Cr2O3-Al2O3-ZrO2高铬制品

介绍了Cr2O3-Al2O3-ZrO2制品的组成及各组成的作用、烧成气氛、制品的显微结构特征和性能指标.着重论述了影响制品性能的烧成工艺和以电熔、烧结两种Cr2O3颗粒生产的Cr2O3-Al2O3-ZrO2制品的显微结构差异,表明在还原气氛下烧成的Cr2O3-Al2O3-ZrO2制品性能优良,而采用电熔Cr2O3料生产的Cr2O3-Al2O3-ZrO2制品性能优于使用烧结Cr2O3料生产的.     

引入纳米Cr_2O_3前驱体对致密氧化铬材料烧结的影响

在氧化铬材料中分别引入0.3%、0.6%、0.9%和1.2%(按Cr2O3的质量分数计)的纳米Cr2O3前驱体——氢氧化铬溶胶,通过喷雾造粒、等静压成型,将制备的致密氧化铬试样在氮气气氛中分别于1350、1400、1450℃下烧成后,测定烧后试样的显气孔率和常温抗折强度,并采用SEM分析烧成后试样的显微结构。结果表明:加入氢氧化铬溶胶促进了致密氧化铬材料的烧结,其加入量为w(Cr2O3)=0.3%时,材料中的气孔明显减少,常温抗折强度显著提高;加入适量氢氧化铬溶胶促进了材料的烧结致密化,使试样结构更加致密,气孔呈微细化均匀分布。     

从热力学计算分析气氛对高铬耐火材料烧结的影响

纯Cr2O3和含Cr2O3高的高铬耐火材料在氧化气氛中是非常难烧结的材料,在埋碳条件下较易烧结致密。关于埋碳条件下该材料易烧结致密的原因,有观点认为是生成液态CrO产生的液相烧结,根据热力学分析,在埋碳维持的还原气氛中,在1550℃,CO还原Cr2O3的生成物是铬的碳化物而不是液态CrO,并在Cr2O3的还原气氛烧结实验中得到证实。在热力学分析和实验的基础上,进一步分析了烧成气氛对高铬耐火材料烧结的影响,提出了促进其烧结的措施。     

MgAlON结合镁质和尖晶石质材料的烧结性能

以镁砂或尖晶石为骨料,以Al-Al2O3 -MgO混合粉为基质料,采用氮化烧结法制成MgAlON结合镁质和尖晶石质复合材料,研究了烧成温度和基质料中Al2O3、Al比 (质量比,下同 )和Al2O3、MgO比对试样烧结性能的影响。研究表明:以尖晶石为骨料的试样的烧结致密化程度随烧成温度的升高而提高,但以镁砂为骨料的试样在 1400℃时烧结致密化程度最差;随着基质料中Al2O3、Al比的提高,以镁砂为骨料的试样的烧结致密化程度基本上呈增加趋势,以尖晶石为骨料的试样的烧结致密化程度则基本上呈下降趋势;当基质料中Al2O3、MgO比为 2. 33时,以镁砂为骨料的试样的烧结致密化程度最差,而以尖晶石为骨料的试样的烧结致密化程度随着基质料中Al2O3、MgO比的提高而降低。     

Al2O3陶瓷制品烧结工艺的影响因素探讨

阐述了Al2O3制品的烧结机理,分析了烧成气氛,添加剂对Al2O3制品烧结的影响,探讨理想的升温制度、保温时间.     

影响中温釉铅溶出量的因素

论述了ZnO、BaCO3、MgCO3、Li2O3等氧化物及CuO、Cr2O3、Co2O3等着色氧化物对铅溶出量的影响，分析了烧成气氛、烧成温度对铅溶出量的影响。试验表明，ZnO、BaO、MgO、SrO、Li2O具有抑制铅溶出量的作用，CuO、K2O、Na2O会增加铅溶出量，烧成温度提高会降低铅溶出量。     

玻璃纤维池窑用致密Cr_2O_3制品的开发

以高纯工业Cr2 O3为原料 ,研究了工艺因素和添加剂对Cr2 O3制品性能的影响。结果表明 :复合添加剂对Cr2 O3制品性能和烧结性的作用优于单一组分添加剂。该复合添加剂的作用机理是 :活化Cr2 O3晶格 ,强化其晶粒间的结合程度 ,在Cr2O3晶粒周围形成一层高熔点的环状新生相 ,这种新生相既可阻止Cr2 O3晶粒长大 ,驱动Cr2 O3晶粒紧密结合 ,又可防止Cr2 O3进一步与O2 亲合 ,在较低温度下就可显著促进Cr2 O3的烧结     

烧成制度对AlN陶瓷性能及显微结构的影响

为了制备结构致密的Al N陶瓷,在Al N粉末中加入2%(w)的Y2O3,经细磨、造粒、成型烘干后,在热压炉内于氮气气氛中1 800~1 950℃分别保温1~4 h无压烧结制得Al N陶瓷,并研究了烧成温度和保温时间对Al N陶瓷致密度、导热性及显微结构的影响。结果表明:随着烧成温度的提高和保温时间的延长,添加Y2O3的Al N陶瓷的晶粒趋于均匀,显气孔率下降,致密化程度提高;当烧成温度为1 850℃,保温时间达到2 h时,Al N陶瓷的相对密度达到99.8%,热导率达到94.8 W·(m·K)-1。     

