电磁搅拌连续铸挤Al-5Ti-1B合金的组织与晶粒细化效果

采用电磁搅拌连续铸挤工艺成形Al-5Ti-1B合金线,利用等离子体发射光谱仪、光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪和扫描电镜研究了Al-5Ti-1B合金线的组织与晶粒细化效果,并与Al-5Ti-1B合金锭进行了比较。结果表明,通过中间包电磁搅拌和连续铸挤成形过程中半固态剪切搅拌和剧塑性变形作用,可细化TiAl3相尺寸,改善TiB2粒子的分布状态,TiAl3相为细小块状,TiB2粒子弥散分布于α-Al基体中。Al-5Ti-1B合金线的晶粒细化能力增强,纯铝中添加0.2%的Al-5Ti-1B合金线静止5min,晶粒平均尺寸可细化至223μm,静止180min,晶粒平均尺寸为316μm。     

连续铸挤Al-5Ti-1B合金线的组织与晶粒细化效果

采用连续铸挤成形Al-5Ti-1B合金线,采用光学显微镜和扫描电镜分析了Al-5Ti-1B合金线的显微组织和晶粒细化效果,并与A1-5Ti-1B合金锭进行了比较.结果表明,连续铸挤 Al-5Ti-1B合金线中TiAl3 相呈细小圆块状,分布均匀,TiB2粒子弥散分布于铅基体;而Al-5Ti-1B合金锭中TiA13相呈粗大板条状,TiB2 粒子偏聚于铝晶界呈粗大团块状.Al-5Ti-1B合金线对纯铝的晶粒细化效果优于Al-5Ti-1B合金锭,纯铝加入A1-5Ti-1B合金线5 min后,晶粒尺寸达到最小.     

高品质Al-5Ti-1B合金线的组织与晶粒细化性能

采用等离子体发射光谱仪、光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪和扫描电镜,研究了高品质Al-5Ti-1B合金线的化学成分、显微组织和晶粒细化性能。结果表明,高品质Al-5Ti-1B合金线的Ti、B合金元素含量稳定,Fe、Si、V、K杂质元素含量低。合金线的组织均匀细小,无氧化夹杂物,TiAl3相平均尺寸为16.7μm,TiB2粒子平均尺寸为0.73μm。添加质量分数为0.2%的高品质Al-5Ti-1B合金线可使纯铝铸态晶粒细化到75.7μm,晶粒细化响应时间块,抗衰退能力强,适应铝熔体温度范围宽。研究结果可为细化剂生产企业和铝加工企业在生产、选用高品质Al-5Ti-1B合金线时提供参考。     

粉末压制Al-5Ti-1B合金的显微组织与晶粒细化性能

采用气雾化工艺制备Al-5Ti-1B合金粉,然后压制成Al-5Ti-1B合金,研究了粉末压制Al-5Ti-1B合金的显微组织与晶粒细化性能,并与铸造Al-5Ti-1B合金进行了比较。结果表明:气雾化快速凝固可以抑制TiB_2粒子的团聚和细化TiAl_3相,使TiB_2粒子和TiAl_3相均匀分布在粉末压制Al-5Ti-1B合金的α(Al)基体上。在纯铝熔体中添加0.2%(质量分数)的粉末压制Al-5Ti-1B合金并保温2 min,可使纯铝的晶粒组织从粗大的柱状晶细化为平均直径为183μm的等轴晶。保温时间延长至180 min,纯铝的晶粒平均直径仍保持在229μm。与铸造Al-5Ti-1B合金相比,粉末压制Al-5Ti-1B合金具有更强的晶粒细化能力和抗细化衰退能力。     

经ECAP变形的Al-5Ti-1B中间合金对纯铝细化效果的影响

对Al-5Ti-1B中间合金进行等通道挤压变形(ECAP),研究了Al-5Ti-1B中间合金经ECAP变形前后对纯铝晶粒的细化效果,分析了Ti添加量及晶粒生长限制因子对纯铝细化效果的影响。结果表明,随着Ti含量的增加,形核质点增多,纯铝晶粒由约1 220μm细化到70μm左右。ECAP变形明显提高了Al-5Ti-1B中间合金的细化效果,建立了晶粒尺寸与晶粒生长限制因子的关系。     

