粉末冶金法SiC颗粒增强镁基复合材料的阻尼性能研究

采用粉末冶金法制备了两种不同成分的基体合金及S iC颗粒增强镁基复合材料。采用LMA-1型低频力学弛豫谱仪对基体合金及复合材料的阻尼性能随频率、振幅及温度的变化关系进行了研究。结果表明,Mg-1.01%Zn-0.86%Zr合金的阻尼性能优于Mg-2.51%Zn-0.63%Zr合金的;S iC颗粒的加入使S iCp/Mg-1.01%Zn-0.86%Zr基复合材料的阻尼性能有所提高;基体合金及复合材料的内耗值均随频率的增加先急剧降低,随后趋于平缓;低应变振幅下阻尼性能受应变振幅影响较小,但在较高应变振幅下阻尼随应变振幅的增加而急剧增大;在200℃~250℃及350℃~400℃的温度范围内均出现内耗峰。     

ZL401合金的阻尼行为研究

对铸态ZL401合金进行了低温人工时效处理，利用低频内耗测试技术研究了合金的阻尼性能及实模量与应变振幅、频率和温度的关系，并与铸态合金进行了对比。发现合金阻尼与应变振幅及应变频率相关，随温度的提高而增大，且在低温和高温时合金阻尼与频率的关系出现了相反的变化。ZL401合金振动过程中实模量的亏损随频率的降低和温度的升高而增大。认为ZL401合金的阻尼行为是界面阻尼和位错阻尼二者效应叠加的结果，室温阻尼主要归功于位错阻尼，而高温阻尼主要归功于界面阻尼。     

高阻尼TNCH-Z钛合金阻尼机制研究

在变频、变温和不同应变振幅下,对不同热处理后的新型阻尼TNCH-Z钛合金的低频阻尼特性进行研究,同时对该合金的声频内耗进行测量。结果表明:室温低频范围内,合金的阻尼性能受应变振幅影响较大:应变振幅增加,合金的阻尼性能随之提高;合金的相变阻尼随频率的加快而降低。由于马氏体相变的影响,合金对温度变化比较敏感。在-50～100℃相变范围内,合金的内耗峰值tanφ=0.08(加热)/0.09(冷却),马氏体相的内耗值高于母相的。受到热处理制度的影响,该合金的内耗峰宽化,提高了该合金的使用温度。该合金在声频范围内的内耗值达到10-2级。     

微量Y对Mg-0.6Zr合金阻尼性能和力学性能的影响

采用动态机械分析仪(DMA)及电子式万能试验机研究了微量Y对Mg-0.6Zr合金阻尼行为和力学性能的影响,分析了合金的阻尼特性随应变振幅及温度变化的机制。结果表明,添加微量Y(0.5wt%)后,其细晶强化和固溶强化作用提高了Mg-0.6Zr合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率。同时由于Y的加入,合金晶界数量增多,对位错运动的进一步阻碍作用使合金的应变振幅效应降低,从而降低了其阻尼性能。研究还发现,Mg-0.6Zr合金及Mg-0.6%Zr-0.5%Y分别在65和75℃处出现一个明显的阻尼峰,且当温度分别达到200和250℃时,合金的阻尼性能随温度升高而急剧增加。     

Fe－Nb－C合金的高温内耗SCIEI

测量了高纯Ｆｅ－Ｎｂ－Ｃ合金的４００－８５０℃内耗，发现一个峰温度随测量应变振幅变化的高温（６６６－７４０℃）磁机械滞后阻尼内耗峰。研究了峰的特征、出现、消失条件及升降温、频率、振幅、变形与退火等因素对峰的影响．提出了用内耗实验确定材料中阻碍铁磁畴壁Ｂａｒｋｈａｕｓｅｎ跳动应力的方法和合金中产生磁机械滞后阻尼－温度峰（Ｑ_ｍ^（－１）－Ｔ）的物理机制。     

Fe－Nb－C合金的高温内耗

测量了高纯Ｆｅ－Ｎｂ－Ｃ合金的４００－８５０℃内耗，发现一个峰温度随测量应变振幅变化的高温（６６６－７４０℃）磁机械滞后阻尼内耗峰。研究了峰的特征、出现、消失条件及升降温、频率、振幅、变形与退火等因素对峰的影响．提出了用内耗实验确定材料中阻碍铁磁畴壁Ｂａｒｋｈａｕｓｅｎ跳动应力的方法和合金中产生磁机械滞后阻尼－温度峰（Ｑ_ｍ~（－１）－Ｔ）的物理机制。     

