LED光源照明微投影仪系统的设计

随着LCOS技术的发展,投影仪趋于微型化,而投影系统的分辨力也不断提高,因此对投影仪的光源系统的要求就越来越高,希望得到高强度以及光学扩展量小的光束。采用两个LED面光源作为投影仪的照明光源,使用包括了与偏振光转换系统耦合的光棒以及照明透镜的FF光学系统,使光源发出的光得到充分的均匀,并尽量地会聚在LCOS上。模拟结果表明,该照明系统达到了所要求的照度,并且整个系统结构简单,非常紧凑。     

An excimer source of visible light

A gas-discharge excimer radiation source in the visible spectral region has been developed on the basis of a mixture of cadmium diiodide vapors and helium excited by a repetitively pulsed barrier discharge. The source radiation spectrum consists mainly of superimposed spectral bands of emission of cadmium iodide in the range 470–700 nm. The mean radiation power from the source surface (114.5 cm²) is 55 W, the pulse power is 105 kW, and the efficiency is ～10%. Approximately 90% of the radiation power is concentrated in the red region, which is much higher than in high-pressure sodium lamps at comparable energies deposited into the working mixtures. Such sources can be used to efficiently control photosynthesis and the growth and development of plants and algae.     

A wide-aperture Cerenkov counter with a water radiator

The design of a Cerenkov counter with a water radiator (200×400 mm), containing a wavelength shifter, is described. The counter was used for π- andK-meson selection in a positive-particle beam with 250–1000-MeV/c momentum.     

Frequency-domain fluorescence microscopy with the LED as a light source

We describe a frequency-domain lifetime fluorometer based on a microscope and a modulated light-emitting diode (LED) excitation source (370/460 nm), which operates in the frequency range 120 Hz–250 MHz. We collected multifrequency phase and modulation fluorescence responses from cellular areas as small as 10–15 µm in diameter. We also collected fluorescence lifetime data from cells stained by a lipophilic coumarin sensitized europium fluorophore, Coum-Eu, with a millisecond lifetime, and Ru(bpy)₂phe-C₁₂, with microsecond lifetime. Nanosecond lifetimes from native nuclei stained with SYTO 14 and SYTO 16 probes were measured as well. We demonstrate that a simple LED excitation source can, for many applications, successfully replace complex and expensive laser systems, which have been used for cellular frequency-domain lifetime measurements. As the LEDs are very stable with low noise, it will be possible to image even smaller sample areas using brighter LEDs. With availability of modulated LEDs emitting at several wavelengths covering almost the entire visible spectrum it is easy to assemble a system for the fluorophore of choice. The ability to select an excitation source for a given fluorophore and low price make such an excitation source even more practical.     

Examining water trees in polythene using a flexible light source

A battery powered flexible surgical light can be used as an inexpensive light source for transmission microscopy through 2 mm thick walls of polythene cups, where it is not possible to use a conventional condenser. With ASA 400 film photographic exposure times are 5–10 s. The illuminator has been used to study water trees in polythene.     

基于多光源的光谱分布可调谐光源系统

针对定标光源和遥感器在轨探测目标的光谱非匹配对空间光学遥感器实验室辐射定标精度的影响,设计了一种基于发光二极管（LED）和基底光源的光谱分布可调谐光源。采用该光源模拟了典型地物目标光谱,用于遥感器的实验室绝对辐射定标,大幅降低了光谱非匹配带来的影响。首先,从理论上分析了光谱非匹配影响遥感器绝对辐射定标精度的机理;然后,根据设计指标确定了光源的设计方案,解决了光源的选型与光谱匹配算法设计、光谱分布可调谐光源驱动和控制系统、目标光谱匹配与光谱反馈调整、光谱分布可调谐光源光机设计等四项关键技术问题;最后,对光源进行了性能测试。测试结果显示：等能光谱和6 000 K黑体光谱的光谱匹配误差分别为6.37%和8.76%,出光口的辐照度非均匀度为0.53%,30 min内的辐照度不稳定度为0.03%,水平方向±30°内的辐亮度角度非均匀度为0.80%,各波长处光谱辐亮度值均高于0.07 W/（m²·sr·nm）,410~900 nm波段积分辐亮度为58.3 W/（m²·sr）,均满足设计指标。     

LED的光谱分布可调光源的设计

介绍了一种光谱分布可调光源的设计,该光源由积分球和大量不同颜色的LED组成.在可见波段.这种光源能产生不同光谱曲线,可以模拟很多不同光源的光谱分布.该项设计通过仿真使光源的光谱分布模拟目标光源的光谱分布,并设计了电源控制箱精确地控制每个LED模块.光源的面非均匀性为0.53%,角度特性在±10°以内,最大偏差为0.77%.这种新型光源在光辐射测量中可以作为一种传递标准.     

