高结构炭黑NC8515在全钢子午线轮胎胎面胶中的应用

研究高结构炭黑NC8515在全钢子午线轮胎胎面胶中的应用。结果表明：炭黑NC8515的氮吸附比表面积和外表面积均较炭黑N234小,但吸油值和压缩样吸油值大于炭黑N234,结构高;炭黑NC8515粒径略大于炭黑N234,但其聚集体及粒径分布无明显差别;添加炭黑NC8515的混炼胶的门尼焦烧时间延长,加工安全性提高,硫化胶生热和滚动阻力降低,耐磨性能提高;成品轮胎路试结果差异不大,单位磨耗行驶里程为2 2600～24 000 km。     

一种提高原料油雾化效果方法的研究与探讨

炭黑性质主要体现在粒径、结构度、表面活性3个方面,化学性能指标主要有吸碘值、吸油值、着色强度、氮吸附比表面积等.这些指标影响着胶料门尼粘度、流变性能、Payne效应、力学性能、生热性、耐热性、耐磨性和炭黑分散性等性能.本文以硬质炭黑N234为例,对原料油枪喷嘴形式改进,研究提高雾化对炭黑结构、着色强度、转化率的影响.     

硫化胶中炭黑燃烧特性的研究

研究硫化胶中炭黑燃烧特性与对应炭黑原材料特性的关系,利用两者间的关系分析不同硫化胶中的炭黑品种,评价炭黑分散性。结果表明:硫化胶中炭黑燃烧特征温度与对应炭黑的压缩吸油值和氮吸附表面积均呈显著线性关系,相关因数分别为0.806 9和0.954 1;根据炭黑燃烧特征温度及线性回归方程推导出硫化胶中炭黑的压缩吸油值和氮吸附表面积,可以判定硫化胶中的炭黑品种;硫化胶中炭黑燃烧特征温度低,在一定程度上可以表明炭黑分散性良好。     

炭黑N220品质对橡胶物理性能影响的研究

研究炭黑N220品质对橡胶300%定伸应力、拉伸强度和拉断伸长率3项物理性能的影响。运用数理统计分析方法对炭黑N220化学指标(吸碘值、吸油值、CTAB吸附比表面积)及其填充橡胶的物理性能进行分析,从产品品质和生产工艺两方面确定炭黑化学指标的最佳控制范围。通过控制炭黑N220的化学指标,实现对橡胶3项物理性能的调整。     

炭黑N220品质对橡胶物理性能的影响研究

研究炭黑N220品质对橡胶300%定伸应力、拉伸强度和拉断伸长率3项物理性能的影响。运用数理统计分析方法对炭黑N220化学指标（吸碘值、吸油值、CTAB吸附比表面积）及其填充橡胶的物理性能指标进行分析,从产品品质和生产工艺两方面确定炭黑化学指标的最佳控制范围。通过控制炭黑N220的化学指标,实现对橡胶3项物理性能的调整。     

不同相对分子质量聚乙二醇对白炭黑的改性

在沉淀法制备白炭黑过程中直接对白炭黑进行改性.选用聚乙二醇(PEG)作为改性剂,研究了其加入量对白炭黑产品粒径(d 50)、吸油值及表观密度的影响,利用扫描电镜和红外光谱分析仪对改性前后白炭黑的性能进行了表征.研究结果表明:随着PEG2000加入量的增加,产品的平均粒径和表观密度减小,吸油值增大,PEG2000加入量为产品质量的2%～8%时产品吸油值的变化不大.当PEG相对分子质量大于4 000时,所得白炭黑表现为粒径及表观密度增大.随着PEG相对分子质量的增大,白炭黑的吸油值先增大后减小.红外光谱分析结果显示,PEG在一定程度上影响了二氧化硅特征峰的位置.     

炭黑吸碘值测定原理的讨论

从炭黑的结构分析了炭黑的吸附性质及其对碘的吸附过程，由此对国标ＧＢ／Ｔ３７８０．１－９０规定的炭黑吸碘值测定方法进行了讨论，着重对试验温度，标准溶液浓度及取样量的规定进行评述，认为国标方法主要用于炭黑表面含极性官能团很少的炉法炭黑的吸碘值测定，要使测得的炭黑吸碘值与低温氮吸附法测得的炭黑比表面积相一致，碘溶液浓度（１／２Ｉ２）应为０．０４７３ｍｏｌ·Ｌ＾－１。     

改性热解炭黑的结构表征及其在丁苯橡胶中的应用研究

对比研究热解炭黑和改性热解炭黑的结构和性能及其在丁苯橡胶(SBR)中的应用。热解炭黑经浓硝酸和浓氢氟酸依次处理后得到改性热解炭黑,与热解炭黑相比,改性热解炭黑的DBP吸油值、挥发分含量增大,BET比表面积减小,二次结构粒径分布变宽、变大,表面羟基消失,羧基等极性基团增加不明显。与热解炭黑补强SBR相比,改性热解炭黑补强SBR混炼胶的门尼粘度增大,加工性能下降,焦烧时间延长,硫化速率减小;硫化胶的定伸应力增大20%~30%,拉伸强度增大10%,耐磨性能提高,压缩生热减小。     

