8-18GHz同轴-波导转换器的分析与设计

同轴-波导转换器是微波系统中非常重要的元器件.基于脊波导和波导阶梯对导播系统中电磁波传播性能的影响,本文探讨了这两种结构应用在8-18GHz的宽带同轴-波导转换器设计中的情况.通过同轴-脊波导-矩形波导转换,并在脊波导上加载阶梯,很好地改善了阻抗匹配效果,提高了同轴-波导转换器的传输性能.仿真结果证明脊波导和波导阶梯在设计同轴-波导转换器中的有效性,在8-18GHz的倍频程带宽内驻波小于1.22,产生的高次模非常小.     

UHF宽带同轴-矩形波导转换器新结构

研制了一种UHF波段宽带的同轴一矩形波导转换器.这种转换器采用了新结构,它的同轴探针呈阶梯状,并在波导宽壁上配有2个调谐螺钉.经测试,转换器在490～750 MHz的频段内(矩形波导TE<,10>单模工作带宽),回波损耗低于-31 dB,在483～782 MHz的频段内回波损耗低于-30 dB.     

直馈式同轴一波导转换器设计

本文从理论上对脊波导直馈式同轴一波导转换器进行了分析．并利用电磁仿真软件Ansoft HFSS优化设计了ku波段的直馈式同轴一波导转换器．仿真结果与实测结果相当吻合     

一种X 波段磁场耦合式波导-微带转换结构

波导-微带转换器是微波集成电路和天馈线系统中的重要器件。结合具体应用,设计了一款新型、宽带磁耦合式波导-微带转换器。和传统结构相比,本设计用双层的贴片结构代替金属块状阶梯脊,通过在贴片上加载金属过孔来展宽转换的带宽;将阶梯状金属贴片和微带探针一体化设计,从而避免了焊接带来的损耗和结构不稳定,并且减小了加工难度,降低了重量和成本。测试结果表明,波导-微带转换器的两个端口在8.85～11.52GHz 的频带内回波损耗小于-15 dB,插入损耗约为0.8dB,均满足应用需求。     

一种新型波导-基片集成波导转换器设计

本文提出了一种新型波导-基片集成波导转换器的设计方案。矩形波导中的电场通过该对极鳍线转换器后在基片集成波导中传输。该转换器的优点是：结构形式简单,长度短,带宽较宽。利用HFSS 仿真对过渡段结构进行了优化, 30G到40G 的频率范围内,插入损耗小于0.13dB,回波损耗优于20dB。背靠背插入损耗小于0.22dB,回波损耗优于20dB,相对带宽大于25%。     

毫米波车地通信的小型化波导螺旋阵列天线设计

高速磁浮列车毫米波车地通信系统要求其车载天线具有小型化、宽频带、圆极化和辐射扇形波束等特点。为更好地满足这些要求,设计一种中心馈电的小型化波导螺旋阵列天线。该天线馈电系统采用同轴波导中心馈电、4路矩形波导并馈的形式,通过改变馈电波导尺寸、耦合探针长度以及末端采用波导同轴转换器等形式,实现了所有单元的等幅馈电;天线单元由低剖面螺旋天线构成,采用顺序旋转技术改善天线的圆极化性能。利用全波电磁仿真软件设计了一款中心频率为38 GHz的28单元波导螺旋阵列天线,并进行了实验测试。测试结果表明：在37~39 GHz频带范围内,天线驻波比小于1.41,增益大于21.7 dB,轴比小于3.6 dB,俯仰面波瓣宽度为4.5°~4.7°,方位面波瓣宽度为29°~29.7°,满足毫米波车地通信系统车载天线的设计需求。     

一种宽带四脊波导正交模极化耦合器

坐落于贵州天然喀斯特地形的500 米口径球面射电望远镜(FAST),其低噪声接收机系统需要高性能正交模极化耦合器,对此,提出了一种四脊波导形式宽带正交模极化耦合器快速有效的设计方法:首先分别设计四脊波导正交模极化耦合器的两个关键部分,然后进行整体优化,为了改善带内阻抗匹配性能可以在同轴输出端口的内探针引入阶梯匹配环。使用这种方法研制的FAST L 波段极化器工作带宽达到2 颐1,在整个带宽范围内极化器的反射系数小于-20 dB,极化耦合水平低于-43 dB,带内插入损耗优于0. 15 dB,仿真和实测结果有很好的一致性。提出的设计方法适用于各种频率范围的宽带四脊波导正交模极化耦合器的设计。     

