Collective modes in coupled semiconductor disk lasers in the case of whispering-gallery modes

Samples of coupled semiconductor disk laser based on quantum-dimensional GaInAsSb/AlGaAsSb nanoheterostructures (emission wavelength of λ ≈ 2.28 μm) operating in the whispering-gallery modes are fabricated and studied. The emission spectra and directivity patterns are studied for laser systems of two types, i.e., coupled disk lasers with a bridge between resonators and those without it. It is found that both types of these lasers generate collective modes with an intermodal difference twice as small as that for a single disk laser. It is suggested that this effect is caused by the propagation of radiation from one disk laser to the other.     

Approximate approach to the design of shielded dielectric diskresonators with whispering-gallery modes

An analytical method is presented for calculating the resonant frequency and the Q-factor of shielded dielectric disk resonators excited in whispering-gallery modes. The method is based on a single-mode representation of electromagnetic fields in partial regions of the resonator. For high order modes with high degree of energy concentration in the dielectric this method gives a good agreement with experimental results obtained for different sapphire disks at both room temperature and cryogenic temperatures     

近场散射体对阵列超分辨波达方向估计性能的影响和补偿方法

测定电波到达方向（DOA）是无线电定位系统的基本任务之一,先进的阵列超分辨测向技术获得广泛关注。在船载和机载等平台应用中,阵列天线由于受安装空间所限,其旁边存在散射体,这时阵列接收到的信号既包括远场目标信号又有近场散射体散射出多径信号。本文分析了这种近场散射信号对DOA估计性能的影响,即散射信号会在DOA谱上多形成一个干扰性质的谱峰,并且若散射信号来波方向靠近直达波来波方向时,会造成模糊现象。最后文章在多重信号分类算法（MUSIC）的基础上提出一种补偿方法,能够很好的抑制散射信号所造成的这种影响,实验仿真结果验证该算法的有效性。      

MAGICTRAC,a novel method for conversion of whispering-gallery modes into a free-space Gaussian-like beam

A novel device, MAGICTRAC, is described for efficient conversion at millimeter wavelengths of the TE _m,n whispering-gallery mode into a linearly polarized, free-space Gaussian-like beam. MAGICTRAC uses a mode-converting waveguide taper and three mirror optics, one of which incorporates a twist reflector to linearly polarize the output beam. An example design is presented for the TE_15,2 mode at 140 GHz with a calculated efficiency of 96%. Related possible applications include (1) installation of the MAGICTRAC within the vacuum envelope of a gyrotron to separarate the spent e-beam from the generated rf, (2) generation of a whispering-gallery mode by injection of a Gaussian-like beam into the output end, and (3) conversion of TE _m,n modes into TE_0n modes for low-loss transmission in smooth-wall waveguide.     

Simulation of charge trajectories in a cylindrical beam in the presence of a variable magnetic field

Trajectories in a cylindrical beam are analyzed. Trajectories in various magnetic fields in the presence or absence of a spatial charge are considered. Chaotic regimes of the considered dynamic system are found.     

The spectrum of whispering-gallery modes with large azimuthal indexes in thin disk dielectric resonators

The dispersion and resonance characteristics of whispering-gallery modes in a resonator with a small height-to-radius ratio are investigated theoretically and experimentally. It is shown that the calculated mode frequencies and azimuthal indexes match the experimental data obtained in the millimeter-wave range for resonators fabricated from certain materials. A maximum is revealed in the dependence of frequency intervals between neighboring modes on the azimuthal index at large values of the latter.     

Theoretical analysis of the coupling between whispering-gallery dielectric resonator modes and transmission lines

Whispering-gallery dielectric resonator modes coupled to one or two transmission lines form a millimetre-wave directional filter or a millimetre-wave stopband filter. The coupling is discussed and a formula for loaded Q is proposed.     

The spatially averaged electric field in the near field and far field of a circular aperture

This paper presents a theoretical and numerical investigation of the spatially averaged electric field in the beam of a circular aperture. The investigation leads to closed-form analytical expressions, based on scalar diffraction theory, which describe the spatially averaged electric field in the Fresnel region of a circular aperture excited by a spatially uniform, harmonic plane wave. The expressions ultimately permit rapid, practical, and efficient prediction of certain routine electromagnetic measurements. Because the expressions are valid in the Fresnel region, they are also valid in the near field, the far field, and the Fraunhofer region of a circular aperture. In fact, it is shown that the closed-form expressions contain, as special cases, classic on-axis and far-field results associated with a circular aperture. The analytical expressions are based on a generalization of Fresnel diffraction originally developed by Lommel in the late 1800s. Hence, a thorough review of the literature on the Lommel diffraction formulation is presented. Finally, it is shown that results obtained from the closed-form expressions compare quite favorably to results obtained from the exact solution computed via the dyadic Green's function approach.     

基于ANSYS的圆截面激光晶体的热变形分析

为了研究圆截面Nd:GdVO4激光晶体在端面抽运下的温度场和热变形场,考虑弹性体的协调性,采用有限元方法进行了分析,得到了端面抽运激光晶体棒内温度场和热形变场的数值解,并与相同条件下传热学方法计算结果进行了比较。结果表明,两种方法具有相同的最高温度,但有限元法计算所得最大变形量偏小。这一分析结果对端面抽运固体激光的优化设计提供了参考。     

Calculation for geometrical aberrations of a deflection system with a uniform electrostatic field

In this paper, formulas of third geometrical deflection aberrations for an ideal uniform electrostatic field are derived by solving the motion equations of an electron passing through this field. The results can be used not only to estimate the distortion, astigamatism and field curvature, and coma produced by a Gaussian or shaped electron beam, but also to set the original size of the deflector and determine the effect caused by the misalignment between the electron beam and the deflector. Some mistakes in Sturrock’s paper (1955) are also pointed out.     

