石灰石-石膏湿法烟气脱硫技术

介绍了石灰石-石膏湿法烟气脱硫技术的原理、工艺流程。石灰石-石膏湿法烟气脱硫技术具有脱硫效率高、技术成熟、单塔处理烟气量大、适用于各种煤种的烟气脱硫、吸收剂（石灰石）资源丰富,价廉易得、脱硫副产物（石膏）便于综合利用,经济效益显著等特点。     

循环流化床锅炉脱硫工艺经济性分析

循环流化床锅炉炉内脱硫无法满足排放要求时,需要对排烟进行进一步净化。烟气净化工艺主要有石灰石-石膏湿法烟气脱硫和循环流化床半干法烟气脱硫。为了比较2种工艺的经济性,建立了技术经济分析模型,对比分析了满负荷时炉内脱硫效率70%条件下的经济技术指标。分析结果表明,循环流化床半干法烟气脱硫的运行成本和总成本相对较低时,要求硫含量分别低于1.1%和2.1%;循环流化床半干法烟气脱硫的脱硫剂成本占比较大,而石灰石-石膏湿法烟气脱硫的电费占比相对略大;石灰石价格、上网电价和年运行时间是影响脱硫成本的主要因素,石灰石对脱硫成本的敏感度大于上网电价;石灰石价格低于112元/t时,石灰石-石膏湿法烟气脱硫的运行成本更高;上网电价低于0.43元/kWh时,石灰石-石膏湿法烟气脱硫的运行成本相较更低;循环流化床半干法烟气脱硫总成本在石灰石价格、电价、年运行时间的研究波动范围内相对较小;相较于常规炉内脱硫技术,超细石灰石炉内脱硫技术的炉内脱硫成本较低,与循环流化床半干法烟气脱硫工艺相结合的综合优势更显著。     

热电厂燃煤锅炉湿法烟气脱硫方案的选定

在综合分析各类烟气脱硫方法,主要是湿法烟气脱硫技术的基础上,针对电厂两台35t/h固态排渣煤粉炉的机组参数、工程特点以及设计原则等方面,选定了简易石灰石-石膏湿法烟气脱硫工艺,并详细论述了影响石灰石-石膏湿法烟气脱硫的主要因素,为后期烟气脱硫工艺中脱硫设备的设计计算与选型奠定理论基础。     

水泥窑尾烟气湿法脱硫工艺水平衡问题的探讨

简述了石灰石—石膏湿法脱硫工艺及生料磨开、停两种工艺下的脱硫情况,分析了石灰石—石膏湿法脱硫工艺水系统的构成。以5 000t/d水泥窑尾烟气石灰石—石膏湿法脱硫工艺为例,分别计算生料磨开、停两种工况下脱硫系统的出水量,提出了脱硫系统水平衡的建议。     

湿法烟气脱硫技术的应用概述

分析了湿法烟气脱硫的基本原理、脱硫剂的要求、脱硫的类型、工艺和主要的设备。重点分析了石灰石/石灰—石膏法湿法烟气脱硫技术的应用。     

焦炉烟气脱硫技术及脱硫系统改造方案

焦炉一般用焦炉煤气燃烧进行加热,焦炉烟气中含SO_2 100 mg/m~3~300 mg/m~3,因此焦炉烟气一般为大流量、低含硫量烟气所以需要对焦炉烟气进行脱硫。结合焦炉烟气特点,主要推荐氨法脱硫(湿法)、石灰石-石膏法脱硫(湿法)、循环流化床半干法烟气脱硫三种技术。本次需改造的脱硫设施采用的是石灰石-石膏法脱硫(湿法),依据装置的特点,考虑各方面因素,采用加装高效脱硫装置的改造方案。     

基于PCS7的水泥窑脱硫浆液控制系统的设计

随着水泥工业SO2排放标准的不断提高,越来越多的水泥企业采用石灰石-石膏湿法脱硫装置实现烟气SO2的超低排放,满足环保标准。脱硫浆液制备是石灰石-石膏湿法脱硫的重要部分,关乎整个脱硫系统的可靠稳定运行。基于PCS7控制系统平台,设计了某5 000 t/d水泥厂石灰石石膏湿法脱硫浆液制备控制系统。     

石灰石-石膏法烟气脱硫过程中细颗粒物形成特性

利用石灰石-石膏湿法烟气脱硫模拟试验装置分析探讨脱硫净烟气中细颗粒物物性与脱硫浆液中晶体粒度分布、浓度、形貌及元素组成间的关系,并试验考察了烟气组分及脱硫工艺条件对脱硫净烟气中细颗粒物排放的影响。结果发现:石灰石-石膏湿法烟气脱硫过程中可生成大量亚微米级细颗粒,生成的细颗粒物性与脱硫浆液中晶体物性存在密切关系,脱硫操作参数如空塔气速、液气比等对脱硫浆液液滴夹带量存在显著影响;脱硫浆液蒸发夹带是石灰石-石膏法脱硫过程中生成细颗粒物的主要来源,通过抑制细小石膏晶粒的形成及优化脱硫工艺参数可减少石灰石-石膏湿法脱硫过程中细颗粒的形成。     

石灰石／石膏湿法烟气脱硫工艺

介绍了大唐国际陡河发电厂的石灰石/石膏湿法烟气脱硫技术工艺和脱硫效果,以及工艺本身的特点。     

石灰石湿法烟气脱硫石膏脱水影响因素及解决办法

石灰石湿法脱硫是常用且可靠的对燃煤烟气进行脱硫的方法之一,其脱水系统能否正常、稳定地运行不仅影响最终石膏产品的品质,而且还会影响整个脱硫生产过程.主要对石灰石湿法烟气脱硫中石膏脱水的影响因素进行了分析并提出了解决办法.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。