Mn对Al-Ti-B、Al-Ti-C中间合金细化铝晶粒效果的影响

试验研究了Mn元素对Al-5Ti-1B和Al-5Ti-0.2C两种铝用中间合金晶粒细化效果的影响,分析了Mn元素影响两种中间合金晶粒细化效果的机制。结果表明,总体来讲,Mn对Al-5Ti-1B和Al-5Ti-0.2C的晶粒细化效果有不同程度的破坏作用。微量Mn元素不会影响铝熔体中形核基底的活性,Mn元素加入铝熔体后的生长限制因子很小,不能有效阻止小尺寸晶粒的长大和相互融合,添加Mn元素所导致的熔体过热对晶粒细化的破坏作用占主导地位,最终导致中间合金的晶粒细化效果被削弱。     

Ti与含Ti或B中间合金对铝晶粒细化效果及抗高温衰退能力的影响

对比研究了电解加钛和含钛或硼中间合金对铝的晶粒细化效果及抗高温衰退能力的影响.结果表明,电解加钛和Al-5Ti中间合金在熔体温度较低时具有较好的晶粒细化效果,但随着熔体温度的升高,细化效果均迅速衰退;电解加钛再熔配加Al-4B中间合金可在熔体温度为720℃时获得最佳的细化效果,随着熔体温度的升高细化效果有所衰退,但衰退速度较慢;在加入Al-5Ti的同时加入Al-4B中间合金可明显提高Al-5Ti的晶粒细化效果和抗高温衰退能力,但效果不如电解加钛加Al-4B中间合金;Al-5Ti-1B中间合金具有最强的抗高温衰退能力,随着熔体温度的升高,晶粒不但不粗化反而有所下降,当熔体温度高于900℃时,才出现衰退现象.对试验结果及晶粒细化机制进行了分析.     

Al-Si合金的晶粒细化与凝固行为研究

研究了添加0.2wt%～2.5wt%的Al-5Ti-1B合金对A356铝合金晶粒细化效果和凝固行为的影响规律。研究表明,晶粒细化效果与Al-5Ti-1B合金的添加量密切相关。随着Al-5Ti-1B合金添加量的增加,晶粒尺寸先急剧减小而后缓慢减小。当Al-5Ti-1B合金添加量为2.5wt%时,晶粒细化效果达到最佳。DSC热分析表明,0.2wt%的Al-5Ti-1B合金使得α-Al相的形核过冷度增加,起到了晶粒细化效果。     

Al-5Ti-1B添加量和熔体保温时间对2024铝合金铸态组织的影响

研究了电磁搅拌连续铸挤Al-5Ti-1B晶粒细化剂添加量和熔体保温时间对2024铝合金铸态组织的影响。结果表明:添加0.1%的Al-5Ti-1B,可使2024铝合金的铸态组织从167.4μm的粗大枝晶细化到59.4μm的等轴晶。随着Al-5Ti-1B的添加量从0.1%逐渐增加到0.4%,2024铝合金的晶粒进一步细化,但晶粒细化效应逐渐减弱。当Al-5Ti-1B添加量为0.4%,2024铝合金被细化为平均直径为34.3μm的等轴晶。添加0.1%的Al-5Ti-1B并静置1 min,2024铝合金晶粒被细化至91.3μm。保温5 min,晶粒被细化为58.6μm的等轴晶;保温时间延长至120 min,晶粒未见明显长大。试验结果表明,电磁搅拌连续铸挤Al-5Ti-1B细化2024铝合金具有晶粒细化效果好、响应时间短和持续时间长的优点。     

Al-5Ti-1B中间合金对铸造Al-10Mg合金的细化行为

在铸造Al-10Mg合金中添加Al-5Ti-1B中间合金,观察合金的金相组织,测试其显微硬度.结果表明:Al-5Ti-1B对Al-10Mg合金有良好的细化效果,在加入量达到0.1%时,合金平均晶粒尺寸由650 μm变为62μm;随着保温时间的增加,细化效果有所衰退;Al-5Ti-1B的加入使合金的显微硬度提高了近10%.     