ZA27合金低频阻尼行为及其微观组织

通过对锌铝合金ZA27进行365℃固溶和250℃人工时效,在0.1、0.3、1.0Hz 3个振动频率下,测试了铸态和固溶时效态合金从室温到400℃的阻尼随温度、频率、应变振幅的变化规律,研究了阻尼行为与相应微观组织之间的关系。根据Al-Zn二元合金平衡相图,分析了ZA27合金在平衡和实际冷速下所结晶的铸态和固溶时效组织。结果表明:铸态ZA27合金阻尼的大小与频率有关、与应变振幅无关;在300℃附近阻尼-温度曲线出现的阻尼峰位不随频率的改变而移动,说明在此温度有一级固态相变;经固溶时效后,合金组织明显细化,阻尼特性基本不变,但阻尼峰值明显高于铸态合金,表明固溶时效不改变ZA27合金的阻尼特性,但显著提高了合金的阻尼。     

Fe-17mass% Mn阻尼合金的反常振幅内耗效应

通过真空感应熔炼、锻造及热处理等工艺,制备了Fe-17 mass%Mn减振合金,采用热膨胀法测量材料的相变点,并进行组织观察和分析。在不同温度和应变条件下,测试了材料的阻尼性能,并分析其振幅内耗效应。结果表明,实验合金在低温低应变振幅下表现出反常振幅效应,在高温高应变振幅下出现振幅内耗峰。由于溶质原子在不同温度下的动性不同,位错在不同振幅下的运动速度不同,以及溶质原子和位错线之间的"跟、拖、甩"作用等,可将G-L模型中的钉扎点看成可动的,来解释此情况。     

冷轧TiNi合金的阻尼行为研究

研究了冷轧变形对TiNi合金阻尼行为的影响,探讨了冷轧变形影响阻尼特性的微观机制.结果表明,当应变振幅较低时,形变马氏体的阻尼值随频率的增加先急剧下降至一定值后趋于稳定;当应变振幅较高时,频率对阻尼值的影响较小;当振动频率一定时,形变马氏体的阻尼值随应变振幅的增加而下降至一定值,随振幅的继续增大其阻尼值趋于稳定.形变马氏体的高阻尼特性主要归因于外力作用下马氏体孪晶界面及位错的往复运动.     

喷射共沉积6061Al/SiCp在不同热处理制度下的阻尼性能

采用喷射共沉积方法制备了 6 0 6 1Al/SiCp 金属基复合材料 (MMC) ,研究了 5种热处理制度对其阻尼性能的影响。结果表明 :不同的热处理状态材料 ,常温下其阻尼基本没有变化 ,高温下阻尼则显著不同 ,在 10 0～ 2 70℃温度范围内 ,阻尼能力的大小顺序为炉冷 >空冷 >- 70℃淬火 >原样 (挤压态 ) >- 195℃淬火 >水淬 ,且超过180℃时 ,所有试样的阻尼能力均可达到 1× 10 -2 以上 ;在本研究的温度和应变振幅测试范围内 ,模量随温度的升高表现为单调下降 ,相同频率下的内耗值不随应变振幅变化。     

DAMPING BEHAVIOR OF ULTRAFINE-GRAINED PURE ALUMINUM L2 AND THE DAMPING MECHANISM

Ultrafine-grained pure aluminum L2 with a mean grain size of 1.0μm was produced by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) and annealing at 150℃ for 2h. Damping behavior of the alloy was measured using a dynamic mechanical thermal analyzer. The alloy had an excellent damping capacity Q-1 with the ambient value being 9.8×10-3 at 1.0Hz when the strain amplitude was 2.0×10-3. The damping behavior of the alloy showed a non-linear damping variation tendency, that is, with an increase in temperature and a decrease of frequency, the damping capacity of the alloy increased. The damping capacity increased with the strain amplitude when the strain amplitude was less than 4.6×10-5. When the strain amplitude was higher than 4.6×10-5, the damping capacity became a constant and independent of strain amplitude. The high damping capacity was attributed to dislocation unpinning and a drag of dislocation on pinning points.     

