溶胶结合压入料对传统压入料性能的改善

以w(Al2O3)≥60％的莫来石为骨料,α-Al2O3(≤0.043 mm)微粉和w(Al2 O3)≥80％的矾土粉为粉料,采用硅溶胶作结合剂,研制了一种新型高炉维修用压入料,与传统采用树脂或焦油等有机结合,以及采用水玻璃结合的压入料相比,溶胶结合压入料具有较小的线变化率、较高的中温及高温强度、较低的导热系数、良好的抗热震稳定性和抗CO侵蚀性,同时基本实现了对环境无污染.该材料能对高炉在服役中在炉衬及热风管道内形成贯通性裂纹进行有效的填充,从而阻止气流从裂缝侵入,在炉壳和衬体之间流动.     

硅溶胶结合刚玉-碳化硅质浇注料的特性分析及应用

以致密刚玉(粒径为5～8mm、3～5mm、1～3mm、及0.088～1 mm)和碳化硅(粒径为3～5mm、1～3mm、及0.088～1 mm)为骨料,以白刚玉粉(≤0.043 mm,w(Al2O3)≥99.40％),活性α-Al2O3微粉(≤0.043 mm,w(Al2O3)≥99.40％)及碳化硅粉(≤0.074 mm,w(SiC)≥97.0％)为细粉;以硅溶胶为结合剂制备了刚玉-碳化硅质浇注料.该浇注料具有:(1)较高的中温和高温强度(经实验测试810℃×3h和1400℃×3h处理后该浇注料的抗折强度在10.0 MPa、耐压强度在80.0 MPa以上);(2)良好的抗渣侵蚀性、抗热震稳定性(1100℃(≒)水冷抗热震循环测试＞ 100次);(3)较适中的导热系数;(4)较好的高温施工性和可快速烘烤性,简化了干燥和烘烤工艺,缩短高炉的休风时间,提高高炉设备利用率.     

w（Al2O3）≥80%的矾土熟料和矾土均化料的性能及应用

通过对w(Al2O3)≥80%的矾土熟料和矾土均化料的性能检测发现:均化料的致密度(体积密度3.42g·cm-3,显气孔率0.84%)优于矾土熟料的(体积密度3.32 g·cm-3,显气孔率4.19%);应用试验表明:以矾土均化料为骨料制成的铝镁碳砖的高温抗折强度高于以矾土熟料为骨料的。因此,矾土均化料更适用于矾土与非氧化物复合的耐火材料。     

热风炉管道用Al_2O_3-SiO_2浇注料性能的影响因素

为了提高热风炉管道用浇注料的使用寿命,以矾土均化料、红柱石颗粒和细粉、白刚玉细粉、纯铝酸钙水泥、SiO2微粉、α-Al2O3微粉、硅溶胶等为原料制备了热风炉管道用Al2O3-Si O2浇注料,并研究了SiO2微粉加入量、骨料类型、水泥加入量以及用硅溶胶作结合剂对浇注料性能的影响。结果表明:1)随着SiO2微粉加入量的增加,热处理后试样的常温抗折强度和常温耐压强度逐步增加,烧后收缩增大,体积密度先增加后降低,综合考虑,SiO2微粉的适宜加入量为4%(w);2)以矾土为骨料的试样具有较高的常温强度和较好的体积稳定性,但以红柱石为骨料时的抗热震性更好;3)结合系统含硅溶胶时,加入纯铝酸钙水泥能降低浇注料的烧后线变化,稍微提高常温强度和抗热震性,而加入柠檬酸则降低试样的抗热震性。     

