从功能性到情感性分析照明电器开关的“界面设计”

通过从功能性到情感性分析照明开关的界面设计,结合几个典型实例论述了照明开关设计过程中情感性的不可或缺,也可在后期添加图案修饰,在保证功能性的同时强调情感性、性别性等让产品更具魅力,以适应居室设计氛围的需求。成功的界面设计都是完美地处理好功能性、情感性、性别性之间的关系,强调开关的界面设计对功能性有着互助作用的。重视开关界面设计是迎合市场需求、迎合消费者精神层面的需要。     

自助服务终端交互界面的人性化设计研究

目的对自助服务终端交互界面的人性化应用进行设计分析与应用研究。方法以人性化界面设计研究为基础,通过自助服务终端的形式,进行交叉式整合、分析与实用研究。结果利用人性化的交互界面设计,可以提高服务终端的效率与易用性。结论通过人性化交互界面在自助服务终端上的应用,可以更为清晰地指引用户在短时间内掌握各种功能。实现人性化交互界面设计的根本目的是避免当前设计中偏重功能性的现状,为自助终端交互界面的开发与使用,提供最优化的设计思路与解决方案。     

汽车用金属基复合材料

高的强度／重量比、改善的机械性能和热学性能以及强适应能力使金属基复合材料（MMCs）对汽车工业颇具吸引力，微粒强化MMCs，如铝合金掺入SiC微粒尤其吸引人，其原因在于其低成本、相对均质性以及与纤维强化材料相比更易于加工。     

SiC 颗粒增强铝合金基梯度复合材料的制备与压缩性能研究

把梯度功能材料(FGM ) 的设计思想用于金属基复合材料(MMCs) 的开发之中, 成功地制备出了SiC 颗粒增强铝合金基梯度复合材料。对该材料的组织结构和高温压缩性能进行了实验研究。结果表明: 采用复压烧结粉末冶金工艺能提高材料致密度, 消除梯度层间界面; 高温下材料的真实应力-应变曲线可分为初始硬化和逐渐软化两个阶段, 材料强度主要由基体决定; 高温下变形时, 材料梯度层间界面无相对滑动, 变形情况与梯度分布方式有关。      

界面设计的可持续意义研究

以可持续发展思想为设计核心,从设计的长效发展系统概念、用户可持续的使用行为与消费心理、产品功能所达到的效能与效率、制作与实现过程所消耗的时间成本以及应用产品更新换代的可移植性等方面,进行系统可持续的设计规划。通过对相关设计理论研究与实际案例分析相结合的方法,论述了软件界面风格研究中所包含的可持续设计思想,发现当前界面设计所面对的问题和挑战。进而提出在界面设计中运用可持续设计的理念和运用合理高效的用户使用行为,激发健康可持续的良好用户体验,倡导界面设计风格的转变,达到可持续发展用户体验与人机交互界面的目的。     

飞机驾驶舱显控系统生态界面设计研究

随着高速处理芯片和计算机图形技术的迅速发展,以计算机为核心的电子综合显示控制界面已成为新一代飞机驾驶舱人机界面设计的必然趋势。文章认为将生态界面设计理论应用于飞机驾驶舱人机界面设计能更好的组织和显示界面信息,还能提高飞行员在遇到不可预知事件时现场解决新问题的能力。文章以涡轮轴发动机监控系统为例说明了生态界面设计的要求和步骤,并对该系统进行了抽象层级分析,设计出功能性目标层和抽象功能层的视图方案。研究工作表明生态界面设计方法在新一代飞机驾驶舱人机界面设计中具有重要应用价值。     

铝金属基复合材料

火箭工业正转向铝基复合材料(MMCs)主要是为减轻结构件重量,在整个发动机上大量使用铝MMCs的潜力可分为三大类:刚性从动件;中温应用和低温应用.刚性从动件包括法兰、推力室外壳、支架结构等.这些部件通过焊合和栓合连接将载荷从一个件转移到另一件上.这些部件既不与热的燃烧产物直接接触,也不与冷的推进剂直接接触,而处于中度热和化学环境中运行.现行系统使用镍基超合金要求高刚度并同齿合表面有良好匹配.这些应用中的材料参数是高刚度(模量大于220GPa)和在连接件中的耐磨能力.一种能够在总体上加工出具有复杂曲率半径的轴对称形状的近成形加工技术是十分需要的.陶瓷颗粒和不连续纤维增强铝MMCs正被开发.在组装时总要使用钎焊、焊接等二次热加工,这也是开发MMCs必须考虑的问题.具有嵌入和混合增强体类型(颗粒,短纤维和长纤维)的MMCs对于上述应用需要有一个功能上逐渐过渡的焊接刚性连接界面.MMCs和不相同材料的连接方法也需要开发.     

