利用FinniganMAT-252气体同位素质谱计分析碳酸盐氧同位素的结果校正

利用FinniganMAT-252气体同位素质谱计在进行C、O同位素的分析测试过程中,如果待测样品反应过程中的同位素分馏(α2)与工作气体标定反应过程中同位素分馏(α1)不相等,则气体同位素质谱计系统输出结果与样品实际同位素值之间存在偏差。本文提出了一种校正方法校正这种偏差,公式为:真实值=系统输出值+103ln(α1/α2)。对标准物质在不同条件下进行分析测试,再利用此方法进行校正,得到的校正值与标准物质的真实值之间的误差在±0.2‰之内。     

Quantitative analysis of transient surface reactions on planar catalyst with time-resolved time-of-flight mass spectrometry

A procedure for the quantitative analysis of transient surface catalytic reactions in millisecond time resolution has been studied constructing a specially designed apparatus employing (1) pulsed-gas valves for the injection of reactant molecules onto catalysts and (2) a time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOF-MS) to detect every reaction product simultaneously. For a better understanding of the catalytic activity and selectivity for products quantitatively, a procedure for measuring an amount of reactant molecules injected onto catalyst surface and calibrating the intensity of mass signal were proposed and implemented. We tested the applicability of this procedure for the quantitative analysis of products of NO+H(2) reaction on Pt-Al(2)O(3) catalysts (a planar catalyst: Pt-Al(2)O(3)Si substrates inserted into a micro-tube-reactor with SiC balls). Although the surface area of the planar catalyst was very small, the mass signal intensities of the reaction products were found to be sufficient for the above procedure. We measured the fragmentation patterns and the inherent sensitivity factors in the TOF-MS using the mixture of the internal standard gas Ar and the N-containing gases. The relative sensitivity factors for NH(3), N(2), NO, and N(2)O and the relative intensities of fragment peaks to the molecular ion peak of H(2)O and N(2)O were estimated. The procedure constructed here has enabled us to analyze the transient consecutive secondary catalytic reactions as well as primary reactions based on the formation rate of product molecules per millisecond instead of the mass signal intensities of the reaction products.     

在线超低温预浓缩-全二维气相色谱-飞行时间质谱联用系统在大气挥发性有机物监测中的应用

采用自主研制的在线超低温预浓缩设备,连续在线采集大气样品或者连续采集苏玛罐离线样品,对样品进行超低温捕集浓缩和二次超低温冷冻聚焦,采用全二维气相色谱-飞行时间质谱联用技术分离检测浓缩后的挥发性有机物,实现对大气中C2~C12共100多种挥发性有机物的浓缩富集和定性定量分析。本研究对该方法的线性、重复性、加标回收率、检出限等性能进行表征,并与常规一维气相色谱-四极杆质谱联用系统的定性定量结果进行比较。结果表明,该方法不仅满足大气中挥发性有机物检测的性能指标要求,且组分定性定量的准确性、灵敏度等指标均优于一维气相色谱-四极杆质谱联用技术,在挥发性有机物成分较复杂的大气样品检测中具有明显优势。     

电子轰击源垂直加速式飞行时间质谱仪的研制

介绍了自制的电子轰击离子源（electron ionization, EI）垂直加速式飞行时间质谱仪（orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight mass spectrometer, Oa-TOF MS）的原理,结构以及初步的实验结果。搭建了电子轰击源垂直加速式飞行时间质谱仪,并得到室内空气成分谱图。结果表明,仪器分辨率优于2 000（full width at half maximum,FWHM）,质量精度优于4×10^-5,可以用于气体成分的快速定性分析。     

高压模块性能对数字离子阱质谱仪性能的影响

数字线性离子阱质谱仪的供电高压模块的稳定度、负载变化率等参数对数字离子阱的性能有很大影响。为了研究供电高压模块对仪器性能的影响,本工作基于正在研制的便携式数字线性离子阱质谱仪,以1 mg/L苯、甲苯、二甲苯、氯苯混合标准气体为检测对象,研究高压模块性能改进后仪器性能的变化情况。结果表明：通过增加稳压模块的方法,使离子阱质谱仪一级质谱的质量稳定性、离子响应,二级质谱的隔离效率都有较大幅度的提高;一级质谱中,离子的质量轴波动减小到之前的一半,响应值提高了10%以上,二级质谱离子的隔离效率提高了1.6倍。     

