High-pressure apparatus for dielectric measurements in high frequency

The present article describes an experimental apparatus for the measurement of low-loss dielectric material under conditions of high pressures (maximum pressure 1500 bars) and high frequencies (1-15 MHz.) The measurements of these losses are based on the classical method of the Q-meter with a general Radio type 1690-A sample holder, located in a high-pressure bomb. All the manual operations made on the holder during the measurements are controlled by dc motors. The first results have shown that the dielectric losses of polyethylene (PE) vary with the pressure. This apparatus will later be used in the measurement of the dielectric losses of the insulating materials used for submarine telecommunication cables.     

Noise-rejection techniques for impedance and dielectric spectrometers using ubiquitous test and measurement equipment

This work encompassed the development for a frequency-domain impedance and dielectric spectrometer using ubiquitous test and measurement equipment, i.e., signal generators and digital oscilloscopes. Various methods of amplification, noise rejection, and computations were employed to achieve the desired goals. The frequency range of 100 mHz-1 MHz was tested using air capacitors of 3.7 and 14.5 pF and an applied voltage range of 10-300 mV. The multichannel instrument produced a stable and reproducible dual-phase (real and imaginary or magnitude and phase) current sensitivity of 250 fA with an average phase stability of less than 0.5 degrees (tan delta<10(-2)) and a single-phase (magnitude only) current sensitivity of 60 fA.     

Simple cell for the measurement of the radio frequency electrical properties of earth materials

The design of a simple cell for determining the radio frequency electrical properties of earth materials is described. Basically, the cell consists of a coaxial sample holder fitted with electric and magnetic field probes. When excited as a section of transmission line the induced probe voltages are related in a straightforward manner to the electrical properties of the sample. The device is intended for use with a vector voltmeter which permits the direct and simultaneous measurement of the relative amplitudes and phases of these probe voltages. The cell permits the accurate and rapid determination of the conductivity and dielectric constant of earth materials over the frequency range 1 MHz-1 GHz, without the tedious and time consuming procedures associated with the bridge and slotted line techniques commonly used in this frequency range.     

On a criterion for testing the stress-strain state of dielectric materials

Experimental results on studying the electromagnetic emission of uniaxially compressed dielectric composite materials based on epoxy adhesive with a filler are provided. Time instances of the response of mechanoelectrical transformations (MET) to an acoustic pulse have been recorded. Analysis of the results has shown that the linearity of the dependence of a criterion for testing the stress-strain state K _i on the pressure applied to a sample only manifests itself if the sample size contains an integer number of half-waves and the generated normal vibrations are standing waves. It has been established that the transverse symmetric and longitudinal antisymmetric waves render the main contribution to the MET response for the determined critical frequency values.     

介质损耗变频测量仪原理与实现

介质损耗测量是电力系统检测高压电气设备的常规项目；变频测量是一种新的抗干扰技术。文中详细介绍了介质损耗变频测量仅变频测量的基本原理和系统设计的关键技术。     

谐波存在时的改进电能计量方法及应用

为减少谐波存在时的电能计量误差,本文提出一种基于三角自卷积窗的改进谐波电能频域计量算法.首先,采用三角自卷积窗对电压、电流信号进行加权处理,以抑制频谱泄漏和谐波间相互干扰;其次,运用插值FFT算法从频域实现电压、电流信号参数(频率、幅值和相位)的高精度估计值;最后,根据Budeanu给出的谐波电能定义,结合电压、电流信号参数实现谐波电能计量.非同步采样情况下,分别采用典型余弦组合窗(Hanning窗、Blackman-Harris窗与Rife-Vincent窗)和4阶三角自卷积窗进行谐波电能计量的仿真实验结果表明:采用三角自卷积窗函数可克服白噪声和基波频率波动影响,提高了谐波电能计量准确度.本文算法在三相多功能谐波电能表中的应用证明了其有效性和准确性.     

Wear and its measurement for joint prosthesis materials

Progress in the measurement of wear with respect to total joint replacement is outlined. The objectives of a wear evaluation are given and test procedures for both laboratory evaluation of wear and wear evaluation on joint-simulating machines are detailed. Information known about the in vivo conditions which a joint prosthesis faces is given, and there is a discussion of the optimum design of a test machine. The role of factors such as load, speed, lubricant and test configuration are described with respect to their influence of wear mechanisms and wear rates. Consideration is given to the techniques available for the measurement of wear both on laboratory testing machines and on joint simulators. Some problems still remaining, including discrepancies in the wear of certain combinations of materials and the role of the test environment, are discussed. Finally an overall programme for the evaluation of the wear behaviour of a new material is described.     

低温环境下MEMS微构件的动态特性及测试系统

研究了微机电系统(MEMS)微构件的谐振频率等动态特性在低温环境下的变化规律,从理论上分析了改变环境温度对微悬臂梁谐振频率的影响,并对低温环境下微构件的动态特性测试技术进行了研究。研制了低温环境下MEMS动态特性测试系统,采用半导体冷阱实现低温环境,利用压电陶瓷作为底座激励装置的驱动源,通过底座的冲击激励,使微悬臂梁处于自由衰减振动状态,使用激光多普勒测振仪对微悬臂梁的振动响应进行检测,从而获得微悬臂梁的谐振频率。利用研制的测试系统,在-50℃～室温的环境下对单晶硅微悬臂的谐振频率进行了测试,结果表明,随着温度的降低,微悬臂梁的谐振频率略有增大,其谐振频率的温度变化率约为-0.263 Hz/K,与理论分析的结果基本一致。该测试装置能够有效地完成在-50℃～室温环境下微构件的动态特性测试。     

Study of the dielectric properties near the band gap by VEELS: gap measurement in bulk materials

Measuring the band gap of bulk materials by valence electron energy loss spectroscopy (VEELS) is not straightforward. Mathematical procedures used to recover the single scattering distribution from raw data introduce artefacts in the signal, which complicate the gap measurement. In this work, we propose a method to overcome this and measure the direct band gap energy with an accuracy of +/-0.1eV. The method is tested on six crystalline wide-band gap materials: MgO, Ga(2)O(3), SrTiO(3), ZnO, BN and GaN.     