改性热解炭黑的结构表征及其在丁苯橡胶中的应用

对比研究热解炭黑和改性热解炭黑的结构和性能及其在丁苯橡胶(SBR)中的应用。热解炭黑经浓硝酸和浓氢氟酸依次处理后得到改性热解炭黑,与热解炭黑相比,改性热解炭黑的DBP吸油值、挥发分含量增大,BET比表面积减小,二次结构粒径分布变宽、变大,表面羟基消失,羧基等极性基团增加不明显。与热解炭黑补强SBR相比,改性热解炭黑补强SBR混炼胶的门尼粘度增大,加工性能下降,焦烧时间延长,硫化速率减小;硫化胶的定伸应力增大20%~30%,拉伸强度增大10%,耐磨性能提高,压缩生热减小。     

超重力硫酸沉淀法白炭黑的连续化生产研究

对超重力硫酸沉淀法生产白炭黑进行了连续化实验研究,通过改变硫酸的质量分数、旋转床转子的转速和硅酸钠的流量,探索出了这些工艺条件对白炭黑粉体性能的影响.所得产品经透射电镜、BET比表面积、DBP吸油值等测试,结果为:产品平均粒径在10 nm左右;随硫酸质量分数的增加,比表面积先增加后减小,吸油值则相反;随旋转床转速的增加,比表面积先减小后增大,吸油值大致呈减小趋势;硅酸钠的流量对产品比表面积的影响不大.     

Carbon black used as a fluidization aid in gas phase elastomer polymerization: I. Carbon black-monomer interactions

The adsorption of butadiene on carbon black is a function of surface properties, high reinforcing, high surface area carbon black adsorbs more butadiene than low reinforcing big particle size carbon black. It is found that the functional groups on modified carbon blacks, oxidized or sulfur modified carbon blacks significantly reduces the butadiene concentration in headspace. Chemisorption of butadiene on the carbon black surface strongly holds butadiene on the surface, which prevents desorption of butadiene from the carbon black surface. These modified carbon blacks result in a very low concentration of butadiene in the headspace, usually 50-100 times lower than unmodified carbon black.     

Surface energy distribution of carbon black measured by static gas adsorption

The energetic surface heterogeneity of various carbon blacks has been investigated by means of volumetric gas adsorption techniques. From the adsorption isotherms of ethene at a coverage of about 0.001 up to 1 monolayer the energy distribution functions of adsorption sites are evaluated. Four discrete species of energetic adsorption sites are identified on all carbon black surfaces irrespective of morphology. The fraction of the different adsorption sites is found to depend significantly on the microstructure and primary particle size and on manufacturing conditions as well.     

纳米填料填充氢化丁腈橡胶的性能及压缩形态特征

研究了不同的炭黑( N 330,N 550,N 770,N 990) 、甲基丙烯酸锌及炭黑N 770 与甲基丙烯酸锌并用填充氢化丁腈橡胶( HNBR) 的性能,用橡胶加工分析仪和透射电镜分析了填料的分散性、形态变化及其与胶料压缩永久变形的关系。结果表明,随炭黑粒径增大,胶料的力学性能有所降低,Payne 效应减小( 即炭黑的分散性变好) ,压缩永久变形减小。炭黑填充胶料具有较好的耐热老化和耐油性能,相比较而言,炭黑N 770 填充胶料的综合性能最好。在填充30 份( 质量) 炭黑N 770 的HNBR 中并用适量的甲基丙烯酸锌,随其用量增加胶料的强度和扯断伸长率明显增大,压缩永久变形增大,Payne 效应变化不大。透射电镜分析结果表明,高温下长时间压缩后,炭黑粒子间的距离缩短,粒子有聚集现象,但粒子本身未发生变形。这表明炭黑填充胶料的压缩永久变形主要源于橡胶分子结构的变化、炭黑粒子的聚集及分布状态的变化。聚甲基丙烯酸锌在HNBR 中的纳米分散性优异。由于压缩后该离聚体粒子易产生滑移、变形和明显的聚集现象,对大分子网络弹性恢复的阻碍作用远高于炭黑,因而胶料的压缩永久变形比炭黑填充者要大得多。     

沉淀法白炭黑化学指标与胶料物理性能的关系

分析了沉淀法白炭黑BET，CTAB，Ssears比表面，DBP吸油值，平均粒径与粒径分布对胶料物理性能的影响。得出结论：满足轮胎综合力学性能的沉淀法白炭黑应为低BET比表面积，低BET与CTAB比，高BET与Ssears比，适中的DBP吸油值，中值粒径小且易崩解的产品。     

Factors influencing the adsorption of stabilizers onto carbon black: Flow microcalorimetry studies