Point light source detection characteristics of a SEC vidicon digital TV camera

Optimization of the point source detection properties of a Secondary Electron Conduction (SEC) vidicon TV camera tube as a detector of point light sources such as star fields or certain optical spectra requires the accurate determination of peak height, half-peak width, background, and location of the point image. Two perpendicular Gaussian curves have been used to define a point image, allowing changes in the parameters of these Gaussian curves to be used in the study of SEC vidicon point source properties as a function of electrical and optical parameters. Peak height was shown to depend on priming time and a method was developed to reduce the priming time by almost an order of magnitude by momentarily raising the target voltage during priming. Power supply specifications needed for 0.1 pixel (picture element) addressing accuracy were found to be +/-0.03 V. Focus current was optimized to obtain the best sensitivity and resolution over the entire target. Peak height, background, and half-peak width were found to be strongly dependent on readout beam current. Target voltage, over the limited range examined, was found to affect only the gain without compromising other image parameters, so that any value could be used, consistent with gain and sensitivity required.     

Design and evaluation of an imaging spectrophotometer incorporating a uniform light source

Accounting for light that is diffusely scattered from a surface is one of the practical challenges in reflectance measurement. Integrating spheres are commonly used for this purpose in point measurements of reflectance and transmittance. This solution is not directly applicable to a spectral imaging application for which diffuse reflectance measurements are desired. In this paper, an imaging spectrophotometer design is presented that employs a uniform light source to provide diffuse illumination. This creates the inverse measurement geometry to the directional illumination/diffuse reflectance mode typically used for point measurements. The final system had a spectral range between 400 and 1000 nm with a 5.2 nm resolution, a field of view of approximately 0.5 m by 0.5 m, and millimeter spatial resolution. Testing results indicate illumination uniformity typically exceeding 95% and reflectance precision better than 1.7%.     

Advanced light ion source extraction system for a new electron cyclotron resonance ion source geometry at Saclay

One of the main goal of intense light ion injector projects such as IPHI, IFMIF, or SPIRAL2, is to produce high current beams while keeping transverse emittance as low as possible. To prevent emittance growth induced in a dual solenoid low energy transfer line, its length has to be minimized. This can be performed with the advanced light ion source extraction system concept that we are developing: a new ECR 2.45 GHz type ion source based on the use of an additional low energy beam transport (LEBT) short length solenoid close to the extraction aperture to create the resonance in the plasma chamber. The geometry of the source has been considerably modified to allow easy maintenance of each component and to save space in front of the extraction. The source aims to be very flexible and to be able to extract high current ion beams at energy up to 100 kV. A specific experimental setup for this source is under installation on the BETSI test bench, to compare its performances with sources developed up to now in the laboratory, such as SILHI, IFMIF, or SPIRAL2 ECR sources. This original extraction source concept is presented, as well as electromagnetic simulations with OPERA-2D code. Ion beam extraction in space charge compensation regime with AXCEL, and beam dynamics simulation with SOLMAXP codes show the beam quality improvement at the end of the LEBT.     

星上LED定标光源的可行性研究

对发光二极管作星上定标光源的可行性进行了分析研究.测量了LED的工作稳定性,对LED做了开合试验,讨论了它的电流特性.在真空环境下,分析了LED的冷热特性和抗辐射性能.结果表明,LED持续点燃1 200 h的衰减量＜1.2X;其开合重复性很好,但存在10～15 min的不稳定性;改变电流会引起LED发光强度和波长不同程度的变化;温度的变化也同样会影响LED的发光强度、正向偏压以及峰值波长.真空状态下,由于传输介质不同,LED的发光强度会有所增加,但其封装材料真空挥发产生的影响不大;在抗辐射外壳的保护下,空间辐射对LED发光强度的影响不超过0.5%/a.经过分析讨论,证明将LED应用于星上定标是可行的.     

基于LED光谱分布可调光源的设计

发光二极管（LED）是一种半导体固体发光器件。在可见-近红外波段的光辐射测量和光电探测器的定标中,发光二极管显示出高辐射亮度、高电光转换效率、可组合调配光谱分布、发光性能稳定等独特优点,可作为辐射度学,光度学和色度学研究的新型参考光源。本文介绍了一种光谱分布可调光源的设计,它由积分球和大量不同颜色的LED组成。在可见波段,这种光源能产生不同光谱分布,可以模拟很多不同光源的光谱分布。光源设计通过仿真使光源的光谱分布模拟目标光源的光谱分布,并设计了电源控制箱精确地控制每个LED模块。这种新型光源在光辐射测量中可以作为一种传递标准。     

An Aerogel Threshold Cerenkov Counter

The results of a study of the properties of aerogel manufactured at the Laboratory of Nuclear Problems, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, are presented. The technology of the production of aerogel samples and the optical characteristics of these samples are briefly described. A formula relating the refractive index of the aerogel to its density with regard to the dispersion of light is analyzed. The results of testing of an aerogel threshold Cerenkov counter are presented. Testing was performed using a beam of charged particles with momenta p ranging from p = 0.4–2.5 GeV/. The efficiency of pion detection with p 1 GeV/ was 97%; the efficiency of proton detection with p 2.5 GeV/c, 4%.     