日本功能性高分子材料的现状与未来

日本功能性高分子材料的现状与未来１．功能性材料的现状１．１功能性材料的分类与市场功能性高分子大体上可分为高分子催化剂、高分子络合物、电气电子磁性材料、信息记录材料、光功能材料、分离功能材料、生物医学聚合物及高分子凝胶等。表１列出上述各类功能性材料的主...     

金属基复合材料的发展及应用

本文主要论述了金属基复合材料 (MMCs)的类型、制备、发展、应用及其回收再生 ,目前 ,在MMCs发展和应用中 ,SiC和Al2 O3颗粒增强铝基复合材料仍占主要地位。本文着重介绍了颗粒增强铝基复合材料的性能及其成型加工特性。     

宇航空间中的金属基复合材料

金属基复合材料在很多空间应用中起着重要作用.特别是,金属基复合材料(MMMCs)为通讯卫星提供热控和电子封装材料、用作航天飞机的中舱支架以及哈泊空间望远镜所必须的天线波导管等.MMCs具有高比强度、比刚度、良好的热传导和导电性能以及适度的热胀系数(CTE).MMCs一般能经受住空间系统应用中经常遇到的恶劣环境.     

高阻尼金属基复合材料的发展途径

本文在综述传统的高阻尼金属材料和金属基复合材料的阻尼特性基础上，探讨获得高阻尼金属基复合材料的途径，指出采用高阻尼的基体合金、采用高阻尼的增强体以及设计高阻尼的界面层是三种有效方法，为发展密度更小同时又兼有优良机械性能和阻尼功能的新型金属基复合材料提供了可能。     

新一代高导热金属基复合材料界面热导研究进展

热物理性质不同的材料之间存在界面热阻,界面热阻对热传输过程产生极大的影响,并在很大程度上决定了复合材料的导热性能。金刚石颗粒增强金属基复合材料(Metal matrix composites,MMCs)充分发挥了金刚石的高热导率和低热膨胀系数的优点,有望获得高的热导率以及与半导体相匹配的热膨胀系数,可满足现代电子设备在散热能力上提出的越来越高的要求,作为新一代电子封装材料已引起广泛关注。界面热导(界面热阻的倒数)既是决定复合材料导热能力的关键因素,也是研究的难点,复合材料制备工艺、界面改性方式(金属基体合金化或金刚石表面金属化)以及改性金属种类均会影响界面热导。详细论述了界面热导理论及实验研究的最新成果,并对金刚石/金属复合材料在未来研究中面临的主要问题进行探讨。     

高阻尼金属基复合材料的发展途径

在综述传统的高阻尼金属材料和金属基复合材料阻尼的特性的基础上，探讨获得高阻尼性能金属基复合材料的途径。     

Design with metal matrix composites

Abstract

Applications for metal matrix composites (MMCs) have not emerged at the rate needed to justify the development costs. A reason for this may be that material developments have not been adequately linked to identified commercial needs. It is certainly true that some of the expectations raised about the potential offered by MMCs have been misguided. As the MMC business contracts, there is an ever greater need for a systematic method of linking material properties to the needs of engineering designers. This paper presents a methodology for evaluating materials in design, with the aim of linking MMCs to applications. The methodology has two main components: first, the use of performance indices and materials selection charts for specific design goals, to compare existing MMCs with competing materials; and secondly, the conceptual design of new MMC systems guided by those design goals. A selection of case studies illustrates that in mechanical applications the gains in using MMCs are frequently marginal, whereas in design for thermal management and vibration control, the materials can show very substantial improvements in performance. The methodology is general, and could be applied to other material systems.

MST/3094     

粉末雾化喷射成形制备颗粒增强金属基复合材料

颗粒增强金属基复合材料（ＭＭＣｓ）具有良好的综合性能，在航空、汽车及民用工业中的应用前景十分广阔。近年来粉末雾化喷射成形工艺用于制备颗粒增强ＭＭＣｓ受到了重视与发展。该方法通过快速凝固获得组织均匀、细小、无宏观偏折和高性能的新材料。在沉积过程中向基体合金的喷雾中喷入增强相颗粒即可制成高性能ＭＭＣｓ。本文介绍这一方法的基本原理和最新进展。     

Improvement of the bonding interface in hybrid fiber/particle preform reinforced Al matrix composite

The bonding interface between the reinforcement and the matrix alloy in hybrid AZS fiber/SiC particle preform based aluminum metal matrix composites (Al MMCs) has been investigated as a function of reinforced particle size and the binder content. It is observed that high binder and large particle will result in a poor bonding interface. This has deleterious effects on the mechanical properties of the cast MMCs. Estimation of the binder thickness indicates that there exists a critical particle size above which the particles are not appropriate to be used in fabricating the hybrid fiber/particle preform based MMCs.     