高温材料的阻尼特性实验研究

采用双悬臂梁试件,通过基础激励下的共振驻留法,开发了一套高温材料在真空环境下的阻尼测试系统。研究了提高测试精度的方法,并分析了空气阻尼对阻尼测试结果的影响,并以Ti-6-4合金为对象,研究了阻尼随温度、应变幅值及振动频率的变化规律     

Hydrogen-probe mechanical spectroscopy for studying local ordering in concentrated substitutional alloy

An experimental study of the influence of substitutional atomic order on hydrogen Snoek peaks in the Fe–35.5 at.% Ni FCC invar alloy was carried out. This alloy experiences spinodal decomposition to Ni-enriched and Ni-depleted regions, and the Fe₃Ni and FeNi type ordering in each of the regions. It was shown that hydrogen Snoek peaks in this alloy, observed in the vicinity of 185 K, substantially change in amplitude after 3 MeV electron irradiation, or after ageing at 600°C. An analysis of the structure of the Snoek peaks was performed on the basis of modern concepts of hydrogen-probe mechanical spectroscopy. It was shown that the main contribution to relaxation is due to transitions of hydrogen atoms between octahedral interstitial sites containing three atoms of Fe and three atoms of Ni in the vertices of octahedra. The influence of the substitutional atomic order in invar on the hydrogen Snoek peak was discussed.     

High damping capacities of Mg-Cu based alloys

The dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA) was applied to investigate the damping properties of Mg-Cu based alloys. The results show that the as-cast hypoeutectic Mg-Cu binary alloys exhibit ultra-high damping capacities, while the eutectic Mg-Cu alloy exhibits low damping capacity. The strain amplitude dependent damping performance reveals that the dislocation damping mainly dominates in Mg-Cu alloys. Furthermore, the influence of eutectic phase on damping mechanisms of Mg-Cu binary alloys was discussed in detail and the effect of Si addition on the damping of Mg-1%Cu based alloy was also reported. Two damping peaks are observed on the temperature dependent spectrum of Mg-Cu based alloys. One is located at room temperature, which is dislocation related peak; and the other is located at moderate temperature, which is caused by the grain boundary sliding.     

Effect of small tensile deformation on damping capacities of Mg-1%Al alloy

Tensile tests with small deformation amounts of 0.5%, 1%, 3% and 5% were performed at room temperature on as cast Mg-1%Al alloy. Microstructures of the Mg-1%Al alloys before and after deformation were observed by optical microscopy (OM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The strain amplitude dependent and temperature dependent damping capacities of the as-cast and deformed Mg-1%Al alloys were investigated by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The mechanism of deformation on damping capacity of Mg-1%Al alloy was discussed. The results show that the as-cast Mg-1%Al alloy has high damping value at high strain. When the tensile elongation is higher than 3%, the damping values of this alloy in high strain region are significantly decreased at room temperature. But the large amount of dislocations produced by tensile deformation are activated by heat, and then increase the damping value at high temperature.     

实用M2052合金阻尼行为表征

名义组分为Mn-20Cu-5Ni-2Fe(原子分数，％)的M2052合金，具有很高的强度和阻尼性能．对该合金在不同条件下的阻尼性能采用多种方法进行了表征．该合金的高阻尼态出现在一个临界温度以下，该温度可以通过改变组分和热处理来调整．合金的室温阻尼性能强烈地依赖于频率、应变振幅以及静载荷的大小．     

高阻尼镁合金Mg-0.6%Zr和Mg-Ni中内耗峰分析

在高阻尼镁合金研究中,发现了与合金室温下高阻尼性能有关的宽的弛豫内耗峰,该峰为位错内耗峰;该峰是基面位错在热激活作用下运动与点缺陷（空位与溶质原子）相互作用产生。同时在高阻尼合金Mg-Ni和Mg-0.6%Zr中发现了晶界内耗峰。有必要指出的是合金的显微组织会影响晶界弛豫：随着Ni的质量分数增加,晶粒细化同时晶界内耗峰向低温处迁移;同Mg-0.6%Zr合金相比,加入少量的Y后,Mg-0.6%Zr-Y合金晶界弛豫峰向高温处推进。