北方地区污泥厌氧消化工艺应用现状分析

通过对我国北方地区108座大型污水处理厂污泥处理工艺的调研,总结了污泥厌氧消化工艺在我国北方大型污水处理厂的应用现状.结果显示,在108座污水处理厂中,共有27座采用厌氧消化工艺,其中具有代表性的9座污水厂中仅有3座正常运行.针对采用污泥厌氧消化工艺的污水处理厂,分别从工艺类型、污泥泥质、消化池池型、污泥搅拌系统、沼气利用以及系统运行管理等方面对污泥厌氧消化系统的运行状况进行了对比分析,探讨了污泥厌氧消化工艺在我国北方大型城市污水处理厂应用中存在的主要问题,并指出了解决方向.     

厌氧消化/热电联产用于污水厂污泥处理改造

分析了乌鲁木齐市河东污水处理厂原有污泥厌氧消化池工艺(已停产)存在的问题,采用污泥浓缩/中温厌氧消化/脱水/干化/土地利用工艺进行改造.改造后的污泥厌氧消化池调试运行效果较好,该工艺产生的大量热水可以作为消化池加温的热源,生成的沼气用来发电,可以满足污水厂及附近生活区日常用电需要.     

我国城市污水厂污泥厌氧消化系统的运行现状

对我国400余座城市污水厂污泥处理工艺的调查表明,目前采用污泥厌氧消化工艺的仅46家,主要采用浓缩／中温厌氧／脱水工艺,采用一级厌氧消化和二级厌氧消化的厂家数量接近,其中仅25家的污泥消化系统正在运行,沼气产量约为14×10^4m^3／d,另有6家在调试。污泥厌氧消化工艺在实际应用中仍存在着较多亟待解决的问题,沼气产率低和利用率不高大大削弱了该工艺的优势。     

白龙港污水处理厂污泥厌氧消化系统的设计和调试

白龙港污泥处理工程主要处理白龙港污水处理厂200×104 m3/d污水处理产生的污泥,采用浓缩、中温厌氧消化、污泥脱水和部分脱水污泥干化处理工艺,消化产生的沼气用于加热消化池污泥,多余的沼气作为能源干化脱水污泥。干化处理后冷凝水的余热回收辅助用于污泥消化系统供热。介绍了污泥厌氧消化系统的设计参数、工艺特点及调试情况,可供设计人员参考。     

城市污水处理厂剩余污泥厌氧消化试验研究

以北京市某污水处理厂的剩余污泥为研究对象，对该污泥的理论产气量进行了估算，考察了投加接种污泥和未投加接种污泥条件下污泥厌氧消化的产气情况，并分析了污泥消化前、后的泥质特点。结果表明：与未接种条件相比，污泥厌氧消化前采用投加接种污泥的方式可大大促进消化反应的进行，加快污泥的产气速率，使厌氧消化周期缩短近1／4，但对污泥的总产气量影响较小；在厌氧消化正常运行条件下，污泥产气量达到总产气量的90％时所需反应时间约为16d，可将其作为污泥厌氧消化工艺较为理想的消化周期；剩余污泥的消化性能差、产气率低、试验产气量占理论产气量的比例〈50％，在工程上单独的剩余污泥不宜采用厌氧消化工艺处理。     

修正技术政策导向,发展可持续的污泥处理技术

本文从国内外污泥厌氧消化技术发展、特点分析、技术经济可行性等方面阐明污泥厌氧消化工艺的技术经济优势,呼吁能够对关于污泥处理的技术政策进行调整,建立正确的政策导向,促进污泥厌氧消化工艺在我国中小城镇污水处理厂污泥处理的应用。     

青岛麦岛污水处理厂污泥消化及热电联产运行管理经验

污泥厌氧消化/热电联产是一项重要节能工艺技术,对于提高资源和能源利用效率意义重大。完善的管理是保证污泥消化及热电联产系统稳定高效运行的关键环节。麦岛污水处理厂将Multiflo~?Trio初沉污泥与生物滤池剩余污泥进行混合,形成沼气产率较高的混合污泥,并进行中温厌氧消化,所产沼气进入热电联产系统用于发电及沼气锅炉,回收余热作为污泥消化及厂区采暖热源。10余年来,麦岛污水处理厂的污泥消化及热电联产系统实现了安全、稳定、高效的运行,保证了污泥的资源化、减量化、无害化处理及利用。介绍了青岛麦岛污水处理厂污泥厌氧消化及热电联产的运行情况,探讨如何在污泥消化及热电联产间做好运行管理和调控,使之形成良性循环。     

上海市白龙港污泥处理工程工艺设计及其技术特点

上海市白龙港污泥处理工程被评为全国2010年度污泥处理处置特别关注案例,其污泥处理采用重力浓缩/离心机械浓缩/中温厌氧消化/离心脱水/部分脱水污泥流化床干化工艺.作为亚洲规模最大的采用同类处理工艺的污泥处理工程,该工程有机结合了污泥消化工艺与污泥干化工艺,首创了将污泥消化产生的沼气用于污泥干化、将污泥干化产生的余热经过回收用于污泥消化预加热的污泥综合处理工艺.     