Grain refining technique of AM60B alloy by Al-Ti-B master alloy

The effects of grain refining parameters on grain size of AM60B magnesium alloy have been investigated using an Al-5Ti-1B master alloy as refiner; and an appropriate refining technique has been developed. The results indicate that the Al-Ti-B master alloy is an effective grain refiner for AM60B alloy and the grain size can be decreased from 348 μm to 76 μm. Raising the addition temperature or the pouring temperature is beneficial for grain refinement; while for the addition amount and holding time, there is an optimal value. The appropriate grain refining technique is that 0.3% Al-Ti-B master alloy is added at 780oC and then the melt is held for 30 min before pouring. The above phenomena can be explained by the refining mechanisms that have been proposed from the related studies on Al and Mg alloys and theoretical analysis.     

Grain refining action of Ti existing in electrolytic low-titanium aluminum with Al-4B addition for superheated Al melt

The effects of superheating temperature on the grain refining efficiency of Ti existing in electrolytic low-titanium aluminum (ELTA) without and with the Al-4B addition and the Al-5Ti-1B master alloy in pure Al were comparatively investigated. The results show that the Ti existing in ELTA without Al-4B addition exhibits a certain grain refining efficiency when the melt superheating temperature is lower, but the efficiency decreases rapidly when the superheating temperature is higher. The grain refining efficiency of the Al-5Ti-1B master alloy is better than that of the Ti existing in ELTA without Al-4B addition at any superheating temperature, but it also decreases obviously with the increase of the superheating temperature. One important reason is that the TiB2 particles coming from the Al-5Ti-1B master alloy can settle down at the bottom of the Al melt easily when the superheating temperature is increased, thus decrease the number of the potent heterogeneous nuclei retained in the Al melt. If the Al-4B master alloy is added to the ELTA melt, the grain refining efficiency of the Ti existing in ELTA can be improved significantly, and does not decrease with the increase of the superheating temperature. This perhaps provides us a possible method to suppress the effect of the superheated melt on the microstructures of aluminum..     

Grain Refining Efficiency of SHS Al-Ti-B-C Master Alloy for Pure Aluminum and Its Effect on Mechanical Properties

A new Al-5Ti-0.75B-0.2C master alloy was successfully prepared by self-propagating high-temperature(SHS)reaction from an Al-Ti-B_4C system with molten Al.Microstructure and phase characterization of the prepared Al-5Ti-0.75B-0.2C master alloy show that the nearly spherical TiC particles,hexagonal or rectangular TiB_2 particles,and blocklike TiAl_3 particles distribute uniformly in the aluminum matrix.Grain refining test on commercial pure aluminum indicates that Al-5Ti-0.75B-0.2C master alloy exhibits a better grain refining performance than Al-5Ti-lB master alloy.By addition of 0.2 wt%Al-5Ti-0.75B-0.2C master alloy,the average grain size of a-Al can be effectively refined to160 ± 5 μm from about 3000 μm,and the tensile strength and elongation are increased by about 20%and 14.1%due to the grain refinement.     

浇注温度和细化剂对半固态A356合金组织的影响

采用低温铸造和晶粒细化复合工艺制备A356合金半固态坯料,研究了浇注温度和细化剂(Al-5Ti-1B)添加量对半固态坯料组织的影响。结果表明,随着浇注温度从715℃降到635℃,α-Al晶粒形貌从树枝晶向蔷薇状形态再到等轴晶组织变化,浇注温度越低,晶粒越细小圆整。当浇注温度降到615℃时,晶粒开始出现粗化和不均匀。在相同温度下,随着晶粒细化剂添加量的增加,晶粒更加细小,但细化效果随着添加量的增加变得不明显。当浇注温度低于635℃时添加细化剂,晶粒尺寸和形貌无明显变化。低过热度浇注和晶粒细化复合工艺制备A356合金半固态坯料的最佳工艺条件是:浇注温度为635~655℃,细化剂添加量为0.1%~0.2%。     

不同加钛方法对6063合金细化的研究

加钛方式不同，钛含量不同，对铝及其合金的晶粒细化效果不同。对比研究了用电解低钛铝合金、加Al—5Ti中间合金、Al—5Ti—1B中间合金及电解低钛铝合金加Al—B中间合金4种加钛方式及不同钛含量对6063合金的晶粒细化效果。研究结果表明：不同的加钛方式对6063合金均有明显的细化效果，随着钛含量增加，晶粒逐渐变细；钛含量相同时，电解加钛的细化效果优于Al—5Ti中间合金的细化效果；当合金中含有硼时，钛含量相同时，电解加钛加Al—B中间合金的细化效果优于加Al—5Ti—1B的细化效果。     