W 波段矩形波导-SIW 探针过渡结构设计

基片集成波导（SIW）技术正广泛应用于微波毫米波集成电路中。在W 波段,为了对SIW 元器件进行测试,必须对矩形波导-基片集成波导过渡结构进行研究。采用HFSS 软件仿真和优化设计了一种耦合探针结构的矩形波导-SIW 过渡。测试结果表明,一对过渡转换器与一段SIW 所组成的背靠背结构在整个W 波段的反射系数都小于-10 dB,而总插损在75~106 GHz 的频率范围内都小于2 dB。     

小型气密矩形波导-同轴转换器的研制

研究了一种新型小型化气密矩形波导-同轴转换器的工作原理及结构特性,借助HFSS微波设计仿真软件进行了建模仿真,并在此基础上制作了转换器样件。实测结果表明该样件的插入损耗小于0.5dB、驻波系数小于1.3,达到了预期指标,满足工程应用的要求。     

用于无线电监测的超宽带喇叭天线的研制

研制了一款用于微波频段频谱监测以及测向的,可以覆盖900MHz～11GHz的高增益超宽带喇叭天线。此款天线采用在传统喇叭天线腔体中加入一对渐变的寄生脊的方法,优化馈电部分同轴到双脊波导的转换,实现了同轴到波导的宽带匹配。最终天线实现了数十倍频程内驻波比小于2,增益在8～13dB之间,并且具有稳定的辐射方向图。     

脊形波导窗的研究

在实际应用中,由于同轴窗结构自身的一些缺点,限制了大功率螺旋线行波管的发展。本文简要地分析了脊形波导窗结构,并采用CST微波工作室软件对脊形波导窗结构的驻波系数进行了模拟。模拟结果验证了脊形波导窗结构应用于宽带螺旋线行波管是可行的。     

Broadband Millimeter-Wave In-Phase and Out-of-Phase Waveguide Dividers with High Isolation

In this paper, two novel broadband in-phase and out-of-phase waveguide power dividers with high isolation are presented. Based on the substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) divider and SIW-to-waveguide transition circuit, two kinds of E-plane waveguide dividers have been implemented. Due to the features of in-phase and out-of-phase performances, the proposed waveguide dividers can provide much more flexibilities than that of conventional E-plane waveguide T-junction. A broadband phase and amplitude performances are achieved across the whole Ka-band owing to the wideband characteristic of the SIW divider and transition circuits. To minimize the size and loss of the divider, a compact and low-loss SIW-to-waveguide transition circuit has been developed using the antisymmetric tapered probes. Two prototypes of the Ka-band waveguide dividers, including the in-phase and out-of-phase types, have been fabricated and measured. Measured results show that the isolation, input return loss, output return loss, amplitude imbalance, and phase imbalance of the in-phase divider are better than 15.5, 13.1, 10.8, 0.4 dB, and 3.5⁰, while those of the out-of-phase divider are better than 15.0, 13.4, 10.4, 0.5 dB, and 3.6⁰, respectively, over the frequency range from 26.5 to 40 GHz. The measured results agree well with the simulated ones. Considering their wide bandwidth, high isolation, good port matching performance, and compact configuration, the two types of waveguide dividers can be good candidates for broadband applications in millimeter-wave waveguide systems.     

6 ~ 18 GHz 脊波导宽带功率合成放大器

提出一种不通过波导脊背与微带导带接触来实现脊波导-微带射频信号过渡的新型电路,具有工作频带宽、插入损耗小、电性能稳定等优点,非常适合工程应用。通过对该非接触式脊波导-微带过渡与Lange 电桥进行理论分析与仿真计算,提出了一种可覆盖C/ X/ Ku 频段的宽带功率合成方法,并按照该方案在6 ~18 GHz 频段内设计了一种以脊波导为射频端口的高效率2 路功率合成放大器。实测结果表明,6 ~18 GHz 频率范围内的无源合成效率高于87%。采用该电路将典型输出功率12 W 的2 只MMIC 的输出功率合成,在6 ~18 GHz 频率范围内得到了高于20 W 的饱和功率输出,附加效率最高可达28. 9%。该宽带功率合成放大器以脊波导为接口,不但功率容量大,且便于采用脊波导功率合成器进行高效率二次合成,为6 ~18 GHz 更大输出功率的固态功放研制提供了解决方案。     

Broadband transition between half mode substrate integrated waveguide and rectangular waveguide

A broadband transition between a half mode substrate integrated waveguide and a rectangular waveguide with an antipodal fin-line in its quasi-TEM mode is presented. Experimental results show about 1.3 dB insertion loss and below 215 dB return loss for a back-toback double transition over 10 GHz bandwidth from 26.5 to 40 GHz (the single transition insertion loss is about 0.65 dB). The transition may be used in low-loss and low-noise front-end circuits of the microwave and millimetre-wave bands.     