白龙港污水厂污泥流化床干化系统设计与研究

污泥干化是污水处理厂市政污泥处理处置过程中的一个重要环节。白龙港污水处理厂作为亚洲规模最大的污水处理厂,已建成并成功运行了国内首座污泥厌氧消化+干化处理工程,以及目前全世界规模最大的污泥单独干化焚烧项目,均采用流化床干化工艺对污泥进行干化。工程应用中,流化床干化处理能力均可满足设计要求,并可充分实现与污泥消化系统及污泥焚烧系统的有机结合。干化热源、系统换热方式的选择充分考虑了不同衔接工艺的特点,节约了能源和资源消耗。流化床干化系统能够安全、稳定运行,干化系统产生的冷凝水、载气等得到妥善处置,臭气污染物得到控制。     

海口市污水处理厂污泥消化的运行分析

白沙门污水处理厂(30×104m3/d)是海口市利用德国政府软贷款兴建的第一座城市污水处理厂,处理工艺为高负荷生物处理加深海排放。2005年以前,该厂污泥仅经重力浓缩后直接离心脱水。在消化池投入运行后,污泥利用厌氧消化进行稳定处理及离心脱水,产生的沼气用来发电,其废热用于加热消化池污泥。从消化对污泥脱水、污泥量及其经济效益和环境影响等方面进行对比分析,阐明消化作为稳定工艺的必要性。在运行中应加强对沼气脱硫塔的维护,避免由于磷酸铵镁(MAP)的形成而堵塞污泥管道,同时还应积累对沼气发电机组的操作及其维护的经验。     

超声破解促进污泥高温厌氧消化研究

城市污水厂的剩余污泥经槽式超声波反应器预处理后,被投加到小型高温厌氧反应器中进行消化处理,通过改变投配率来控制厌氧消化时间,研究超声破解对高温厌氧消化反应速率和效率的影响。试验结果表明,与未经预处理的污泥相比,超声破解能够明显提高污泥高温厌氧消化的生物气产量及对有机物的去除率。控制组在停留时间为20d时对TCOD的去除率为37.29%,而破解污泥在第8天时的去除率就达到了39.60%。这表明污泥经超声破解后其厌氧消化性能得到改善,超声破解不但可以提高厌氧消化对有机物的去除率,而且可以缩短反应时间,在不影响厌氧消化反应正常进行的条件下,还实现了污泥的减量化。     

Mesophilic and thermophilic temperature co-phase anaerobic digestion compared with single-stage mesophilic- and thermophilic digestion of sewage sludge

The performance of thermophilic and mesophilic temperature co-phase anaerobic digestions for sewage sludge, using the exchange process of the digesting sludge between spatially separated mesophilic and thermophilic digesters, was examined, and compared to single-stage mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestions. The reduction of volatile solids from the temperature co-phase anaerobic digestion system was dependent on the sludge exchange rate, but was 50.7-58.8%, which was much higher than 46.8% of single-stage thermophilic digestion, as well as 43.5% of the mesophilic digestion. The specific methane yield was 424-468 mL CH(4) per gram volatile solids removed, which was as good as that of single-stage mesophilic anaerobic digestion. The process stability and the effluent quality in terms of volatile fatty acids and soluble chemical oxygen demand of the temperature co-phase anaerobic digestion system were considerably better than those of the single-stage mesophilic anaerobic processes. The destruction of total coliform in the temperature co-phase system was 98.5-99.6%, which was similar to the single-stage thermophilic digestion. The higher performances on the volatile solid and pathogen reduction, and stable operation of the temperature co-phase anaerobic system might be attributable to the well-functioned thermophilic digester, sharing nutrients and intermediates for anaerobic microorganisms, and selection of higher substrate affinity anaerobic microorganisms in the co-phase system, as a result of the sludge exchange between the mesophilic and thermophilic digesters.     

Mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestion of primary and secondary sludge. Effect of pre-treatment at elevated temperature

Anaerobic digestion is an appropriate technique for the treatment of sludge before final disposal and it is employed worldwide as the oldest and most important process for sludge stabilization. In general, mesophilic anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge is more widely used compared to thermophilic digestion. Furthermore, thermal pre-treatment is suitable for the improvement of stabilization, enhancement of dewatering of the sludge, reduction of the numbers of pathogens and could be realized at relatively low cost especially at low temperatures. The present study investigates (a) the differences between mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestion of sludge and (b) the effect of the pre-treatment at 70 degrees C on mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestion of primary and secondary sludge. The pre-treatment step showed very positive effect on the methane potential and production rate upon subsequent thermophilic digestion of primary sludge. The methane production rate was mostly influenced by the pre-treatment of secondary sludge followed by mesophilic and thermophilic digestion whereas the methane potential only was positively influenced when mesophilic digestion followed. Our results suggest that the selection of the pre-treatment duration as well as the temperature of the subsequent anaerobic step for sludge stabilization should depend on the ratio of primary to secondary sludge.     

德国汉堡污水处理厂污泥循环处理模式探讨

汉堡科勃兰霍夫污水处理厂采用污泥先浓缩，然后消化、脱水、干化，最后焚烧的处理工艺，实现污泥循环处理模式。该模式在污泥焚烧发电的同时，利用污泥焚烧的热量干化污泥，实现了外加燃料需求量为零的预期效果，并且提供了污水厂所需用电量和用热量的60％和100％，极大地提高了污泥处置的经济性，降低了运行成本。     

城市污水处理厂污泥的好氧处理研究

为了实现污泥的稳定化、减量化和无害化,对城市污水处理厂的浓缩污泥和厌氧消化污泥进行了好氧处理试验研究.试验结果表明,污泥好氧处理使污泥中有机物质含量降低,臭味减小.厌氧污泥经好氧消化处理后,一方面使污泥得到稳定化和减量化;另一方面,可以把污泥中的致病菌杀死.污泥经好氧消化后沉降性能有明显提高,絮凝剂的加入使其脱水性能也得到一定的改善.     

丹麦Lundtofte污水处理厂的运行和管理

介绍了丹麦Lundtofle 污水处理厂的机械设备、污水处理工艺(活性污泥法)、污泥处理(厌氧、消化、焚烧)的操作和运行情况,并给出了详细的运行费用方面的数据,包括药剂费、能耗等.     

Investigation of the sludge reduction mechanism in the anaerobic side-stream reactor process using several control biological wastewater treatment processes

To investigate the mechanism of sludge reduction in the anaerobic side-stream reactor (SSR) process, activated sludge with five different sludge reduction schemes were studied side-by-side in the laboratory. These are activated sludge with: 1) aerobic SSR, 2) anaerobic SSR, 3) aerobic digester, 4) anaerobic digester, and 5) no sludge wastage. The system with anaerobic SSR (system #2) was the focus of this study and four other systems served as control processes with different functions and purposes. Both mathematical and experimental approaches were made to determine solids retention time (SRT) and sludge yield for the anaerobic SSR process. The results showed that the anaerobic SSR process produced the lowest solids generation, indicating that sludge organic fractions degraded in this system are larger than other systems that possess only aerobic or anaerobic mode. Among three systems that involved long SRT (system #1, #2, and #5), it was only system #2 that showed stable sludge settling and effluent quality, indicating that efficient sludge reduction in this process occurred along with continuous generation of normal sludge flocs. This observation was further supported by batch anaerobic and aerobic digestion data. Batch digestion on sludges collected after 109 days of operation clearly demonstrated that both anaerobically and aerobically digestible materials were removed in activated sludge with anaerobic SSR. In contrast, sludge reduction in the aerobic SSR process or no wastage system was achieved by removal of mainly aerobically digestible materials. All these results led us to conclude that repeating sludge under both feast/fasting and anaerobic/aerobic conditions (i.e., activated sludge with anaerobic SSR) is necessary to achieve the highest biological solids reduction with normal wastewater treatment performance.     

臭氧氧化/厌氧消化工艺处理CEPT污泥的研究

上海市白龙港污水处理厂采用化学一级强化处理工艺（CEPT），污泥产量大且稳定性差，直接脱水填埋很难满足有关环保要求，因此对其进行稳定化和减量化研究是污泥处理、处置工作的重中之重。为此，开展了臭氧氧化／厌氧消化工艺处理该类污泥的中试研究。结果表明，当臭氧投量为0．08kg／kgDS、臭氧氧化污泥量占进泥量的比例为67％、污泥投配率为5％时，臭氧氧化对厌氧消化的促进作用比较明显，对有机物的降解率较单纯厌氧消化的高约6．3％，产气量增加了近20．1％。此外，投加臭氧还能改善污泥的脱水性能，并减少了脱水时助凝剂的投量。