硅溶胶结合不定形耐火材料的研究及应用现状

总结了硅溶胶结合不定形耐火材料(包括浇注料、捣打料、喷射料和压入料)的性能研究和应用现状,并展望了硅溶胶结合耐火材料技术研究的方向和前景。     

焦宝石合成均化料的试验研究

以焦宝石碎矿作为主原料,分别配加0、25%、50%质量分数的高铝矾土,设计合成Al2O3质量分数分别为40%、50%、60%的均化料,分别在1 100~1 550℃下煅烧2 h得到均化料熟料。采用XRD分析其物相组成,SEM观察结构和形貌,并检测了常温力学性能,研究焦宝石合成均化料的最佳工艺参数。结果表明:1)以焦宝石为原料,配加高铝矾土,成功合成了w(Al2O3)=40%、50%和60%的均化料;2)XRD与SEM分析发现w(Al2O3)=40%的均化料表面玻璃相多,内部存在发育良好的棒状莫来石,w(Al2O3)=50%和60%的均化料在表面即可观察到大量棒状莫来石,莫来石相晶型发育良好;3)w(Al2O3)=40%、50%和60%的均化料的烧结温度分别为1 450、1 500和1 550℃;4)提高煅烧温度与Al2O3含量均有利于均化料力学性能的改善。     

纯铝酸钙水泥对镁铝钛系浇注料性能的影响

以镁铝钛电熔合成料颗粒和细粉(w(MgO)76.09%,w(Al2O3)15.67%,w(TiO2)5.05%)、镁砂细粉(w(MgO)>97.1%)、纯铝酸钙水泥(Secar71)、SiO2微粉、SiC细粉(≤0.074mm)及活性氧化铝微粉为原料制成镁铝钛系浇注料,研究了纯铝酸钙水泥含量(分别为2%、4%、6%)对镁铝钛系浇注料性能的影响,结果表明(1)水泥结合的镁铝钛浇注料具有较好的常温物理性能和抗水泥熟料侵蚀的性能,本试验条件下水泥加入量以<4%为宜;(2)高温下镁铝钛电熔合成料存在TiO2的脱溶现象,而脱溶可能对浇注料的理化性能产生影响;(3)在水泥结合镁铝钛系浇注料中加入SiC,对于抑制浇注料收缩是有益的。     

利用滤泥研制甘蔗有机-无机复混肥料

根据国家标准,利用滤泥研制甘蔗有机-无机复混肥料配方组合为:w(有机质)≥20%,总养分w(N P2O5 K2O)≥20%,配比为9-4-7。并用该肥与25%复混肥料和常规施肥进行了田间肥效对比试验。     

熔铸AZS回收料对Al2O3-SiC制品性能的影响

采用75%的特级铝矾土熟料(w(Al2O3)>90%)作骨料,15%的冶金碳化硅(w(SiC)=97%)、8%的结合粘土及2%的硅粉作基质粉,成型后于1400℃保温6h烧成,制成混铁炉渣线、出铁口用普通Al2O3-SiC制品,并在此基础上分别用5%、10%和15%的玻璃窑用后的熔铸AZS回收料(≤1mm和≤0.088mm两种粒度)替代等量的矾土熟料制成改性Al2O3-SiC制品,研究了熔铸AZS回收料对制品常温物理性能、抗热震性、抗氧化性以及抗渣侵蚀性的影响。结果表明:熔铸AZS回收料的引入,增大了基质液相的粘度,改善了制品的显微结构,有利于制品抗热震性能的提高,并对高钙渣系具有良好的抗冲刷及抗侵蚀性;综合考虑材料的各种性能,熔铸AZS回收料的加入量以10%为佳。     

太钢4350m~3高炉硬质压入料的改进与应用

为延长硬质压入料的使用寿命,将硬质压入料的骨料由莫来石改为亚白刚玉,取消石墨,增加Si C加入量至32%(w),结合剂加入量减少10%(w),选用6%~8%(w)的中温增强剂,压入料的强度、耐磨性明显提高。同时,通过提高压入机的工作压力,采用多机施工,可保证每次24 h休风期间顺利完成约400个压入孔150~200 t压入料的压入作业。改进后,在太钢4 350 m3高炉使用,一次压入维修内衬的使用寿命达到3个月以上,基本消除炉皮高温热点,保证高炉的安全顺行。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。