Kinetic friction characterizations of the tubular rubber seals

In this paper, both the kinetic friction characterizations and the stick–slip motion phenomena for the tubular rubber seals are studied. First, the kinetic friction model of the rubber seal is established to explain the kinetic friction mechanism of the tubular rubber seals. Second, both the measurement principle and the test instrument for the kinetic friction properties of the tubular rubber seals are developed, and then both the normal force curve and the friction force curve are obtained. Finally, the influences of the sliding velocity and the compressive displacement on the kinetic friction properties and the stick–slip motion of the tubular rubber seals are analyzed. The results will play an important role for designing and evaluating advanced rubber seal components.     

不同活塞杆用密封件应力松弛现象研究

该文利用广州机械科学研究院有限公司自有的油封径向力测试仪以及定制加工的轴套对Y圈,轴用方形圈,轴用阶梯圈以及V组等4种不同类型的活塞杆用橡塑密封件在特定温度下以及在宽温域下的应力松弛现象进行了研究。结果表明,随着温度的升高以及时间的推移,4种同一轴径、不同材料、不同结构形式的活塞杆用密封件均出现了应力松弛的现象,且不同密封件,其径向力初始值以及应力松弛的规律不同。     

轿车密封条压缩变形的基础性能研究

开发研制新型密封条压缩过程的力－位移动态测试装置,通过计算机控制,可以实现不同压缩速度下的力－位移响应特征测试。该装置不仅能够评价各种密封条结构对车门关闭力的影响,同时也为采用Ｍａｒｃ等ＣＡＥ分析软件进行密封条结构设计和优化奠定了基础。     

Analysis of Multi-Land High Pressure Oil Seals

An analysis for the laminar/turbulent flow in high pressure oil ring seals is presented. A fully-developed bulk-flow model for low axial Reynolds numbers is introduced to predict the static and dynamic force response of multi-land oil seals. The model includes the effects of bearing surface roughness, variable seal clearances, fluid inertia and viscous loss effects at the inlet of the first land in a multi-land oil seal. Internal groove pressures in the seals are determined via a mass conservation algorithm with Reynolds condition at the cavitation inception zone. Predictions show that the viscosity effect at the seal inlet is minimal for turbulent flow across the seal. However, for laminar oil seals, the entrance loss viscous effect can substantially increase the direct stiffness. Load capacity and rotordynamic force coefficients for one-land, two-land and three-land seal examples are discussed in detail.     

螺旋槽上游泵送机械密封性能的解析计算

利用螺旋槽轴承的“窄槽”理论,计算分析了螺旋槽上游泵送机械密封的开启力、摩擦功耗和上游泵送速率等性能,给出了可用于该类密封设计的计算式。     

磁表面张力--磁流体密封机理研究的新思路

本语文从液体与固体界面之间的关系,以及它们之间存在的表面张力入手,从另一个角度探讨了磁流体密封的机理。通过分析和试验,得出了磁流体密封能力与表面张力间的定必顷把磁性力作为附加的范德瓦引力的新思路基础上,提出了磁表面张力新概念,为研究磁流体密封能力作限一些基础性的工作。     

可倾气封与固定气封性能试验比较分析

提出一种新型可倾气封。与传统固定式气封相比,可倾气封块在气流力作用下可以绕支点作自适应摆动,当气封块达到平衡位置时,切向激振力减小,从而提高稳定性。试验采用不平衡同频激励法测定可倾气封的动力特性,研究和比较了可倾气封和传统固定式气封的动静态性能。试验结果表明,两种气封泄漏量相当,可倾气封内产生的切向气流力比固定气封小。低压比下两种气封动力特性系数相近,随着压比的增大,动力特性系数差异逐渐增大。以气流力对气缸的做功量大小为综合评判依据,发现可倾气封做功量明显小于固定气封,压比越大,做功量差异也越大,可倾气封的稳定性较高。对于大型旋转机械而言,气封进出口压比很大,两种气封动力特性的差异将会更大。     

