太赫兹波纹喇叭制造工艺技术实验研究

传输太赫兹(Terahertz,THz)波的馈源结构的特征尺寸在亚毫米量级,且精度要求高.波纹喇叭馈源结构具有良好的电讯特性,但内腔结构复杂,制造难度大.针对太赫兹波纹喇叭的具体结构和技术要求,对微细加工和微电铸工艺技术进行了调研和分析,给出了一种利用这些技术的太赫兹波纹喇叭的精密成形工艺方案.开展了内腔筋宽为0.1 mm的波纹结构的工艺实验,为太赫兹波纹喇叭的精密成形提供了有益的工艺方法和工程经验.     

Note: three-dimensional stereolithography for millimeter wave and terahertz applications

Metal-coated polymers shaped by 3D stereolithography are introduced as a new manufacturing method for passive components for millimeter to terahertz electromagnetic waves. This concept offers increased design capabilities and flexibilities while shortening the manufacturing process of complex shapes, e.g., corrugated horns, mirrors, etc. Tests at 92.5, 140, and 170 GHz are reported.     

基于光子混频原理的连续太赫兹波系统及信号采集分析

由于连续太赫兹波辐射具有非常窄的频宽,在需要精细光谱分辨力的测量中具有重要应用。文中基于光子混频原理,采用两个独立的半导体激光器作为蝶形光电导天线的辐照光源,搭建了一个室温工作且可调谐的连续太赫兹波系统。重点讨论了太赫兹信号采集软件的设计;并对诊断模式、抽样模式以及连续模式下获得的信号进行了简要分析。     

基于狭缝波导的太赫兹场限制能力及频带宽度的研究

狭缝波导由于具有将光场限制在中间空气狭缝区域中传输的特性,使其可用来提高太赫兹集成器件的性能。为了分析狭缝波导结构的太赫兹场的传输特性,利用二维有限时域差分法(COMSOL-光学模块)得到了硅材质的狭缝波导在波长为450μm时的太赫兹场的传输模式和频带宽度,并获得了狭缝波导结构参数与狭缝区域太赫兹场限制能力的关系以及与频带宽度的关系。研究结果为太赫兹狭缝波导的设计提供了参考。     

介质透镜操控光电导天线辐射太赫兹波的研究

飞秒激光驱动的太赫兹 (terahertz, THz) 光电导天线是THz时域谱系统中常用的THz源,受全向辐射模式的影响,该光电导天线的天线主瓣小,方向性差。对波束的有效操控将有助于提高光电导天线的发射效率。以低温生长的砷化镓 (LT-GaAs) 作为天线基底材料,通过电磁仿真软件CST对蝶形天线辐射THz波的电磁分布特性进行仿真,研究了介质透镜对蝶形天线辐射出的THz波的操控。通过对透镜扩展厚度的理论与数值分析,得出一定频率下的最佳透镜扩展厚度值。仿真结果表明：随着频率的提高,蝶形天线在加载更小扩展厚度的硅透镜时可获得更好的方向性。     

太赫兹金属弹簧波导的研究

为深入了解金属弹簧波导对太赫兹波的传输效果,对不同螺线间距金属弹簧的太赫兹波传输特性进行了实验研究。实验结果表明,对于线径0.8 mm、外直径12 mm、长14 cm的金属弹簧,在3.5/4.4 mm等较大的螺距下,弹簧波导反而能在较大的带宽下传导太赫兹波,并具有良好的偏振保持能力。3.5/4.4 mm螺距弹簧的太赫兹传输带宽均约为0.9 THz,且在其峰值频率处的传输损耗分别约为0.2 cm-1和0.27 cm-1。此外,金属弹簧能将太赫兹模式束缚在空气芯内传输,而非通过金属螺线导引传输。该研究结果对金属弹簧波导在太赫兹技术中的应用具有一定参考意义。     

2A12铝合金圆波纹夹芯板抗平头弹冲击特性的试验研究

为研究铝合金圆波纹夹芯板对平头弹体的抗冲击性能,通过一级气炮系统开展弹体冲击铝合金圆波纹夹芯板以及等面密度单层均质板的试验.基于冲击试验数据,分析圆波纹夹芯板对弹体冲击的防护性能、失效模式和能量吸收情况,并与单层板进行对比,以获得两种靶板抗冲击性能的差异及原因.研究结果表明:弹体冲击圆波纹夹芯板的弹道极限速度低于单层板...     

