插层法制备聚合物/粘土纳米复合材料及其应用进展

概述了聚合物／粘土纳米复合材料插层制备的新进展，根据插层机理和方法的差别，将插层法分为三类：（1）单体插层复合；（2）溶液中聚合物插层复合；（3）熔融聚合物插层复合。重点提出了利用双螺杆挤出机制备聚合物基纳米复合材料的新方法，展望了聚合物／粘土纳米复合材料的开发及其应用前景。     

聚合物基纳米复合材料的研究进展

介绍了插层型聚合物基纳米复合材料的制备原理，性能及其在塑料，纤维，军工中的应用。     

插层法制备聚合物基纳米复合材料研究进展

聚合物基纳米复合材料具有常规聚合物基复合材料所没有的结构、形态以及较常规聚合物基复合材料具有更优异的力学性能、耐热性能和气体液体阻隔性能等而显示出重要的科学意义和应用前景。本文综述插层法制备聚合物基纳米复合材料近几年的研究进展情况，总结了层状硅酸盐结构、插层剂选择、制备方法等问题。对制备过程进行了热力学和动力学分析，介绍了纳米复合材料表征方法，并对纳米复合材料的性能和应用进行了讨论。     

熔融插层制备聚合物-层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料研究进展

概述了近年来国内外聚合物—层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料(PLSN)制备领域的研究状况，详细评述和分析了PLSN熔融插层法的特点，指出熔融插层是一种高效和可行的制备聚合物—层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的方法。     

乳液插层法制聚合物/蒙脱土纳米复合材料

概述了一种聚合物 /蒙脱土纳米复合材料的新制备方法———乳液插层法。该插层法分为两大类 :聚合物乳液插层和单体乳液插层 ,这两大类又可按各自不同的插层机理进行分类。叙述了蒙脱土和复合材料的结构 ,以及复合材料的一些特性。并对聚合物乳液 /蒙脱土纳米复合材料的插层过程进行了热力学和动力学分析 ,指出将实验室技术产业化是今后发展方向     

超声波对硅树脂/蒙脱土纳米复合材料热性能的影响

采用超声波技术,原位插层聚合法制备了甲基苯基硅树脂/有机蒙脱土(OMMT)纳米复合材料。X射线衍射(XRD),透射电镜(TEM)研究了复合材料内部结构以及超声波时间对蒙脱土分散性和复合材料热性能的影响。简单控制超声波时间15和30min,分别制备了不同OMMT质量分数的插层型和剥离型聚合物/蒙脱土纳米复合材料。加入OMMT,无论是插层型还是剥离型,复合材料的起始分解温度都有所下降,但热失重速率较平缓。插层型纳米复合材料耐热性能明显优于剥离型,温度500℃时,插层型热失重均小于纯硅树脂。当OMMT含量8%时,插层型PLS复合材料500℃的热失重均10%;而剥离型PLS复合材料500℃的热失重较大,超过15%。     

超声波原位插层制备硅树脂/蒙脱土纳米复合材料

采用超声波技术,原位插层聚合法制备了甲基苯基硅树脂/有机蒙脱土(OMMT)纳米复合材料。利用X射线衍射(XRD),透射电镜(TEM)研究了复合材料内部结构以及超声波时间对蒙脱土分散性影响。结果表明,蒙脱土片层间距随着超声波时间延长而增加,当超声波时间短于20min时,有机蒙脱土片层以有序的插层型存在,形成插层型的聚合物/蒙脱土纳米复合材料(PLSN);超声波时间长于30min时,有机蒙脱土片层被剥离,无序地分散在硅树脂基体中,形成剥离型的聚合物/蒙脱土纳米复合材料。     

聚合物/高岭土插层复合材料的研究进展

聚合物/高岭土插层复合材料显示出优异的性能,但高岭土特殊的晶层结构则有碍于其与聚合物的插层复合,其复合材料的研究已受到关注。综述了聚合物/高岭土插层纳米复合材料制备方法、液态插层机理和表征技术的研究进展,并展望了其发展前景。     

三元乙丙橡胶/膨胀石墨复合材料的制备及其性能研究

为寻求密封性能优异的新型橡胶密封材料,借助微波技术、超声波技术以及相容性改进技术,采用熔融插层复合方法制备三元乙丙橡胶/膨胀石墨(EPDM/EG)复合材料,利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射、红外光谱等分析EG及其复合材料的微观结构,并初步研究复合材料气体阻隔性能与相关力学性能.研究表明:通过EPDM与EG的熔融插层复合,聚合物分子插入石墨片层间隙形成插层型复合材料,其气体阻隔性能显著提高,相关力学性能得以改善.     