金属铬粉对致密氧化铬材料烧结性能的影响

以Cr2O3微粉、TiO2微粉、金属铬粉为原料,聚乙烯醇(PVA)为结合剂,经喷雾造粒、冷等静压成型后,采用标准氮气和氧气的混合气体控制气氛,其氧分压分别控制在1 010、10.1 Pa,1 450 ℃保温3 h烧成,研究了金属铬粉加入量(其质量分数分别为0、0.5%、1.0%、1.5%和2.0%)对致密氧化铬材料烧结性能的影响.结果表明:添加0.5%的金属铬粉可明显降低试样内部氧分压,且由于此时氧化反应引起的膨胀小,致密氧化铬材料在1 010和10.1 Pa的较高氧分压下即可实现致密化烧结;致密氧化铬材料中引入的金属铬粉不宜过多,否则金属铬粉氧化发生的膨胀反应会导致材料的性能下降.     

Al2O3/h-BN自润滑复相陶瓷烧成工艺的探讨

通过探讨烧成方法和烧成温度对Al2O3/h-BN自润滑复相陶瓷物相组成、显微结构的影响,结果表明：常压烧成时,材料很不致密;热压烧成时由于压力和液相的共同作用,可以破坏片状h-BN长大时形成的卡片房式结构,促使片状h-BN定向排列,缩小材料的孔隙率,提高了材料的致密度。由于h-BN的卡片房式结构的阻碍,Al2O3/h-BN自润滑复相陶瓷材料较难烧结致密,需要高温热压烧成,烧成温度初步确定在1700～1800℃之间。     

Effect of Chromium Powder on Sintering Property of Chrome Oxide Materials

The specimens were prepared using Cr2O3 micropowder, TiO2 micropowder and chromium powder as starting materials, PVA as binder, after spraying granulation and cold isostatic pressing, firing at 1 450 ℃ for 3 h in standard nitrogen and oxygen control atmosphere (oxygen partial pressure was 1 010 Pa and 10.1 Pa, respectively). Effects of chromium powder (mass percent were 0, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0%, respectively) on sintering behaviors of Cr2O3 materials were researched. The results show that: adding 0.5% c...     

Inhibited Cr(VI) formation in Cr2O3-containing refractory castable using reactive MgO as hydraulic binder

Reactive MgO was used in the first time as alternative hydraulic binder of calcium aluminate cement (CAC) to prepare Cr₂O₃-bearing refractory castable. The formation of Cr(VI), and physical and mechanical properties of MgO-bonded refractory castables after heat-treating were investigated. Microstructural characterization and phase composition analyses on the heat-treated MgO-bonded refractory castable matrices resulted in a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism for the inhibition of Cr(VI), and of the strength development during firing. The results indicate that compared with CAC, Cr(VI) levels were 6.7–28.1 times lower using reactive MgO after firing at 700–1300 °C. The in situ Mg(Cr,Al)₂O₄ spinel formed from the preferential interactions among MgO and Cr₂O₃ and Al₂O₃ would be the main reason leading to the inhibited Cr(VI) formation and strength development during firing.     

Cr2O3对矾土基喷涂料性能的影响

以铝矾土为主要原料,铝酸钙水泥、硅微粉为结合系统,分别研究了不同添加量的Cr2O3对矾土基喷涂料性能的影响。试样自然干燥24h脱模后,再经110℃烘干24h,分别于1000℃、1300℃和1500℃热处理3h。检测各温度热处理后试样的线变化率、体积密度、抗折强度、耐压强度以及试样的热膨胀系数、耐磨性能和抗热震性能。结果表明,在矾土基喷涂料中添加Cr2O3不利于提高材料的低温和中温强度,但利于提高材料的高温强度;在矾土基喷涂料中添加Cr2O3不能提高材料的耐磨性能;试样中添加Cr2O3后增大了试样的热膨胀系数。添加适量的Cr2O3可提高试样的抗热震性能;过量的添加Cr2O3会对试样的抗热震性产生负面的影响。     

Densification and resistance to hydration and slag attack of ilmenite-doped MgO-dolomite refractories in relation to their thermal equilibrium and microfabric

This work aims at studying rate of densification, resistance to hydration and slag attack of 0.0–2.0 wt.% ilmenite-doped MgO-dolomite refractories fired at 1400–1700 °C, in relation to their thermal equilibrium and microfabric. XRF, XRD, SEM, EDAX and mercury intrusion were used to characterize the fired samples. The modular system MgO-MF(MA)-C₂S-M₂S was applied in determining their thermal equilibrium data. The rate of hydration and attack by steel-slag were also measured using CLM.It is concluded that doping the dolomitic-magnesite with 0.5 wt.% ilmenite leads to maximize rate of densification after firing for 4 h at only 1500 °C. Direct-bonded MgO-MgO network is shown enclosing merwinite and monticellite with minor magnesio-ferrite spinel solid solution ex-soluted within the periclase network. Due to the dense microfabric, the hydration resistance is enhanced 8 times compared with the un-doped samples. Also, there is deeper infiltration of the slag/refractory reaction products of the un-doped MgO-dolomite sample as compared with the doped one.     