Grain refinement and plastic formability of Mg-14Li-1Al alloy

Al-5Ti-1B master alloy was added into Mg-14Li-1Al(LA141)alloy and then LA141 sheets were prepared by extrusion and cold rolling.The effect of the addition level of Al-5Ti-1B master alloy on the grain size of LA141 alloy was investigated as well as the effects of the total reduction of cold rolling and the annealing temperature on microstructure,mechanical properties and plastic formability of the LA141 sheets.The results show that the optimal addition level of Al-5Ti-1B master alloy into LA141 alloy is 1.25%(mass fraction)and LA141 alloy has the finest grains.With the increase of the total reduction of cold rolling,the grains of the as-rolled LA141 sheets were flattened gradually.A proper anneal temperature of 200℃ is obtained for the cold rolled LA141 sheets. Under this condition,microstructure of the LA141 sheets consists of fine and uniform equiaxed grains and has higher Erichsen cupping index(IE).     

精炼处理对Al-Si-Mg合金熔体中TiB2粒子的影响

加入Al-5Ti-1B中间合金的Al-Si-Mg合金熔体,经N2气精炼处理后试样的晶粒尺寸较精炼处理前明显粗化,即精炼处理显著削弱了Al-5Ti-1B中间合金对Al-Si-Mg合金的细化效果。分析认为,精炼过程中一部分TiB2粒子及其聚集团极易被N2气泡捕获并游离出熔体,使异质形核衬底数目大幅减少。针对精炼对细化效果的不利影响,提出了两种解决方案,即采用Al-5Ti-0.6B-0.2C中间合金或先精炼后添加细化剂的操作工艺。     

Grain refining performance of Al-B master alloys with different microstructures on Al-7Si alloy

The improved halide salt route has been employed to produce Al-3B master alloys with different microstructures. The micro-structural features of AlB₂ particles exhibited different impacts on the grain refining response of Al-7Si alloy, evolving with the holding time after inoculation. Large blocky AlB₂ particles suffer from an intense fading effect while strip-like particles are not effective enough at the 0.005 wt% B addition level. Among the various Al-3B master alloys, sample 1 containing fine, blocky AlB₂ particles was revealed to be the most efficient in refining Al-7Si alloy. With inoculation of only 0.005%B of such alloy, the final grain size of Al-7Si alloy can reach 238 μm. Its grain refining efficiency was more or less retained for holding times up to 60 min.     

比压和双细化剂对挤压铸造Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金组织的影响

采用挤压铸造工艺制备了高速机车用Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金传动空心轴,研究了比压和Al-5Ti-1B+Al-10RE双细化剂对挤压铸造Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金传动空心轴微观组织的影响。结果表明,随着比压的不断增大,挤压铸造Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金空心轴试样中初生α-Al晶粒的形状不断变得圆整,晶粒尺寸不断变小;当比压达到160MPa时,初生α-Al晶粒中粗大的树枝晶基本消失,试样组织为非枝晶组织,试样的平均晶粒直径为25μm,平均等效圆度为0.73;随着双细化剂中Al-5Ti-1B加入量的减少、Al-10RE加入量的增加,试样的平均晶粒直径显著减小,而试样的平均等效圆度变化不大,基本上在0.65～0.75之间;当添加1%的Al-5Ti-1B+3%的Al-10RE时,试样的平均晶粒直径为21μm,平均等效圆度为0.70。     

中间合金对A356.2合金细化的效果

采用铝业协会制订的TP-1型标准测试法,对Al-10RE、Al-5Ti-1B、Al-5Ti-1B-10RE等中间合金对A356.2合金的细化效果进行评价,以优化铝合金轮毂制造过程中合金熔体细化处理工艺。结果表明, Al-5Ti-1B-10RE中间合金中的RE不仅可以有效抑制晶粒尺寸的衰退,而且在一定程度上改善Ti、B、Sr对A356.2合金显微组织的细化和变质效果;TP-1型晶粒度检测法是一种简单、直观、准确的中间合金细化效果在线评价方法。