Self-induced thermal distortion in the near field for a laser beam in a moving medium

A theoretical model is developed that predicts the steady-state self-induced thermal distortion of a laser beam in an absorbing medium flowing transverse to the direction of propagation. A general perturbation solution is obtained that is appropriate when the thermal distortion effects are small. A computer iteration of this solution is performed to obtain results that are applicable over an increased range of distortion conditions. The effects of diffraction are neglected, and therefore the solution is limited to the near-field range of the laser beam or to a range where a caustic or infinite intensity is predicted as a result of the self-focusing associated with the thermal distortion effects of the flow. The thermal distortion of an initially Gaussian collimated laser beam causes a shift of the beam into the direction of the flow and, at the outset of the thermal effects, a decrease in the peak intensity. As the thermal distortion becomes more severe, the self-induced effects cause an increase in the peak intensity, i.e., a focusing to occur. Experimental results are presented for the thermal distortion of a CW CO2laser beam propagating in CS2that moves transverse to the propagation direction. The data verify the predicted beam deflection and the defocusing as well as focusing effects of the self-induced thermal distortion.     

高斯反射平凹二维腔横模选择特性的有限阶矩阵分析

本文利用自再现理论,将高斯反射二维腔的衍射积分析方程转化为有限阶国方程,对高斯反射平凹二维腔的横模选择特性进行数值分析,研究结果表明,高斯反射平凹二维腔选横模的性能优越,可应用于大功率激光器,从而为激光材料表面处理提供优质的激光光束。     

Electron beam in the presence of a periodic magnetic field with allowance for the thermal velocities of electrons

Equations are derived to study the effect of the initial transverse thermal velocities of electrons on the configuration of an intense electron beam in an electron-optical system with a significant divergence for the case of the beam focusing by a periodic magnetic field. It is demonstrated that the minimization of the effect of thermal velocities of electrons in the electron-optical system with the given level of the periodic focusing field and the cathode radius and temperature and the limiting compression of the beam in the presence of such a field is reached with the shaping systems in which an optimal magnetic flux passes through the cathode and the flux depends on the parameters of the thermal beam and the focusing field.     

激光场中电子与氢原子的非弹性碰撞

导出了低频激光场存在时电子与氢原子非弹性碰撞的N光子吸收微分截面公式和有关的求和规则。对高能区域做了计算和讨论。     

Calculation of the electric field enhancement for a degenerate diffusion process

The internal electric field produced by a constant source impurity diffusion is calculated using Fermi-Dirac statistics for the majority carrier. Numerical results indicate that treating the material as if it were nondegenerate always produces an underestimate in the electric field. The field enhancement factor which gives the ratio of the effective diffusion coefficient to the impurity diffusion coefficient valid for a degenerate diffusion process is clarified.     

雷电近区电场峰值及其变化率随距离的变化研究

人工引雷试验对前端测量装置的电源稳定供应和恶劣环境下的工作可靠性要求较高. 为了解决传统电池供电电场传感器持续工作能力不足以及强雷暴环境下的试验安全等问题,研制了一套基于光纤供能的雷电电磁脉冲电场测量系统. 系统电源供给、信号测量和数据监控传输均通过光纤连接,采用STM32微处理器进行监控,具有电源管理、传输比在线校准和温度在线监测功能. 介绍了系统的主电路设计,并对系统的功能和性能进行了试验测试. 结果表明：在夏季环境温度26～40 ℃的情况下,通过光纤供能的光伏电池能够持续稳定工作,测量系统−3 dB带宽达到33 MHz;通过3组不同灵敏度天线切换,可用量程范围为0.18~117 kV/m,满足人工引雷通道近区电场的测量需求.     

雷电近区电场峰值及其变化率随距离的变化研究

闪电近区电场具有瞬时性和高强度的特点,在雷电防护工程设计及雷电效应测试中,往往需要根据雷电所产生的脉冲辐射强度采取相应的防护、测试措施,在雷电防护标准规范中应明确给出距离雷电通道不同距离处的电场峰值及其变化率的变化情况.文中在传输线（transmission-line,TL）模型的基础上,对雷电近区电场峰值及其变化率随距离的变化进行近似表达,并与相关文献报道的实测数据进行了对比.结果表明,近似表达式的结果与文献报道的实测数据及课题组野外实际观测数据较为吻合,可用于表征距离雷电通道1 km范围内电场峰值和电场变化率的变化,对实际防雷设计和相关的效应测试具有一定的指导意义.     

Reduction of mode Q-factor due to coupling between fundamental and first order whispering-gallery modes in coupled microdisks

The mode characteristics for twin coupled microdisks are investigated by finite-difference time-domain technique. In the coupled microdisks,the same order whispering-gallery(WG) modes can form coupled modes with split mode wavelengths. We find that the coupled fundamental and first order WG modes can have anticrossing mode coupling as their wavelengths approach the same value in some case,which prevents the cross of the coupled mode wavelengths. The anticrossing mode coupling greatly reduces the coupled mode Q-factor,because the coupled mode field distribution transfers between the fundamental and the first order WG modes.     

APPROXIMATE CALCULATION FOR THE NEAR FIELD OF ELEMENT CURRENT IN MICROSTRIP STRUCTURE WITH DIELECTRIC COVER

Simple approximate formulas of near field for an element current in microstrip struc-ture are derived by using the exact formulas consisting of integrals of Sommerfeld type.Resultscalculated with these formulas are compared with those obtained by numerically calculating Som-merfeld integrals.It is shown that these formulas are valid for small ρ/λ and have no limitationof layer thickness and loss.