拉挤工艺用耐高温环氧树脂性能研究与开发

本文主要针对拉挤工艺用耐高温环氧树脂,研究了不同耐高温环氧树脂体系的固化动力学,对树脂体系进行了不同组份配比的试验,得到了最佳树脂配方,获得了适合拉挤工艺的树脂体系以及固化工艺温度。研究内容主要包括树脂配方的确定及优化以及复合材料的动态机械性能测试。研究结果为今后碳纤维电缆芯制造用环氧树脂及其配方提供了研究基础。     

复合材料模具用树脂基体的研究

以自制改性咪唑为固化剂,酚醛型EP(环氧树脂)为基体树脂,制备出复合材料模具用中温固化的耐高温EP体系。研究结果表明:当w(改性咪唑)=4%(相对于EP质量而言)时,EP浇铸体的中温(80℃)凝胶时间约为50 min、冲击强度为12.8 kJ/m2、弯曲强度为125 MPa、弯曲模量为3.20 GPa和热变形温度为280℃,具有良好的力学性能和优异的耐高温性能,满足复合材料模具中温固化高温使用的基本要求。     

风电叶片用碳纤维拉挤板材国产化树脂性能的研究

随着风电叶片长度的增加,对增强材料的刚度和强度等性能提出了新的要求,使用碳纤维增强已经成为一种发展趋势。选取了国产化的拉挤树脂,对树脂黏度、凝胶时间以及浇筑体性能进行了研究。研究发现:国产化的拉挤树脂具有良好的流动性和浸润性,树脂凝胶时间较长,固化时间较短,非常适于拉挤工艺对树脂的要求;拉挤树脂固化浇筑体的拉伸和弯曲性能均满足拉挤风电复合材料的性能要求。     

橡胶履带用玻纤增强环氧拉挤芯板的研制与性能

结合国外某型特种车辆用整体式橡胶履带复合材料芯板的技术要求,选用环氧/酸酐树脂体系作基体材料,玻璃纤维作增强材料,运用拉挤成型工艺方法制备橡胶履带用玻纤增强环氧拉挤芯板,并对其力学性能、耐热性能以及粘合性能进行分析测试。结果表明,玻纤增强环氧拉挤芯板不仅具有优异的力学性能,而且满足橡胶履带整体包覆成型工艺耐热要求和界面粘合性能要求,可替代传统金属芯金作为整体式橡胶履带的关键承载部件。     

纤维增强聚氨酯拉挤复合材料：Ⅱ.工艺参数对机械和耐热性能的影响

本文提出了一种制造拉挤聚氨酯(PU)复合材料新颖的工艺。研究了工艺参数对纤维增强PU拉挤复合材料的机械性能(如弯曲强度、弯曲模量等)和耐热性能(热变形温度,HDT)的影响。这些工艺参数包括牵引速率(模内线速度),模具温度,填料种类和含量以及后固化时间和温度。研究结果表明,复合材料在不同模具温度下具有不同的最佳牵引速率。以DSC固化曲线为基础可确定溶胀率,复合材科的机械性能和耐热性能,最佳的模具温度。研究发现复合材料的机械性能和耐热性能随着各类填料的含量增加而提高。机械性能在一适宜的后固化温度和时间下也提高。此外,对复合材料的性能在经长时间后固化,由于降解而使性能下降的情况也进行了讨论。     

一种可用于拉挤成型的改性苯并恶嗪树脂体系

将PM型苯并恶嗪与环氧树脂F-51按照质量比7∶3共混,加入适量的2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑作为固化剂,首次制备了能够适用于拉挤成型的树脂基体。采用凝胶时间测试,示差扫描量热分析,动态热机械分析(DMA)和力学性能测试研究了该树脂体系的粘度特性、固化行为和使用性能。结果表明,该体系150℃下的凝胶时间5 min,60℃粘度471 mPa.s,树脂浇注体的弯曲强度156.7 MPa,弯曲模量4.9 GPa,玻璃化转变温度180℃。该树脂体系具有凝胶快、粘度低以及较好的力学性能和耐热性等特点,能够满足拉挤成型工艺的要求。     

基于DSC法的混杂纤维增强树脂基复合材料拉挤工艺研究

为提高碳纤维/玻璃纤维混杂增强树脂基复合材料(以下简称混杂纤维复合材料)拉挤型材的固化质量和力学性能,通过差示扫描量热分析(DSC)法,得出了相同配方条件下复合材料的4种不同升温速率下的固化DSC曲线,运用T–β外推法初步确定了三段式加热拉挤成型方法的温度工艺参数范围。在此基础上,选择直径为10 mm的混杂纤维棒材作为研究对象,变化不同的拉挤温度和速度制备型材,并对其分别进行力学性能试验,研究拉挤工艺参数对复合材料力学性能的影响,从而根据力学性能表征进一步明确适合于本配方的生产工艺参数。结果表明,通过以上方法所得到的混杂纤维复合材料拉挤工艺参数能够满足制备混杂纤维复合材料型材的要求;与传统的经验方法相比,采用该方法更为高效和准确。     

快速拉挤用环氧树脂体系TTT图构建及应用

拉挤成型复合材料由于其质量轻、强度高、生产成本低等优点被广泛应用。拉挤成型用树脂基体是影响复合材料工艺和性能的关键因素，掌握其在成型固化过程中的凝胶化和玻璃化行为对工艺制定和提高复合材料性能具有重要意义。文中制备了快速拉挤成型环氧树脂基体，采用动态差示扫描量热仪(DSC)和半经验的唯象模型研究了树脂固化度和固化时间、温度之间的关系，绘制了等固化度曲线；采用恒温DSC得到了基于DiBenedetto经验方程的玻璃化转变曲线；通过测试树脂的凝胶点，研究了凝胶时间和温度的关系。综合上述工作绘制了拉挤树脂体系的TTT(Time-Temperature-Transition)图，由TTT图确定了拉挤速度及模具温度设置。依据确定的工艺参数制备了拉挤板材，经超声扫描和DSC测试，复合材料内部无空隙，玻璃化转变温度达到了树脂完全固化水平。     

碳纤维增强海因环氧树脂复合材料拉挤工艺性能研究

通过DSC分析及粘度和力学性能测试研究了海因环氧树脂/甲基六氢苯二酸酐/2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑体系的粘度特性,固化反应动力学,浇铸体及碳纤维增强拉挤成型复合材料的力学性能。结果表明,该体系在50℃下,15 h内粘度<500 mPa.s,可以满足拉挤工艺要求。其碳纤维复合材料的玻璃化温度达到206℃以上,剪切强度达到80 MPa,耐热性和力学性能良好。     

用于挤拉成型的高性能无MDA环氧树脂体系

目前,90％以上的挤拉成型制品是用玻璃纤维增强的热固性聚酯树脂生产的。在许多工业市场上,该体系成本低、生产速度快、性能良好。树脂增强纤维和工艺控制方面的新发展为先进的高性能结构部件提供了更多的机会。例如添加玻纤、碳纤或芳纶纤维的环氧树脂体系,工艺条件合适能生产出航天等级的复合材料部件。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。