

咖啡果壳微晶纤维素制备及其吸附性能研究

目的：利用咖啡果壳制备高吸附能力微晶纤维素。方法：用酸解法制备咖啡果壳微晶纤维素,考察酸解时间、酸解温度、盐酸质量分数和料液比对微晶纤维素得率和吸附能力的影响。结果：咖啡果壳微晶纤维素的最佳制备工艺为酸解时间95 min,盐酸质量分数16%,料液比（m_{咖啡果壳纤维素}∶V_酸）1∶22 （g/mL）,酸解温度60 ℃,该工艺条件下咖啡果壳微晶纤维素得率为80.08%,对香精的吸附能力为0.89 g/g。结论：料液比对咖啡果壳微晶纤维素得率影响最大,酸解温度对其吸附能力影响最大,优化工艺得到的咖啡果壳微晶纤维素得率高,吸附能力强。     

磷酸活化法脱墨污泥活性炭的改性研究

以Cr（Ⅵ）离子吸附效果为目标,对磷酸活化法制备的脱墨污泥活性炭进行改性。通过改性效果对比,确定了HNO₃改性方法,并对其改性工艺进行了优化。得到最佳改性条件为：10 mol/L的HNO₃作为改性剂、炭酸比1∶15（m∶V）、改性2.0 h。改性后活性炭用于废水吸附以去除Cr（Ⅵ）离子,在改性活性炭用量为5.00 g/L时,Cr（Ⅵ）离子的去除率和吸附量分别达到83.9%和25.17 mg/g,与未改性活性炭相比,吸附量提高了140.3%。改性活性炭的碘吸附值和亚甲基蓝吸附值分别达到543.92 mg/g和103.5 mg/g,碘吸附值提高了28.9%,而亚甲基蓝吸附值略有降低。N2吸附 脱附表明,与未改性活性炭相比,HNO₃改性活性炭比表面积从715.576 m2/g增至1020.161 m2/g,增大了42.6%;总孔容由0.353 cm3/g增长到0.608 cm3/g,提高了72.4%;中孔孔容由0.344 cm3/g增长到0.393 cm3/g,增长了14.2%。结果表明,HNO3改性可大幅提升脱墨污泥活性炭对Cr（Ⅵ）离子吸附性能。     

多孔钙/油茶果壳碳复合材料的结构表征及吸附性能北大核心CSCD

为促进油茶全产业链的发展,以粉碎的油茶果壳为原料,通过浸渍吸附钙离子及原位沉淀技术在油茶果壳生长片状的碳酸钙,然后在高温煅烧条件下得到碳负载的氧化钙复合材料,进一步利用硝酸部分刻蚀负载的氧化钙获得多孔钙/油茶果壳碳复合材料。使用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、BET分析仪等对所合成的复合材料及制备过程中的样品进行表征分析,并研究其对亚甲基蓝染料的吸附性能。结果表明,所制备的多孔钙/油茶果壳碳复合材料表面具有疏松多孔结构,比表面积高达118 m^(2)/g,对水体中亚甲基蓝具有优异的吸附性能,且在900℃煅烧处理条件下获得的复合材料吸附性能最好。综上,可为开发高性能的油茶果壳碳材料提供新颖的思路。     

磷酸活化脱墨渣制备中孔活性炭研究

以废纸脱墨渣(污泥)为原料,通过磷酸活化法制备中孔活性炭,以碘吸附值和亚甲基蓝吸附值为考察指标,研究了活化时间、活化温度、浸渍比及磷酸浓度等对活性炭吸附性能的影响。得到的最佳制备条件为:活化时间90 min,活化温度450℃,浸渍比1∶3.5,磷酸浓度70%。此条件下脱墨渣活性炭得率为54.57%,得到的脱墨渣活性炭碘吸附值为421.98 mg/g,亚甲基蓝吸附值为10.97 mL/g,比表面积、总孔容和中孔率分别达715.576 m~2/g、0.353 mL/g和97.45%。磷酸活化法制备的脱墨渣活性炭比表面积较大,中孔发达。红外光谱、扫描电镜及X射线衍射表征表明,脱墨渣活性炭表面含有大量羟基等多种官能团;脱墨渣活性炭的晶化程度较大,微晶不规则,孔隙结构稳固。以脱墨渣为原料采用磷酸活化技术可成功制备出中孔活性炭。     

不同原料低温生物炭的性质及氨氮吸附性能

本研究以油葵秸秆（SS）、扁桃核（AH）和核桃壳（WS）3种组织结构差异较大的农业废弃物为原料,在低温下（250、300、350 ℃）慢速热解制备生物炭材料,探究其性质与氨氮吸附性能。结果表明,热解温度和原料种类对生物炭的性质影响较大,由SS制备性质稳定的生物炭所需碳化温度低,且C元素含量高。含氧官能团含量与热解温度呈负相关,SS、AH和WS在250 ℃时制备生物炭的含氧官能团含量最高,分别为2.65、2.46和2.47 mmol/g;而300 ℃时制备的生物炭对氨氮的平衡吸附量最大（pH值=7）,分别为0.9512、0.9548和0.6085 mg/g。生物炭与溶液中NH₄⁺吸附时存在静电作用,在酸性或阳离子共存条件下,吸附量降低。生物炭和商业活性炭（AC）的吸附过程均符合伪二级动力学模型与Langmuir模型,属于单层化学吸附,且生物炭对氨氮的吸附量高于AC。     

香榧果壳活性炭的制备工艺及影响因素研究

选用香榧果壳为原料,采用微波-磷酸法制备活性炭,分析了样品颗粒度、磷酸浓度、微波功率以及活化时间等因素对香榧外壳活性炭吸附性能和得率的影响。得到了微波-磷酸法制备活性炭的最佳工艺：香榧外壳颗粒度为20～60目,磷酸浓度为50％,微波功率为600W,活化时间为8min,在此工艺条件下所制备的活性炭的得率为36．67％,碘吸附值为857．7 mg/g ,亚甲基蓝吸附值为171 mL/g。利用扫描电镜（ SEM）观察其微观结构表明：活性炭孔道结构发达,孔径多数在1．02～2．21μm。     

油茶果壳制备活性炭的工艺研究

以氢氧化钾作为活化剂来制备油茶果壳活性炭,分别考察了活化剂浓度,料液比,活化温度,活化时间对活性炭产品碘吸附值、亚甲基蓝脱色率的影响,然后通过正交试验优化,得出最佳制备工艺为:温度700℃,料液比1:5,活化剂浓度6 mol/L,活化时间90 min,所得成品亚甲基蓝脱色率达到96.25%,脱色效果良好;碘吸附值达到1145.59 mg/g,吸附性能优良,符合商品活性炭标准。     

磷酸法制备山楂籽粉末活性炭技术的研究

运用响应面法对磷酸浸泡制备山楂籽粉末活性炭的工艺条件进行了优化。采用单因素试验、Plackett-Burman设计及Box-Behnken设计,确定了山楂籽粉末活性炭最佳制备条件:浸泡时间37.3 h、固液比1∶1.1(1 g山楂籽粉末∶1.1 m L磷酸)、磷酸浓度72.8%、碳化时间1.6 h,炭化温度500℃。该条件下山楂籽活粉末性炭的产率为41.11%,亚甲基蓝的吸附值为14 m L。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press