超荧光光源温度动态特性的分析及控制

针对高精度光纤陀螺对光源稳定性的需求,提出了一种以32位数字信号处理器TMS320F2812为核心的掺铒超荧光光纤光源(SFS)的数字化温控方案。以该光纤光源(SFS)为研究对象,分析了现有的光源温度控制技术的优缺点;在模拟控制方案的基础上,提出了"数字恒流源+数字温控"的方案。研究了热电制冷器(TEC)的工作特性、SFS泵浦源的内部结构和传热机理,建立了SFS光源管芯温控系统的数学模型。设计了相应的连续域超前-滞后校正网络,并进行控制器的离散化处理,得到了PID数字补偿控制算法。最后,实验验证了SFS光源的数字化温控系统的温控精度。结果表明,在20~90℃,系统温控精度优于±0.05℃,满足了光纤陀螺低功耗、小型化等要求。     

单列光源反射式光幕靶检测弹着点

为了降低弹丸着靶点检测的成本,提出了一种新的弹着点检测原理。采用单列光源,经两面条形表面反射镜反射后,形成"Z"型的三道光幕,用于实现对弹丸等飞行目标的测速及定位。弹丸的速度和着靶点水平方向的坐标可以通过对时间的测量得到,弹丸着靶点竖直方向的坐标可以通过单列光探测器获知。文中对检测原理进行了研究,对光源、探测器、信号特征、有效测试区域、射频测试能力等进行了分析,并在桌面进行了原理性试验。高速摄影机拍摄的小球坐标与"Z"型结构测量出的坐标相对位置误差为0.1～1mm,传统区截靶法与"Z"型结构测量出的小球速度相对测速误差为0.02%～0.2%,说明基于反射镜的"Z"型结构在定位和测速方面的应用具有可行性,提出的方法具有结构简单、解算方便、节省成本的特点。     

A nanosecond light source for scintillation-and Cerenkov-detector calibration

A nanosecond blue-light source with increased brightness is described. A light-emitting diode by NICHIA is used. The pulse shaper triggering the light-emitting diode is based on avalanche transistors. The number of photons per pulse is ∼10⁹ at a light-pulse duration of ∼2 ns.     

基于LED阵列光源的太阳模拟器

针对目前LED太阳模拟器辐照度低、光谱匹配性差等不足,提出一种由LED阵列光源,菲涅尔透镜、光学积分器、准直物镜组成的LED太阳模拟器。首先根据多光谱拟合理论,在400~1 100nm优选15种不同波段的LED光源,计算出光源所需功率,实现太阳光谱的精确匹配。其次优化设计了菲涅尔透镜、光学积分器以及准直物镜,校正了太阳模拟器的像差,提高了太阳模拟器的能量利用效率以及辐照均匀性,并利用LightTools软件对所设计的光学系统进行仿真分析。最后搭建了光学系统实验装置,测试结果表明:100mm×100mm内的辐照度达到1 376.3 W/m~2;拟合的太阳光谱匹配度达到AM1.5条件中的A级,辐照不均匀度为±1.73%,辐照不稳定度为±0.82%,综合性能指标达到太阳模拟器中的3A级水平。     

微光夜视系统试验中微光应力源的模拟

针对微光夜视系统可靠性试验的需要,在实验室准确模拟微光夜视系统在自然条件下所受的光应力具有重大意义。野外自然微光主要由月光、星光、大气辉光及杂散光经多次漫反射而成,所以在不同的环境条件下形成的自然微光不同。为模拟出不同的微光应力源,在试验过程中需要改变平行光管出瞳处的光照度,并使其对微光夜视系统的作用与自然微光对微光夜视系统的作用相当。在实验室条件下,当平行光管的视场大于微光夜视系统的视场时,通过改变光源光照度的办法即可改变平行光管出瞳处的光照度,从而实现自然微光应力源的精确模拟,并通过实验验证了该方法的可行性。     

Construction of a new unclipped digital correlator for quasielastic light scattering

An unclipped digital correlator that we have built has been described. Our digital correlator can be easily incorporated (with only a moderate cost) in an established light scattering laboratory equipped with a computer.     

Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with a femtosecond high harmonic light source using a two-dimensional imaging electron analyzer

An experimental setup for time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy using a femtosecond 1 kHz high harmonic light source and a two-dimensional electron analyzer for parallel energy and momentum detection is presented. A selection of the 27th harmonic (41.85 eV) from the harmonic spectrum of the light source is achieved with a multilayer MoSi double mirror monochromator. The extinction efficiency of the monochromator in selecting this harmonic is shown to be better than 7:1, while the transmitted bandwidth of the selected harmonic is capable of supporting temporal pulse widths as short as 3 fs. The recorded E(k) photoelectron spectrum from a Cu(111) surface demonstrates an angular resolution of better than 0.6 degrees (=0.03 A(-1) at E(kin,e)=36 eV). Used in a pump-probe configuration, the described experimental setup represents a powerful experimental tool for studying the femtosecond dynamics of ultrafast surface processes in real time.