水煤浆加压气化炉用Cr2O3-Al2O3-ZrO2砖的损毁模式

详细分析了陕西渭河煤化工集团有限责任公司的德士古(Texaco)水煤浆加压气化炉用Cr2O3-Al2O3-ZtO2砖的损毁模式及影响因素,并提出了降低耐火砖损毁的方法.认为块状剥落、烧蚀损伤、冲蚀损伤和机械损坏是造成耐火砖损毁的主要原因;提高耐火砖自身的抗侵蚀能力,改善炉衬砌筑结构和炉内工况气氛,控制适当的炉渣特性,以及采用正确的修理维护方法,是提高德士古水煤浆加压气化炉用Cr2O3-Al2O3-ZrO2砖使用寿命的主要途径.经过几年的反复试验和技术改进,特别是采用中钢集团洛阳耐火材料研究院生产的Cr2O3-Al2O3-ZrO2砖后,渭河煤化工集团有限责任公司的德士古水煤浆加压气化炉用Cr2O3-Al2O3-ZrO2砖的使用寿命已从原设计的8000 h提高到现在的23000 h.     

自蔓延高温合成法制备Al2O3-Cr金属陶瓷

研究了稀释剂Cr2O3对Al-Cr2O3体系自蔓延高温合成（SHS）反应过程及反应产物的影响,并讨论了用自蔓延加压法制备致密的Al2O3-Cr金属陶瓷的可能性。实验结果表明：随稀释剂Cr2O3加入量的增加,Al-Cr2O3体系SHS反应温度和反应产物的孔隙度逐渐降低,激发反应所面的加热时间延长。稀释剂Cr2O3的加入能改善Al2O3与Cr之间的润湿性,避免在反应产物中出现Cr偏聚和分层现象。在一定稀释剂Cr2O3加入量下,通过采用在SHS反应结束后迅速施加－压力将可能制备出致密的Al2O3-Cr金属陶瓷。     

Effect of talc and bauxite on sintering,microstructure, and refractory properties of Egyptian dolomitic magnesite

Abstract

Refractories produced from mixes of Egyptian dolomitic magnesite with talc and low cost Chinese bauxite have been assessed as potential substitutes for the high temperature basic refractory bricks currently used in steelmaking and other industries. Fifteen batches of different compositions were prepared by firing for 2 h up to 1580° C. Six samples were selected for further investigation on the basis of their phase composition and densification parameters. The mineralogical composition and microstructure, pore size distribution, and mechanical and refractory properties of these samples were investigated. All six samples consisted mainly of MgO and MA spinel refractory phases, plus some calcium silicates and aluminoferrite phases. The latter phases contribute to densification during firing by promoting liquid phase formation. Most samples showed high refractoriness under load, good spalling resistance, better mechanical properties than current refractories, and compact microstructure. It is concluded that these new refractories are good candidate materials for the production of shaped linings for industrial kilns and furnaces.     

The causes of expansion in fireclay products during firing

Conclusions The expansion of fireclay products during firing is due to the bloating of the grog. Bloating of the dry clays is observed during firing when they are fired in lumps with their natural structure intact.The expansion of the products depends on the conditions of firing the grog, the degree of firing, the time of firing, and the nature of the kiln atmosphere:increasing the temperature of maximum densification of the clay gives rise to bloating of the grog; firing the clay into grog with a fast cycle leads to a bigger expansion that with slow firing; maintenance of a reducing or weakly oxidizing atmosphere during the firing of the clays into grog contributes to a reduction in the growth of the articles.The expansion of the article depends on the firing temperature; in the preparation of grog from biscuit-dry clays, the expansion is noted at firing temperatures of more than 1380°C. The expansion of the articles as a rule is higher, the higher the content of the original raw materials and impurities contributing to sintering.An increase in the grog of fractions finer than 0.088 mm contributes to an increase in the expansion of the articles.The work was shared with O.T. Anosova, M.I. Ivanov, and V.A. Petrova.     

液相烧结8YSZ陶瓷的性能研究

以Bi2O3为烧结助剂,利用液相烧结法制备8YSZ陶瓷材料,研究了烧结助剂对材料致密化、相组成、显微结构、力学性能及电学性能的影响.结果表明:烧结助剂的引入显著促进了材料的致密化、降低了烧结温度;引入烧结助剂Bi2O3后,使得ZrO2中的Y2O3含量减少,以致出现了含有单斜相氧化锆的第二相;而材料的致密化和单斜相氧化锆的出现,又使其具有良好的力学性能,同时对电学性能也有一定的影响.