无窗射频放电单光子电离质谱在线监测氯苯的研究

氯苯类化合物是垃圾焚烧烟气中二噁英的主要前生体之一,可以作为二噁英在线监测的指示物。本工作采用自行研制的高光子密度的无窗射频放电单光子软电离飞行时间质谱,结合自动富集解析系统对垃圾焚烧烟气中低浓度的氯苯类化合物的在线快速检测进行研究。以氪气为放电气体的无窗射频放电光电离源,替代了商品化的真空紫外（VUV）灯光电离源,既提高了光子的发射效率,又避免了光窗污染。实验结果表明,在单个检测周期内（36 min）, 采用填装200 mg Tenax TA的吸附管对样品预富集10 min,一氯苯、1,3-二氯苯、1,2,4-三氯苯3种物质的线性范围分别为0.5～50、 0.64～65、0.8～80 ng/L,检测限分别达到6.4、9.7、15.2 pg/L（S/N>10）;在6 h连续监测结果中,3种氯苯类化合物的信号强度相对标准偏差（RSD）分别为7.5%、5.8%、11.1%。该仪器对垃圾焚烧烟气中二噁英主要前生体的在线监测具有很大的应用潜力,该方法可为氯苯类化合物的在线自动化检测奠定基础。     

高温气冷堆及其乏燃料中核素的质谱分析技术

质谱技术发展初期主要用于与核工业相关的无机同位素丰度的测定,随着核工业的兴起与发展,质谱技术被广泛应用于核燃料与核材料中杂质分析、核燃料燃耗测定以及核素分析等领域。本工作从质谱技术用于高温气冷堆运行中产生的氚检测、乏燃料中痕量钚（Pu）和镎（Np）测定以及乏燃料中¹⁴C测定的原理及应用、研究方法的优缺点三方面展开论述,阐述了用于高温气冷堆及其乏燃料中核素分析方面的气体同位素质谱仪（GIMS）、电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（ICP-MS）、激光共振电离质谱仪（LRIMS）以及加速器质谱仪（AMS）的研制及应用现状,分析了仪器本身及其应用方面存在的问题及发展趋势,讨论了未来相关质谱技术的发展方向,并提出可能的解决方案。为了使质谱技术能够更加有效地应用于高温气冷堆的研究,迫切需要发展体积小、结构简单、便于操作的智能化仪器。     

Scanning mass spectrometer for quantitative reaction studies on catalytically active microstructures

We describe an apparatus for spatially resolving scanning mass spectrometry which is able to measure the gas composition above catalytically active microstructures or arrays of these microstructures with a lateral resolution of better than 100 mum under reaction conditions and which allows us to quantitatively determine reaction rates on individual microstructures. Measurements of the three-dimensional gas composition at different vertical distances and separations between active structures allow the evaluation of gas phase mass transport effects. The system is based on a piezoelectrically driven positioning substage for controlled lateral and vertical positioning of the sample under a rigidly mounted capillary probe connecting to a mass spectrometer. Measurements can be performed at pressures in the range of <10(-2)-10 mbars and temperatures between room temperature and 450 degrees C. The performance of the setup is demonstrated using the CO oxidation reaction on Pt microstructures on Si with sizes between 100 and 300 mum and distances in the same order of magnitude, evaluating CO(2) formation and CO consumption above the microstructures. The rapidly decaying lateral resolution with increasing distance between sample and probe underlines the effects of (lateral) gas transport in the room between sample and probe. The reaction rates and apparent activation energy obtained from such measurements agree with previous data on extended surfaces, demonstrating the feasibility of determining absolute reaction rates on individual microstructures.     

小型高性能质子转移反应飞行时间质谱仪的研制及其在呼吸气成分分析中的应用

研制可快速、在线分析挥发性有机物(volatile organic compounds,VOCs)的质谱仪器是现代气态有机质谱的重要发展方向.本研究自行研制了小型高性能质子转移反应飞行时间质谱仪(proton transfer reaction time of flight mass spectrometry,PTR-...     

环十二酮肟及其羧酸脂的EIMS研究

对环十二酮肟（A）及其行生物（B1～B9）进行了EIMS裂解规律的研究，十二酮肟环开裂后主要形成CnH2n-1C＝NOH及CnH2nCNOH系列的离子，羟基转移后脱C7H14CN形成基峰．羟基氢原子被OC（O）R取代后，取代基的a位及等基裂解成为主要方式。     

监控软件对小型流程质谱分析系统的性能优化

小型流程质谱计是一种以四极质谱计为分析器、对工业过程中的气体成分进行监控和分析的仪器。其广泛应用于现代化工、制药、建材、食品等工业,对生产流程、质量进行精确控制,小型流程质谱计分析系统性能的高低直接影响这些产品的生产和质量,其性能指标主要指分析系统的稳定性和精度。本文从监控软件设计的数学建模、分析方法等方面探讨如何提高分析系统的性能。     