聚合物-蒙脱石纳米复合材料的制备、结构与性能

从结构与性能的观点出发,将聚合物-蒙脱石纳米复合材料划分为插层型、层离型和混合型(插层型+层离型),探讨了影响蒙脱石纳米化的因素,提出了蒙脱石纳米化中值得注意的几个问题.     

聚苯乙烯/氧化石墨纳米复合材料的制备与性能

利用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵对氧化石墨进行插层改性。以原住插层聚合的方式合成了聚苯乙烯／氧化石墨（PS／GO）纳米复合材料。用XRD和TEM进行的形态研究表明,氧化石墨被剥离成10nm-30nm厚的层片而分散在聚合物基体中。热重分析证明PS／GO复合材料比PS材料和普通石墨粉填充的PS材料表现出更好的热稳定性。     

聚合物／水滑石纳米复合材料制备技术研究进展

水滑石是一种新型的层状无机纳米材料，在聚合物改性方面具有良好的应用。本文对聚合物／水滑石纳米复合材料制备方法，包括水相共沉淀、聚合物溶液插层、聚合物熔融插层和原位插层聚合的技术研究进展进行了综述。     

紫外光固化环氧丙烯酸酯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的合成与表征

利用插层聚合合成了环氧丙烯酸酯／蒙脱土复合光固化树脂，并采用紫外光固化制备了环氧丙烯酸酯／蒙脱土纳米复合材料．用XRD、DSC对光固化过程中蒙脱土的插层和剥离行为进行了研究，并用FT-IR研究了蒙脱土对环氧-丙烯酸酯体系光固化速率的影响。力学试验证实，光固化后的环氧丙烯酸酯／蒙脱土纳米复合材料冲击与弯曲强度比原本体树脂分别提高了54％和10％．     

Load transfer of graphene/carbon nanotube/polyethylene hybrid nanocomposite by molecular dynamics simulation

Load transfer of the graphene/carbon nanotube (CNT)/polyethylene hybrid nanocomposite is studied here from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Simulations of this composite material under uniaxial tension were conducted by varying CNT’s position and diameter in the polymer matrix. The obtained results show that: (1) The peak strength of stress and strain evolution in the polymer matrix is lower than the peak strength of the graphene/graphene and graphene/polymer interfaces. Hence, the damage zone is always located in the polymer matrix. (2) Agglomerated two-layer graphenes do not possess an increased value in the peak strength compared with single-layer graphene-reinforced polymer nanocomposite (PNC), while two separate layers of graphene show slightly higher peak strength. (3) The largest peak strength is observed before CNT moves to the center of the polymer matrix. The damage location moves from the upper to the lower part of CNT when the CNT is located at the centre of polymer matrix. (4) The influence of the CNT diameter on the peak strength is not obvious, while the damage location and shape in the polymer matrix changes with respect to varying CNT diameters. In addition, the damage zone always falls outside the interphase zone.     

聚氯乙烯/粘土纳米复合材料的制备及性能

通过原位插层法制备了聚氯乙烯／粘土纳米复合材料，分别采用X射线衍射，透射电子显微镜对其结构与形态进行了表征。结果表明，粘土片层已基本被刺离，均匀分散于聚氯乙烯树脂基体中。复合材料的力学性能和耐热性能测试结果表明，适量有机粘土的加入能使其拉伸强度和维卡软化点均较纯聚氯乙烯有较大提高。     

Study on fracture behavior of surface treated montmorillonite/epoxy nanocomposites

It is known that the mechanical properties of clay-reinforced nanocomposites are significantly affected by the dispersion of clay particles in the matrix. In this study, the effect of surface-treatment of Montmorillonite (MMT) on the fracture behavior of MMT/epoxy nanocomposite was investigated. For this purpose, fracture tests were performed using samples with three different clay concentration level. After fracture tests, SEM analysis was made on the fracture surfaces to examine the fracture mechanism. It was found that the MMT treatment using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane enhanced the fracture toughness increased of the MMT/epoxy nanocomposite. This is due to the improved intercalation effect and interfacial strength between MMT and epoxy matrix.     