The surface activity of various kinds of carbon black toward phenolic antioxidants and hindered amine light stabilizers (HALS) was examined by using flow microcalorimetry (FMC). Phenolic hydroxyl and ester groups were found to be the moieties responsible for the adsorption activity of primary phenolic antioxidants onto the carbon black surfaces. Furthermore, a difference in the degree of phenolic hydroxyl hindrance by alkyl groups was found to be the main factor affecting the adsorption activity of the phenol group. A difference in the degree of substitution of the piperidine amine, as well as the number and type of functionality per molecule, are important factors that were found to influence the adsorption activity of HALS. Data from adsorption studies using model compounds, some of which represented functional portions of the stabilizer molecules, reflected behavior sin ilar to that observed with the stabilizers. In addition, these latter results showed that FMC analysis can yield potentially useful information beyond that given by the usual parameters such as BET surface area, I₂, DBP, and CTAB adsorption values. Differences in the behavior between types of carbon black were evident and showed that the specific surface area is not the most important factor in the adsorption/desorption activity, but also the chemical nature of the surface. From the activity observed for model compounds, it was deduced that the presence of secondary and tertiary amine in the backbone and branch structures also has an important role in the adsorption activity of polymeric HALS. In general, the observed quantities can be related to the values of adsorption/desorption energy and to the molar mass of the probe.     

炭黑在EVA中的导电性研究

以EVA为高分子聚合物,采用不同级别的导电炭黑,研究了导电炭黑填充高分子聚合物的导电性,讨论了不同级别和不同用量的导电炭黑在聚合物中的分散性,以及对高分子聚合物导电性的影响。实验结果表明,导电炭黑高分子聚合物的导电性主要取决于不同级别的导电炭黑的表面积和结构等特性、炭黑的不同用量以及导电炭黑的聚集体在高分子聚合物的分散程度。     

Reinforcement of elastomers by carbon black

The reinforcement of elastomers by carbon black is governed by the morphology of the black and its physical and chemical interactions with the polymer. The latter are strongly affected by graphitization and surface oxidation. In modern rubber-grade carbon blacks strong bonding of the polymer to the carbon black surface is effected by several mechanisms, but surface chemical differences between blacks are relatively small, so that the dominant characteristic becomes the morphology. This is determined by the average size and size distribution of the particles which are fused together to form primary aggregates resembling branched random coils, the spatial arrangement of the particles in these aggregates, and the number of particles per aggregate and its distribution. This highly complex morphology can, to a first approximation, be represented by the specific surface area accessible to rubber and some, usually indirect, measure of the volume pervaded by the primary aggregates (“structure”). Important mechanical properties of reinforced rubbers depend to different degrees on these two characteristics, often in rather complex manner. Their effects on viscoelastic and failure properties are described. Additionally, some very recent observations on the effects of carbon black on network structure and the influence of the breadth of the aggregate size distribution on viscoelastic behavior are discussed.     

新一代炭黑——纳米结构炭黑的开发和应用

论及了纳米结构炭黑性能的表征方法，叙述了炭黑开发沿革和开发工作。纳米结构炭黑的性能可用反气相色谱法炭黑表面能分散分量来表征；纳米结构炭黑的改进向着限制炭黑聚集体尺寸分布中大尺寸的比例、进行干扰微品生成、增多微晶棱边、增加微晶缺陷的方向进展；不同粒径的炭黑可以通过沿反应炉轴线的不同位置注入原料油，使之在不同的温度场中反应获得。     

Catalytic characteristics of various rubber-reinforcing carbon blacks in decomposition of methane for hydrogen production

Carbon black has recently been reported to act as an effective catalyst for methane decomposition and to exhibit stable catalytic behavior despite carbon deposition, and thus it can be used for CO₂-free production of hydrogen from natural gas. In this work, various carbon blacks with different primary particle size were investigated with respect to methane decomposition under atmospheric pressure from 1123 to 1223 K. Catalytic characteristics, such as activity, activation energy and reaction order, were investigated and compared. It was observed that with decreasing primary particle size (or increasing specific surface area), the specific activity increased and the activation energy decreased. The reaction orders for various pelletized, rubber-reinforcing carbon blacks were 0.6–0.7, about the same regardless of the primary particle size, while they were near 1 for fluffy carbon blacks. Fluffy carbon black showed higher activity and activation energy than the pelletized carbon black of the same primary particle size. Changes of the surface morphology during carbon deposition were observed by TEM. Variations of the number of active sites were discussed in regard of the primary particle size, carbon deposition and binder. The presence of different types of active sites was also suggested.     

Structure–concentration equivalence in carbon black reinforcement of elastomers. III. Application to tensile strength

Using carbon blacks of constant specific surface area and surface chemical characteristics, but differing in degree of structure, it is shown that tensile strength, elongation at break and rupture energy are functions of the product av₂, where v₂ is the volume concentration of carbon black and a is a structure dependent factor. Moreover, reductions of failure data to a common effective filler concentration are accomplished with the identical structure factors used earlier in modulus reductions. The values of the structure factors are linearly related to the dibutyl phthalate (DBP) absorption of carbon black, when care is taken to equalize the packing density prior to conducting the DBP test.