铝合金三角形波纹夹芯板对平头弹抗冲击特性数值模拟研究

为研究铝合金三角形波纹夹芯板对平头弹体的抗冲击性能及损伤特性,利用有限元软件ABAQUS/Explicit建立弹体冲击靶板的数值模拟模型,并结合实验验证了模型及其参数的有效性。基于数值计算结果,分析了三角形波纹夹芯板几何结构对其防护性能、失效模式和能量吸收的影响规律及机理,并与等面密度单层板进行对比分析,研究结果表明,靶体几何结构对其抗冲击性能存在影响,三角形波纹夹芯板抗冲击性能低于单层板抗冲击性能。此外,增加芯体拓扑结构夹角能显著提高三角形波纹夹芯板的抗冲击性能,并且靶板几何形状会对其失效模式及耗能特性存在影响。     

阀门用波纹管的应力分析

基于有限元方法建立了阀门用波纹管的应力分析方法,通过对波纹管进行有限元分析。结果表明,无论何种工况,波纹管各层的应力分布规律基本相同,其分布规律是波峰与波谷部位应力较大,其余部位应力较小;在位移载荷(拉或者压)作用下,波纹管的最大等效应力均发生在波谷位置;在拉伸位移-内压联合作用下,结构最大应力发生在波峰,在压缩位移-内压联合作用下,结构最大应力发生在波谷;在工作状态下,波纹管的应力主要是由位移载荷引起,因此,在使用过程中应严格控制位移的大小。     

Fast scanning of a pulsed terahertz signal using an oscillating optical delay line

We describe a fast measurement of a pulsed terahertz signal generated by a femtosecond laser and a photoconductive antenna using an oscillating optical delay line. The method to measure the amplitude of the retroreflector in the oscillating optical delay line is proposed and the displacement of the retroreflector is exactly calculated to acquire the optical delay time in the fast scan mode. With the different oscillation frequency and amplitude of the retroreflector, the pulsed terahertz signals are measured and analyzed. The comparison of the temporal waveform and frequency spectrum between the fast scan mode and the slow scan mode shows a good agreement with the decrease in the scanning time from 60 to 1 s at a signal to noise ratio of 430.     

Photon-Assisted Electron Transmission through a Quantum Point Contact

The theory of coherent photon-assisted electron transmission through a one-dimensional smooth barrier is successfully used to model the results of measuring the terahertz photoconductivity of a tunneling point contact in a two-dimensional electron gas. For this barrier in a deeper tunneling mode, photon steps in the curve of the transmission coefficient versus initial electron energy were found. Their position is determined by the terahertz photon energy.     

基于平行板波导的双槽谐振腔的特性研究

为使在太赫兹横电波模式下基于平行板波导的对称的双矩形谐振腔结构在滤波、传感等方面有更好的应用,在理论上使用有限元方法对该结构在太赫兹横电波模式下进行了理论上的模拟仿真,并使用时域太赫兹波谱系统在实验上对其理论仿真结果进行了验证。理论和实验均表明在太赫兹横电波模式下基于平行板波导的对称的双矩形谐振腔结构,对谐振频率的选择以及谐振频率Q值的大小均与两平行板的板间距有关,即随着板间距的增大,谐振频点均出现了红移,红移的速率为136GHz/mm,并且其Q值也随着板间距的增大而变大。此结果对太赫兹横电波模式下基于平行板波导的对称的双矩形谐振腔结构在滤波、传感等方面的应用提供了参数上的依据。     

基于石墨烯太赫兹调制器的研究

利用石墨烯的电导率可以通过电压调节的特性,研究了一种基于单层石墨烯的太赫兹调制器。为了提高太赫兹-石墨烯相互作用强度,调制器采用一种石墨烯-金属复合结构。全波电磁数值仿真结果表明,在反射工作模式下,该器件在3.5 THz的调制深度大于90%。采用平面半导体工艺,实现了调制器原型器件,并对其反射谱进行了测试,实验数据与仿真结果相符,这为以后实现高质量的太赫兹调制器奠定了基础。     

基于金属阵列等离子体共振增强的太赫兹光电导天线设计

针对传统太赫兹光电导天线输出功率较低的问题,设计了一种基于金属阵列等离子体共振增强的太赫兹光电导天线,以提高太赫兹光电导天线的输出功率。通过对电磁波和半导体的物理场进行了理论分析,并建立了太赫兹光电导天线模型,利用COMSOL多物理场有限元软件进行了仿真实验研究。仿真计算了金属阵列等离子体共振增强结构不同周期宽度与高度下半导体基底对800 nm激光的光吸收量,得到了一种优化的金属阵列等离子体共振增强结构,然后计算该结构的太赫兹光电导天线的光电流,同时仿真计算了传统太赫兹光电导天线的光电流。研究结果表明:设计得到的金属阵列等离子体共振增强太赫兹光电导天线比传统太赫兹光电导天线光电流增强了约20倍,为等离子体共振增强的太赫兹光电导天线提供了依据。     

On the nonlinear vibration of heated corrugated circular plates with shallow sinusoidal corrugations