基于Fluent的螺旋槽上游泵送机械密封三维微间隙流场数值模拟

密封端面微间隙液膜特性是上游泵送机械密封性能研究的关键。采用Pro/E wildfire软件建立参数化螺旋槽上游泵送机械密封端面微间隙液膜几何模型,以清水为工作介质,使用Fluent软件,对跨尺度密封端面微间隙流场进行三维数值模拟,得到开启力及压力分布规律,并与有关测试结果进行对比分析,实验数据与模拟数值基本吻合,表明所采用的模拟方案可对螺旋槽上游泵送机械密封微间隙三维流场进行较好地描述,该方法可用于密封端面微间隙流场及性能的系统研究;对端面压强分布进行分析,结果表明,在螺旋槽外槽根处存在最大静压,液膜开启力的增大主要来源于槽根产生的最大静压。     

Interacting force estimation during blade/seal rubs

Abradable seals are used in aeronautical compressors to minimize the blade–casing clearance while ensuring the integrity of the mechanical parts in the invent of contact. Considering the tight clearance, in-flight blade–seal interactions may occur and have to be taken into account when designing abradable seals. The blade–seal interacting force is difficult to access but constitutes a key feature to understand the phenomena and to develop numerical models. The present paper aims to present an experimental methodology to estimate the blade–seal interacting force from indirect measurements. The methodology has been applied to a short interaction produced on a dedicated test rig in conditions representative of the full-scale configuration. The obtained force was correlated with the wear profile of the abradable seal.     

转轴-可倾瓦-密封系统振动稳定性测试分析

针对现场实测振动数据表明转轴-可倾瓦-密封系统存在的振动失稳问题,从可倾瓦参数的理论模型、汽流激振力、进汽方式、运行参数、轴承载荷、安装工艺等角度分析转轴-可倾瓦-密封系统振动失稳的原因,并深入讨论转轴-可倾瓦-密封系统振动稳定裕度问题,提出用对数衰减率、系统阻尼、系统抗定常干扰界限值来描述系统的稳定性。     

一种基于双目视觉数字图像相关的机械密封端面变形测量系统的设计

基于双目视觉数字图像相关技术,设计了机械密封端面变形测量系统的方案。选用合适的高速数字摄像机、镜头、采集卡、光源、标定板、支架系统和服务器等构建了该系统的硬件,并基于双目视觉数字图像相关方法开发了相关软件。该系统可实现机械密封表面的三维形貌以及在力、热载荷作用下变形的全场测量,结构简单,使用方便。这为研究影响机械密封变形的关键因素及探索减小其变形的措施奠定了基础。     

Eccentricity and Misalignment Effects on the Performance of High-Pressure Annular Seals

Annular pressure seals act as powerful hydrostatic bearings and influence the dynamic characteristics of rotating machinery. This work, using the existing concentric seal theories, provides a simple approximate method for calculation of both seal leakage and the dynamic coefficients for short seals with large eccentricity and/or misalignment of the shaft. Rotation and surface roughness effects are included for leakage and dynamic force calculation. The leakage calculations for both laminar and turbulent flow are compared with experimental results. The dynamic coefficients are compared with analytical results. Excellent agreement between the present work and published results have been observed up to the eccentricity ratio of 0.8.     

自适应回弹填料密封结构设计及有限元分析

针对传统填料密封结构刚性不足和径向力与压盖距离呈指数规律递减的现象,开发了一种自适应回弹填料密封,即在填料中增加开口空心金属环作为支撑件。通过有限元分析得出此密封结构弥补了传统填料密封的缺点,增加了石墨填料密封耐高压的效果,同时可以增加径向力,降低预紧力,在某些工况下可以取代机械密封。     

磁力传动联轴器及其应用

简要介绍了磁力传动联轴器的结构、原理及其应用 ,采用磁力传动联轴器可以实现无接触密封传动 ,以解决高压釜和输送泵在处理高压、易燃、易爆和剧毒介质时 ,由于动密封处产生泄漏而对环境造成的危害     

反旋流对密封静力与动力特性影响的理论与试验研究

设计加工无/有反旋流共4种密封结构,从理论与实验两个方面研究反旋流对密封静力与动力特性的影响规律。建立反旋流密封静力特性CFD模型,理论分析反旋流对密封间隙流体切向速度、周向压力分布以及泄漏特性的影响;设计搭建反旋流密封动力特性试验台,试验测试无/有反旋流密封的泄漏特性,应用不平衡同频激励法试验研究反旋流对密封动力特性的影响。研究结果表明:反旋流可减小密封间隙流体的切向速度,进而降低密封间隙流体的周向压力差,且密封间隙流体周向压差随切向速度的减小而降低,这是反旋流抑制密封气流激振力的主要原因;密封的泄漏量随进出口压比的增加而增大,两者近似呈线性关系;与无反旋流密封相比,反旋流密封增加了密封的泄漏量,且随着进出口压比的增加,两者泄漏量差异增大;密封的动力特性系数的随密封进出口压比与转速的增加而增大。在相同工况下,主刚度大于交叉刚度约一个数量级,主阻尼与交叉阻尼数量级相同,且主阻尼大于交叉阻尼;反旋流可有效降低密封的等效刚度,增加密封的等效阻尼,提高密封的稳定性。     