Pressure infiltration processes to synthesize metal matrix composites – A review of metal matrix composites,the technology and process simulation

Metal matrix composites (MMCs) acquire their improved physical and mechanical properties through the careful reinforcement of their matrices by a variety of light but strong and stable reinforcement materials. The pressure infiltration process (PIP) is one of the most important techniques used for making MMCs with a high reinforcement content in which a molten metal or alloy is injected and solidified in a mold packed with continuous or discontinuous reinforcement materials. Several factors affect the quality of MMCs made by this process. These include, but are not limited to, the reinforcement type, preform geometry, applied pressure and pressure control, as well as the transport phenomena of the molten metal. This paper presents a review of the various aspects of MMCs, the process in terms of the technological details, the latest developments in the reinforcement materials used and the simulation models developed for pressure infiltration manufacturing of MMCs.     

Fabrication and Machining of Metal Matrix Composites: A Review

Intrinsically smart, metal matrix composites (MMCs) are lightweight and high-performance materials having ever expanding industrial applications. The structural and the functional properties of these materials can be altered as per the industrial demands. The process technologies indulged in fabrication and machining of these materials attract the researchers and industrial community. Hybrid electric discharge machining is a promising and the most reliable nonconventional machining process for MMCs. It exhibits higher competence for machining complex shapes with greater accuracy. This paper presents an up-to-date review of progress and benefits of different routes for fabrication and machining of composites. It reports certain practical analysis and research findings including various issues on fabrication and machining of MMCs. It is concluded that polycrystalline tools and diamond-coated tools are best suitable for various conventional machining operations. High speed, small depth of cut and low feed rate are a key to better finish. In addition, hybrid electrical discharge machining has proved to be an active research area in critical as well as nonconventional machining since last few years. This paper incorporates year-wise research work done in fabrication, conventional machining, nonconventional machining, and hybrid machining of MMCs. Conclusions and future scope are addressed in the last section of the paper.     

Grain boundary engineering: historical perspective and future prospects

A brief introduction of the historical background of grain boundary engineering for structural and functional polycrystalline materials is presented herewith. It has been emphasized that the accumulation of fundamental knowledge about the structure and properties of grain boundaries and interfaces has been extensively done by many researchers during the past one century. A new approach in terms of the concept of grain boundary and interface engineering is discussed for the design and development of high performance materials with desirable bulk properties. Recent advancements based on these concepts clearly demonstrate the high potential and general applicability of grain boundary engineering for various kinds of structural and functional materials. Future prospects of the grain boundary and interface engineering have been outlined, hoping that a new dimension will emerge pertaining to the discovery of new materials and the generation of a new property originating from the presence of grain boundaries and interfaces in advanced polycrystalline materials.     

Dislocation-induced damping in metal matrix composites

The damping response of crystalline metals and alloys is generally associated with the presence of defects in the crystal lattice. The disturbance of these defects, usually in response to an applied cyclic load, dissipates energy, a mechanism known as internal friction. The various defects commonly found in crystalline materials include point defects (e.g. vacancies), line defects (e.g. dislocations), surface defects (e.g. grain boundaries) and volume defects (e.g. inclusions). Among these, dislocations are noteworthy because they play a critical role, not only in the damping response of crystalline materials, but also in the overall mechanical behaviour of the materials. Among the various structural materials actively being developed, metal matrix composites (MMCs) have received considerable attention as a result of their potential to combine reinforcement properties of strength and environmental resistance, with matrix properties of ductility and toughness. Of interest is the generally observed phenomenon that MMCs exhibit unusually high concentrations of dislocations, an observation typically attributed to the difference in coefficient of thermal expansion between matrix and reinforcement. The objectives of the present paper are to provide an overview of the sources of dislocation generation in MMCs, and to provide insight into the effects that dislocations have on the damping response of MMCs. The presence of dislocations in MMCs is highlighted on the basis of transmission electron microscopy studies, and the dislocation damping mechanisms are discussed in light of the Granato-Lücke theory.