The large amplitude free vibration of corrugated circular plates with shallow sinusoidal corrugations under uniformly static temperature changes is investigated. Based on the nonlinear bending theory of thin shallow shells, the governing equations for corrugated plates are established from Hamilton's principle. These partial differential equations are reduced to corresponding ordinary ones by elimination of the time variable with Kantorovich averaging method following an assumed harmonic time mode. Then by introducing the Green's function, the resulting dynamic compatible equation and corresponding boundary conditions are converted into equivalent integral equations. Taking the central maximum amplitude of the plate as the perturbation parameter, the perturbation-variation method is used to dynamic equilibrium equation with the aid of Computer Algebra Systems, Maple, from which, the third-order approximate characteristic relation of frequency vs. amplitude for nonlinear vibration of heated corrugated plates is obtained, and the frequency–amplitude characteristic curve is plotted for some specific values of temperature and geometrical parameters. It is found that the rise in temperature will decrease the frequency and vice versa. The nonlinear effect weakens when corrugations become deeper and dense. The present method can easily be expanded for the analysis of nonlinear vibration problem for other heated thin plates and shells.     

Behaviour of axially crushed corrugated tubes

The energy absorption characteristics of corrugated tubes are experimentally studied. The corrugations are introduced in the tube to force the plastic deformation to occur at predetermined intervals along the tube generator. The aims are to improve the uniformity of the load—displacement behaviour of axially crushed tubes, predict and control the mode of collapse in each corrugation in order to optimize the energy absorption capacity of the tube. Effect of heat treatment and foam filling of these tubes are also considered. Metal tubes are mostly used throughout this study, however, PVC tubes are also considered for comparison purposes. The experimental results of crushing of the corrugated tubes make these tubes a good candidate for a controllable energy absorption element.     

双色激光产生太赫兹辐射的调控机理研究

采用双色激光在气体介质中诱导产生太赫兹波的数值模拟方法,深入分析了各种激光参数对双色激光场产生太赫兹波的影响,目的是优化参数以实现太赫兹波辐射能量的最大化。模拟计算表明,双色激光的波长、相对相位、激光脉冲宽度等对瞬态电流和太赫兹能量都有调控作用,并且具有不同的规律性。此外,还通过分析激光电场、电子密度、光电流等相关因素,对双色激光场产生太赫兹波的物理机理进行了解释。该研究为在不同激光激发条件下提高太赫兹波辐射强度,提供了详尽的参数优化分析和理论支持,对后续大幅增强太赫兹辐射效率具有重要意义。     

双色激光场下太赫兹辐射能量的调控研究

提升太赫兹(THz)脉冲产生能量一直是近些年超快光学的研究热点之一。基于双色激光在空气中拉丝产生THz波的数值模型,在隧穿电离范围内,详细分析了双色激光场产生THz波的最佳参数组合以及其产生变化的物理机理,用于得到最强的THz波辐射能量。双色激光场组合的电场具有不对称性,其引起的快速振荡有利于电子的加速过程,进而产生更大电子数密度以及在沿拉丝距离形成了更强的累积净电流。当电子密度和净电流增加时,使得单点THz辐射更强,拉丝各点辐射的THz波相干叠加,于是在远场得到了更强的THz波能量。这些研究结果为不同激光产生条件下增强THz波辐射能量提供了详尽的参数分析及理论依据,重点研究了不同寻常波长组合及不同相对相位对激光拉丝产生太赫兹波的影响,对后续大幅增强THz辐射效率具有重要意义。     

Dielectric and Optical Properties of Strontium–Barium Niobate Films in the Range of 0.2–1.3 THz

The knowledge of optical and dielectric properties of ferroelectric films, in particular, strontium–barium niobate films, in the terahertz spectral range is needed to use these films as a basis of active elements and structures for detection and control of terahertz radiation. The properties of strontium–barium niobate films with x = 0.5 grown on oriented sapphire substrates with a deposited electrode are studied by the method of terahertz time-domain spectroscopy in the spectral range of 0.2–1.3 THz. It is found that strontium–barium niobate films can be used to develop devices for detection and control of terahertz radiation.     

Precise real-time polarization measurement of terahertz electromagnetic waves by a spinning electro-optic sensor

We propose and develop a method to quickly and precisely determine the polarization direction of coherent terahertz electromagnetic waves generated by femtosecond laser pulses. The measurement system consists of a conventional terahertz time-domain spectroscopy system with the electro-optic (EO) sampling method, but we add a new functionality in the EO crystal which is continuously rotating with the angular frequency ω. We find a simple yet useful formulation of the EO signal as a function of the crystal orientation, which enables a lock-in-like detection of both the electric-field amplitude and the absolute polarization direction of the terahertz waves with respect to the probe laser pulse polarization direction at the same time. The single measurement finishes around two periods of the crystal rotations (～21 ms), and we experimentally prove that the accuracy of the polarization measurement does not suffer from the long-term amplitude fluctuation of the terahertz pulses. Distribution of the measured polarization directions by repeating the measurements is excellently fitted by a gaussian distribution function with a standard deviation of σ = 0.56°. The developed technique is useful for the fast direct determination of the polarization state of the terahertz electromagnetic waves for polarization imaging applications as well as the precise terahertz Faraday or Kerr rotation spectroscopy.