高频半导体激光器的驱动设计及稳定性分析

通过系统地分析影响LD稳定性的主要因素,设计出了计算机实时检测反馈、闭环控制、脉冲稳流的高频LD驱动电源。采用抑制浪涌,减小纹波以及加入延时和软启动电路等多项安全设计及措施确保LD工作的安全性。并且采用半导体制冷片,结合计算机实时检测电路对LD工作温度进行精确控制。初步测量得到LD激光稳定输出功率150 W,温度稳定电路的控温精度达到0.2 ℃,激光频宽为6 GHz的实验结果。     

计量测试中计算机技术的应用

本文从仪器内置高性能PC机、虚拟仪器、计算机控制下的自动测试、证书与数据处理与计量网络化管理几个方面介绍了计算机技术在现代计量测试中的应用,说明了计算机技术在现代计量测试中的重要意义。     

梳状滤波器在介质损耗变频测量中的应用研究

针对介质损耗角tanδ变频测量中遇到的谐波干扰,采用梳状陷波器进行滤除。仿真结果表明,该方法能够有效地抑制谐波干扰,有利于提高测量精度。     

交流断路器用于直流电路和高频电路的有关问题分析

阐述了交流断路器使用于直流电路和高频电路的适应性问题 ,主要技术性能指标可能的变化以及接线的注意点等     

Study on carrier mobility measurement using electroluminescence in frequency domain and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

In this paper, the two methods, electroluminescence in frequency domain and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, have been applied to investigate the carrier mobility in single layer polymer light-emitting diode employing the polymer MEH-PPV (Poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene]) as the light-emitting layer. The carrier mobility μ is 1.64 × 10⁻⁶ cm²/V s under the electric field 8.3 × 10⁵ V/cm measured by the method of electroluminescence in frequency domain. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results indicate that the carrier mobility μ is 1.08 × 10⁻⁶ cm²/V s under the electric field 7.5 × 10⁵ V/cm. A significant advantage of the two methods is that both of them can be applied to measure the carrier mobility in the thin film.     

软件测试领域知识管理技术的研究与应用

针对软件测试领域的特点,首先分析了知识的表示、知识管理模型和知识地图等关键技术.然后在知识共享、知识管理策略选择和知识库检索方面给出了解决方案,形成了一套切实可行的软件测试领域知识管理方法.该方法在实际的测试管理平台系统QESuite2.0中得到了应用,取得了很好的效果.     

分频技术在声表面波传感器频率测量中的应用

介绍了两种频率测量的方法,并在此基础上引进分频技术提高了测量的精度。最后,应用该方法实现了测量声表面波CO气体传感器频率的具体装置。     

基于FIR优化滤波的旋转高频信号注入法及其应用

针对传统旋转高频信号注入法中信号处理精度低、延时时间长及过程复杂等缺陷,提出一种基于有限冲激响应(finite impulse response,FIR)优化滤波的改进旋转高频信号注入法.该方法采用等纹波最佳逼近FIR滤波器提取高频电流信号,实现高频电流信号提取误差最小.通过对高频电流作外差处理,提取转子位置误差信号,省去旋转高频信号注入法中的同步轴系滤波单元,降低系统的复杂性.通过线性相位补偿,实现转子速度与位置估计最小延迟.构建无轴承永磁同步电机无速度传感器矢量控制平台,验证算法的有效性.仿真实验结果表明:通过离线优化设计FIR滤波器及线性相位补偿,该方法在全速范围内能够准确估计转子的位置与速度,与卡尔曼滤波相比,其估计精度更高,鲁棒性更强.     

Apparatus for the high temperature measurement of the Seebeck coefficient in thermoelectric materials

The Seebeck coefficient is a physical parameter routinely measured to identify the potential thermoelectric performance of a material. However, researchers employ a variety of techniques, conditions, and probe arrangements to measure the Seebeck coefficient, resulting in conflicting materials data. To compare and evaluate these methodologies, and to identify optimal Seebeck coefficient measurement protocols, we have developed an improved experimental apparatus to measure the Seebeck coefficient under multiple conditions and probe arrangements (300 K-1200 K). This paper will describe in detail the apparatus design and instrumentation, including a discussion of its capabilities and accuracy as measured through representative diagnostics. In addition, this paper will emphasize the techniques required to effectively manage uncertainty in high temperature Seebeck coefficient measurements.     

Energy dissipation of materials at high pressure and high temperature

We report an experimental method to study the anelastic properties of materials at high pressure and high temperature. The multianvil high pressure deformation device, used to apply a cyclic loading force onto the sample, can reach 15 GPa and 2000 K. A synchrotron x-ray radiation source provides time resolved images of the sample and reference material. The images yield stress and strain as a function of time; stresses are derived from the reference material, and strains from the sample. This method has been tested by applying a sinusoidal stress at megahertz to hertz frequency on a San Carlos olivine specimen at 5 GPa and up to 2000 K. Strain as small as 10(-5) can be resolved. We have obtained experimental results which exhibit resolvable attenuation factor (Q(-1)) and shear modulus (M) at deep Earth conditions. These results are in quantitative agreement with previously reported lower pressure data and suggest that temperature and grain size have dominating effect on these properties.