短杆单极质谱计性能研究

对单极质谱计易于实现高分辨率进行了分析,研制了电极长度为100mm、质量分析器场半径r0=5mm的单极质谱计,实测该仪器质量数范围M=223,在N2+峰10%峰高处分辨率R=30,实验证明该仪器可以用于残余气体分析领域。     

A time-of-flight mass spectrometer for monitoring the inhalational anesthesia concentration in the real-time mode

The use of a medical mass spectrometer for measuring the concentration of the gas mixture components in the breathing circuit of an inhalational anesthesia machine in the real-time mode is described. The resolution of the mass spectrometer is M/ΔM = 200, and the detection threshold in terms of the partial pressure of the analyzed gases is 2 × 10^?12 mbar. The mass spectrometer is capable of measuring the volumetric content of CO₂, O₂, and inhalational anesthetic sevoflurane. The respiratory coefficient (CO₂/O₂) was measured during anesthesia to estimate the patient’s stress reaction to a surgical injury.     

Structures,energetics, and dynamics of gas phase ions studied by FTICR and HPMS

Both Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR‐MS) and high‐pressure mass spectrometry (HPMS) are very powerful tools in the field of gas phase ion chemistry. Many experimental method developments based on FTICR‐MS and HPMS are summarized, including the coupling of a high‐pressure external ion source to a FTICR mass spectrometer, blackbody infrared radiative dissociation (BIRD), coupling laser desorption ionization with HPMS, infrared multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD), radiative association and bimolecular routes to gas phase cluster ion formation. An abundance of thermochemical data, such as proton affinities, gas phase acidities, methyl cation affinities and metal cation affinities, have been obtained. Some of these data are the basis of the standard data listed in the NIST thermochemical databases. Ion–molecule interactions, energetics, reactivities, and structures of molecules have been extensively investigated using the methods developed based on HPMS and FTICR mass spectrometric techniques. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 28:546–585, 2009     

Time-of-flight spectroscopy of the energy distribution of laser-ablated atoms and ions

The growth of ultrathin films, deposited by laser ablation, crucially depends on the energy of the ablated species. Therefore, a time-of-flight (TOF) spectrometer has been constructed and measurements have been carried out in order to determine the energy distribution of laser-ablated Fe and Pt atoms and ions in the plasma created by nanosecond pulses of a frequency-doubled neodymium doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser. The experiments have been performed in ultrahigh vacuum at relatively low laser power. For measuring the spectra of the neutrals, a cross-beam electron source for postionization and electric as well as magnetic fields for repelling the ions are employed. Nevertheless, measurements of neutral particles are restricted to low plasma densities due to electrostatic shielding within the plasma, leading to an inefficient deflection of charged particles by electrostatic and magnetic fields. Test measurements have been performed by utilizing the TOF spectrometer as a pressure gauge and also by chopping the electron beam, running the TOF spectrometer as a residual gas mass spectrometer. The spectra of the laser-ablated plasmas have shown plasma conditions with a Debye length of approximately 10(-4) m, densities of 10(15)-10(16) m(-3) and ion energies up to 150 eV. Neutral spectra have shown an unexpectedly low fraction of neutrals (10(-3)-10(-4)) and hyperthermal energies up to several 10 eV, possibly contributed by recombination of ions and electrons in the plasma. Even though gas spectra had demonstrated the expected sensitivity of the TOF spectrometer for low-energy neutrals, no thermally evaporated neutral atoms could be found.     

Determination of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins,dibenzofurans, and biphenyls by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in the negative chemical ionization mode with different reagent gases

Reagent gases that are used in mass spectrometry in the NCI mode for the determination of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and biphenyls (PCBs) are discussed. Ion-molecule reactions and respective characteristic ions that form while using reagent gases (CH(4), O(2), i-C(4)H(10), NH(3), H(2), He, Ar, Xe, SF(6)) or gas mixtures (CH(4)/O(2), Ar/CH(4), CH(4)/H(2)O, Ar/O(2), i-C(4)H(10)/CH(2)Cl(2)/O(2)) are reviewed. It is shown that only CH(4), O(2), CH(4)/O(2), and CH(4)/N(2)O are widely used and well studied, even though-in the case of these reagent gases-there are contradictions between the publications of various authors. Such reagent gases as NH(3) and He are not well studied, but further investigations of their use for the determination of organochlorine pollutants could be of interest. The possibilities of more sensitive and selective determination of PCDDs, PCDFs, and PCBs are discussed.     

Selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) for on-line trace gas analysis

Selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) is a new analytical technique for the real-time quantification of several trace gases simultaneously in air and breath. It relies on chemical ionization of the trace gas molecules in air/breath samples introduced into helium carrier gas using H(3)O(+), NO(+), and O(2) (+.) precursor ions. Reactions between the precursor ions and trace gas molecules proceed for an accurately defined time, the precursor and product ions being detected and counted by a downstream mass spectrometer, thus effecting quantification. Absolute concentrations of trace gases in single breath exhalation can be determined by SIFT-MS down to ppb levels, obviating sample collection and calibration. Illustrative examples of SIFT-MS studies include (i) analysis of gases from combustion engines, animals and their waste, and food; (ii) breath and urinary headspace studies of metabolites, ethanol metabolism, elevated acetone during ovulation, and exogenous compounds; and (iii) urinary infection and the presence of tumors, the influence of dialysis on breath ammonia, acetone, and isoprene, and acetaldehyde released by cancer cells in vitro. Flowing afterglow mass spectrometry (FA-MS) is briefly described, which allows on-line quantification of deuterium in breath water vapor.     

国产高分辨飞行时间质谱仪在药物分子结构鉴定中的应用

为了考察自主研发的API-TOF MS 10000电喷雾高分辨飞行时间质谱仪（ESI-TOF MS）对离子准确质量数测定的准确性及其在新药研发中的应用前景,采用该仪器对新药研发中涉及的291个天然产物及合成物进行质谱分析。以三氟乙酸钠为内标物进行仪器质量轴校准,将测试得到的目标离子准确质量数与理论准确质量数对比,计算两者的相对误差。结果表明：248个样品的分子质量测试结果与预期一致;对其中202个样品进行高分辨质谱测试,所得实验值与理论准确质量数之间的相对误差均小于5×10^-6;与预期不一致的实验结果提示样品的结构解析有误,并得到了其他波谱数据的验证。采用API-TOF MS 10000和美国AB Sciex公司的QSIAR Elite型Q/TOF MS对抗癌药物马来酸阿法替尼和降糖药利格列汀杂质进行质谱分析。结果表明,自主研发的API-TOF MS 10000与国际同类仪器对药物分子准确质量数的测试结果无明显差异,可以提供化合物准确的分子质量和分子式信息,是新药研发中药物分子结构解析的有力工具。     

Hybrid quadrupole mass filter∕quadrupole ion trap∕time-of-flight-mass spectrometer for infrared multiple photon dissociation spectroscopy of mass-selected ions

We present a laboratory-constructed mass spectrometer optimized for recording infrared multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD) spectra of mass-selected ions using a benchtop tunable infrared optical parametric oscillator∕amplifier (OPO∕A). The instrument is equipped with two ionization sources, an electrospray ionization source, as well as an electron ionization source for troubleshooting. This hybrid mass spectrometer is composed of a quadrupole mass filter for mass selection, a reduced pressure (～10(-5) Torr) quadrupole ion trap (QIT) for OPO irradiation, and a reflectron time-of-flight drift tube for detecting the remaining precursor and photofragment ions. A helium gas pulse is introduced into the QIT to temporarily increase the pressure and hence enhance the trapping efficiency of axially injected ions. After a brief pump-down delay, the compact ion cloud is subjected to the focused output from the continuous wave OPO. In a recent study, we implemented this setup in the study of protonated tryptophan, TrpH(+), as well as collision-induced dissociation products of this protonated amino acid [W. K. Mino, Jr., K. Gulyuz, D. Wang, C. N. Stedwell, and N. C. Polfer, J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2, 299 (2011)]. Here, we give a more detailed account on the figures of merit of such IRMPD experiments. The appreciable photodissociation yields in these measurements demonstrate that IRMPD spectroscopy of covalently bound ions can be routinely carried out using benchtop OPO setups.     

气相色谱-飞行时间质谱测定毒鼠强精确质量及其在生物样品检测中的应用

应用气相色谱-飞行时间质谱(GC-TOFMS)和自建质量校正方法测定了剧毒鼠药-毒鼠强精确离子质量,质量误差小于2 m amu(毫原子质量单位),推测出离子元素组成为C4H8N4O4S2,提高了定性分析的准确性;用选择质量色谱和内标法,毒鼠强在0.10～10.0 mg/L成线性,相关系数大于0.999,仪器检出限为40pg(信噪比>5);用液-液萃取GC-TOFMS测定了某城市特大毒鼠强中毒事件的有毒食品和中毒者样品,均检出毒鼠强;并利用检测结果可对治疗效果予以评估。