Broadband substrate integrated waveguide to rectangular waveguide transition with fin-line

A novel broadband transition from a substrate integrated waveguide to a rectangle waveguide with an antipodal fin-line in its quasi-TE mode is presented. Impedance match and field mode gradual changing of transition circuits have been carefully analysed and performed. Experimental results show about a 1.6 dB insertion loss and greater than 12 dB return loss for back-to-back transitions over 10 GHz bandwidth from 26.5 to 40 GHz, so single transition insertion loss is about 0.8 dB. The transition is proposed for low-loss front-end circuits in the millimetre-wave band.     

Broadband transition between air-filled waveguide and substrate integrated waveguide

A Ka-band broadband transition between an air-filled waveguide and a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) is proposed. The transition is realised by using a radial probe inserted into the height-tapered metal waveguide. Results show that an insertion loss less than 2.5 dB and a return loss better than 14 dB in the frequency band 28.3-39.5 GHz are obtained for a back-to-back structure     

Design, Fabrication, and Characterization of Novel Vertical Coaxial Transitions for Flip-Chip Interconnects

In this paper, a novel transition design using vertical “coaxial transition” for coplanar waveguide (CPW-to-CPW) flip-chip interconnect is proposed and presented for the first time. The signal continuity is greatly improved since the coaxial-type transition provides more return current paths compared to the conventional transition in the flip-chip structure. The proposed coaxial transition structure shows a real coaxial property from the 3-D electromagnetic wave simulation results. The design rules for the coaxial transition are presented in detail with the key parameters of the coaxial transition structure discussed. For demonstration, the back-to-back flip-chip interconnect structures with the vertical coaxial transitions have been successfully fabricated and characterized. The demonstrated interconnect structure using the coaxial transition exhibits the return loss below 25 dB and the insertion loss within 0.4 dB from dc to 40 GHz. Furthermore, the measurement and simulation results show good agreement. The novel coaxial transition demonstrates excellent interconnect performance for flip-chip interconnects and shows great potential for flip-chip packaging applications at millimeter waves.      

一种新型毫米波矩形波导-微带过渡结构

介绍了一种新颖的、适用于毫米波频段的矩形波导-微带过渡电路结构。该过渡电路具有插入损耗低、频带宽、重复性好的特性。其矩形波导E面相对于微带电路面,以及电磁信号传输方向的位置与脊波导-微带过渡相同。该过渡电路的微带线与波导的转换部分采用非接触式结构,并设计了可调节元件,从而在有一定加工误差的条件下改善其产品传输特性。利用高频仿真软件CST,在Ka频段进行了优化仿真,并对利用其优化值所设计的一对背靠背的电路实物进行了测试,在32～40 GHz的频率范围内,插入损耗小于2.36 dB,回波损耗大于7.22 dB;在整个Ka频段内,插入损耗小于3.49 dB。     

Modal-S-Matrix Design of Optimum Stepped Ridged and Finned Waveguide Transformers

Optimum stepped transformers from rectangular waveguide to ridged and all-metal finned waveguides are designed with the method of field expansion into eigenmodes, which includes higher order mode interaction between the step discontinuities. Computer-optimized design data are given for a Ku-band ridged waveguide prototype with a ridge width of 1 mm, as well as for Ku-band and E-band finned waveguide transformers with commercially available metal fin thicknesses of 0.19 mm and 0.1 mm, respectively, suitable for metal-etching manufacturing technique. The optimum designs achieve a minimum return loss of about 36 dB, or 34 dB for the whole Ku- or E-band, respectively. The theory is verified by comparison with measured results.     

超宽带双脊魔T的研制

优化设计并研制了由渐变双脊波导、匹配块、销钉等构成的双脊波导魔T,在18GHz～40GHz范围内实现了功率等分,E、H臂隔离度低于-30 dB,驻波系数小于1.7,等分臂功率差值小于0.2 dB.该超宽带双脊波导魔T具有用于雷达、电子对抗系统、超宽带接收系统等的实用价值,可促进整机小型化发展、提高系统性能.