An amphoteric semi-IPN nanocomposite hydrogels based on intercalation of cationic polyacrylamide into bentonite

Amphoteric semi-interpenetrating polymer network nanocomposite (semi-IPN-NC) hydrogels were prepared by graft polymerization of acrylic acid onto starch in cationic polyacrylamide/bentonite nanocomposite aqueous dispersion. Cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) was used as both an intercalating agent to enlarge interlayer space and a linear polymer chain to fabricate the semi-IPN structure. XRD and TEM confirmed a successful intercalation of CPAM into bentonite. Polymerization temperature was monitored in an attempt to explain the dependence of swelling on the polymerization conditions. The results showed that the hydrogel was of a high swelling and compressive strength even under water content of more than 99%.     

Biocompatible composites of fibrous nanohydroxyapatite embedded in a polydimethylsiloxane

Silicone elastomers have the potential to be a valuable biomaterial due to their mechanical and chemical properties, easy processing, and high gas permeability. Some inherent properties of the pure silicone implant such as high hydrophobicity and low load bearing capacity can be problematic for biomedical applications. The issues were addressed by fabricating hydroxyapatite nanofiber/polydimethylsiloxane nanocomposites. The morphology of nanocomposite structures was visualized by high resolution transmission electron microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Improved mechanical strength and compliance of the prepared nanocomposite structures were obtained by frequency sweep and creep measurements. Surface hydrophilicity of polydimethylsiloxane was enhanced by hydroxyapatite nanofiber incorporation into the polymer matrix. The cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of the structures were analyzed using breast epithelial cells (MDA MB 231 cell line). These studies showed that the nanocomposite scaffold did not leach any cytotoxic material and showed better cell adhesion and cell proliferation compared to the unfilled elastomer.     

Carbon fiber-reinforced cyanate ester/nano-ZrW2O8 composites with tailored thermal expansion

Fiber-reinforced composites are widely used in the design and fabrication of a variety of high performance aerospace components. The mismatch in coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) between the high CTE polymer matrix and low CTE fiber reinforcements in such composite systems can lead to dimensional instability and deterioration of material lifetimes due to development of residual thermal stresses. The magnitude of thermally induced residual stresses in fiber-reinforced composite systems can be minimized by replacement of conventional polymer matrices with a low CTE, polymer nanocomposite matrix. Zirconium tungstate (ZrW(2)O(8)) is a unique ceramic material that exhibits isotropic negative thermal expansion and has excellent potential as a filler for development of low CTE polymer nanocomposites. In this paper, we report the fabrication and thermal characterization of novel, multiscale, macro-nano hybrid composite laminates comprising bisphenol E cyanate ester (BECy)/ZrW(2)O(8) nanocomposite matrices reinforced with unidirectional carbon fibers. The results reveal that incorporation of nanoparticles facilitates a reduction in CTE of the composite systems, which in turn results in a reduction in panel warpage and curvature after the cure because of mitigation of thermally induced residual stresses.     

碳纤维和SiO2纳米颗粒增强环氧树脂复合材料的压缩性能

纤维增强聚合物复合材料的压缩性能与聚合物基体力学性质密切相关。本文利用连续碳纤维（CF）和含有均匀分散的SiO₂纳米颗粒改性的环氧树脂基体,制备了CF-nano SiO₂/Epoxy微纳米多相复合材料单向层合板,并对其轴向压缩性能进行了系统的研究。试验表明,将纳米颗粒引入基体能够有效提高纤维增强聚合物基复合材料的压缩强度,占nano SiO₂/Epoxy体积为8.7%的纳米颗粒可将复合材料的压缩强度提升约62.7%。基于单向层合板的弹塑性微屈曲模型对纳米颗粒的增强效应进行了理论分析。根据含纳米颗粒的环氧树脂在压缩过程中的损伤行为,提出了一套基于加卸载试验建立纳米复合材料基体压缩本构关系的方法。将模型获得的基体本构关系与经典复合材料弹塑性微屈曲模型耦合,能够较为准确地预测本研究制备的微纳米多相复合材料的压缩强度。经试验检验,预测结果与实测数值达到很好的一致性。