Parametric Study of Spiral Groove Gas Face Seals

A finite element analysis for the isothermal flow in spiral groove gas face seals is detailed along with a successive approximation method for the iterative solution of the nonlinear Reynolds equation. Zeroth- and first-order pressure fields are calculated for evaluation of the seal opening force and leakage and the axial stiffness and damping force coefficients, respectively. A parametric study shows the static and dynamic force behavior of a baseline SGFS operating with a large pressure ratio. The recommended geometric parameters presented ensure large static stiffness and damping force coefficients while still allowing for low seal leakage rates. A reduction in the power loss and a significant increase in the seal static stiffness coefficient are unique features of thin seal dams.     

Performance evaluation of high pressure sleeve seal

Sealing problems for reciprocating pumps or intensifiers operating at high pressures (above 100 MPa) may be solved by adopting a closely fitting externally pressurized sleeve. This paper presents an elastohydrodynamic (EHD) analysis for such high pressure sleeve type seals and examines the effects of structural and operational parameters on their high pressure performance characteristics. The effects of pressure on the viscosity and density of the working fluid are also considered in the analysis. The numerical results clearly indicate that the sealing efficiency of high pressure sleeve seals can be enhanced with elastic deformation of both the sleeve and the plunger. The effect of working pressure on the stiffness of the sleeve seal and the induced frictional force are also presented. The study of the effect of eccentricity on the radial stiffness shows that it leads to a large radial force and the plunger is pressed on the sleeve surface, hereby termed ‘hydraulic locking’. This phenomenon results in an increase in frictional forces which is one of the key factors for the limited working life of the seal.     

An experimental identification model of rotordynamic coefficients of seals using unbalanced synchronous excitation method

This study presents an improved impedance method based on unbalanced synchronous excitation to identify the rotordynamic coefficients of labyrinth seals. The rotordynamic coefficient test is implemented near the cylinder resonance frequency to enlarge the influence of seal force. The force generated by the rotor unbalance is used to provide synchronous frequency excitation for the rotordynamic coefficient test. Four unique equations are set up under two sets of different rotor unbalance conditions to obtain four unknown complex rotordynamic coefficients. The factors that influence the rotordynamic coefficients of seals, namely, unbalance mass, inlet/outlet pressure ratio, and rotating speed, are considered. The dynamic coefficients are minimally affected by different rotor unbalances. The direct items are nearly equal with same signs, whereas the cross-coupled items are nearly equal with opposite signs. All coefficients increase with increasing inlet/outlet pressure ratio and rotating speed. The direct stiffness coefficients increase more quickly than the cross-coupled items. In addition, the effect stiffness and effect damping coefficients are analyzed; results indicate that both coefficients increase with increasing rotating speed.     

锥度对螺旋槽气体端面密封稳态特性的影响

提出一种考虑螺旋槽气体密封端面径向锥度的理论模型。利用有限元法求解密封端面间气膜控制方程——雷诺方程，得到了端面膜压分布。计算了密封稳态性能参数，并与有关文献值进行了比较。分析了端面锥度对密封稳态特性的影响，进一步预测了密封端面出现接触摩擦的临界锥度。结果表明，锥度改变了端面膜压分布，并显著影响开启力、气膜刚度以及泄漏率等参数；过度变形将会导致密封因端面接触或大量泄漏而失效。     

激光加工的多孔端面机械密封的性能数值分析

建立激光加工多孔端面机械密封的分析模型,采用有限差分法求解雷诺方程,得到不同操作条件和微孔结构参数 下密封端面间的流体压力分布,进而可以计算端面间的密封开启力和液膜刚度。通过分析端面结构参数对密封开启力 和液膜刚度的影响规律,可得到端面结构的优化参数。分析结果表明,微孔密封面可产生明显的动压效应。