用后Al2O3-SiC-C砖的回收再利用

对铁水包和混铁车用后的Al2O3-SiC-C(简称ASC)砖进行再生处理,然后以高铝矾土熟料、电熔刚玉、叶蜡石、SiC粉和鳞片石墨为原料,分别掺加质量分数为10％、20％、30％的Al2O3-SiC-C再生料制备了铁水包用和混铁车用再生Al2O3-SiC-C砖.与原砖相比,再生砖的体积密度和常温耐压强度较高,显气孔率较低,而高温抗折强度、抗氧化性、抗渣性与原砖的差距不大.过多添加ASC再生料对再生Al2O3-SiC-C砖的高温抗折强度和抗渣侵蚀性能不利,以统料形式添加时,混铁车用Al2O3-SiC-C衬砖中ASC再生料的添加量(w)不宜超过30％.     

调整熟料中的C3A含量改善水泥对外加剂的适应性

我厂是以电石渣为主要原料(采用湿法工艺)生产水泥的企业,由于电石渣中Al2O3的含量与石灰石相比高出1%~2%,生料成分的调整受到很大的限制,熟料中Al2O3的含量在6.5%左右,生产的水泥对外加剂的适应性变差,主要表现为坍落度损失大。经过现场观察、取样试验,并对生产水泥的各种原燃     

鱼雷罐用微气孔高强度Al2O3-SiC砖的研制与应用

以特级矾土(粒度分别为5~3mm、3~1mm、≤1mm、≤0.088mm)、工业SiC(粒度≤1mm)、电熔刚玉(粒度分别为3~1mm和≤0.088mm)和软质黏土粉(粒度≤0.088mm)为原料,按常规生产工艺制备鱼雷罐用烧成Al2O3-SiC砖,研究了粒度组成以及硅微粉、活性氧化铝微粉、蓝晶石微粉和红柱石微粉4种添加剂及其加入量(分别为3%、5%和8%)对Al2O3-SiC砖显气孔率、孔径分布和强度的影响,并在钢厂鱼雷罐上对研制的Al2O3-SiC砖进行了实际使用试验。结果表明:以颗粒紧密堆积理论为基础设计原料的粒度组成,加入合适种类和数量的添加剂,能够生产出强度大,显气孔率低,气孔孔径小且分布窄的Al2O3-SiC砖;研制的Al2O3-SiC砖在钢厂鱼雷罐上使用时具有良好的抗渣侵蚀性和抗铁水冲刷性,粘渣少且易清除,使用寿命比普通Al2O3-SiC-C砖延长34.5%。     

电熔锆刚玉对Al_2O_3-SiO_2系浇注料抗铅渣侵蚀性的影响

以特级高铝矾土(粒度为8～5、5～3、3～1和≤1 mm)为骨料,电熔棕刚玉粉(≤0.044 mm)、α-Al2O3微粉(≤5 μm)和SiO2微粉(≤1μm)为细粉,铝酸钙水泥(Secar 71)为结合剂制备了卡尔多炉直升烟道用Al2O3-SiO2系浇注料.用电熔锆刚玉粉(≤0.044 mm)部分替代棕刚玉粉,采用静态坩埚法(1 300℃5 h,空气气氛)研究了添加物电熔锆刚玉的加入量(质量分数分别为4%、8%、12%、16%)对Al2O3-SiO2系浇注料抗铅渣性的影响,对抗渣前后试样的显微结构进行了分析.结果表明:加入锆刚玉后,浇注料的抗铅渣性能得到明显改善,其适宜加入量为8%;显微结构分析表明,铅渣对Al2O3-SiO2系浇注料的侵蚀主要表现为铅渣中的PbO与Al2O3-SiO2系浇注料中的SiO2、CaO反应,生成硅酸铅或铅酸钙等低熔物而导致浇注料的损毁;而浇注料的添加物锆刚玉中的ZrO2未与PbO反应,从而使浇注料表现出良好的抗铅渣侵蚀性.     

SiO2微粉和Al2O3微粉加入量对莫来石-刚玉浇注料性能的影响

以莫来石M45(10～5mm,5～3mm)、电熔莫来石(3～1mm,≤1mm)作骨料,刚玉粉(≤0.074mm)、电熔莫来石粉(≤0.074mm)、纯铝酸钙水泥、Al2O3微粉(d50=2.11μm)和SiO2微粉(d50=1.07μm)作基质,制备了脱硫枪用莫来石-刚玉浇注料,并分别研究了SiO2微粉加入量(分别为2%、3%、4%、5%)和Al2O3微粉加入量(分别为2%、4%、6%)对浇注料体积密度、显气孔率、强度、烧后永久线变化率、抗热震性和抗渣性的影响。结果表明:仅加入SiO2微粉时,随着其加入量在2%～5%范围内增加,莫来石-刚玉浇注料的体积密度提高,显气孔率降低,强度增加,抗渣性变好,但抗热震性变差;在加入3%SiO2微粉的基础上再加入2%～6%的Al2O3微粉时,浇注料的各项性能随Al2O3微粉增加没有明显改善,但均比仅加入3%SiO2微粉时有明显改善。     

SiO_2微粉对水泥结合刚玉质浇注料中低温化学键变化的影响

以电熔棕刚玉(8~5、5~3、3~1 mm)和电熔白刚玉(≤1、≤0.045 mm)为主要原料,添加α-Al2O3微粉和SiO2微粉制备铝酸钙水泥结合刚玉质浇注料,研究了经110、800和1 000℃热处理后含5%(w)Si O2微粉和不含SiO2微粉浇注料基质中化学键变化与浇注料强度的关系。采用XPS和FTIR研究Si O2微粉与水泥水化产物经110℃烘干和800℃热处理后的化学键变化。结果表明,经110和800℃热处理后,SiO2微粉和水泥水化物之间形成了Si—O—Al结合键。因此,在110~800℃,含Si O2微粉的铝酸钙水泥结合浇注料的强度较高的原因是Si O2微粉与水泥水化物之间形成了Si—O—Al化学键。     

Al2O3质原料种类和粒度对镁铝碳材料性能的影响

改变镁铝碳材料中Al2O3质原料的种类(分别为特级高铝矾土熟料和电熔刚玉)和粒度(特级高铝矾土熟料的粒度分别为5~3和3~1 mm,电熔刚玉的粒度分别为3~1和≤1 mm),经混练、成型、干燥、固化(180℃保温48 h)、热处理(1 600℃保温3 h)后,检测试样的显气孔率、体积密度、耐压强度、加热永久线变化和抗渣侵蚀性。结果表明:1)当Al2O3质原料种类相同时,Al2O3质原料的粒度越小,镁铝碳试样的加热永久线变化越大,抗渣侵蚀性越差;2)当Al2O3质原料粒度相同时,采用特级高铝矾土熟料的试样的加热永久线变化大于采用电熔刚玉的,抗高碱度渣侵蚀性也差于采用电熔刚玉的。     

结合剂对Al2O3-MgAl2O4-SiC-C质铁沟浇注料性能的影响

以电熔镁铝尖晶石(粒度为5～3mm、3～1mm)和电熔白刚玉颗粒(粒度<1mm)以及白刚玉细粉、碳化硅细粉、活性αAl2O3微粉、Si粉和球状沥青等为主要原料,在保持基料的配比不变的条件下分别采用铝酸钙水泥(w,3%) SiO2微粉(w,2%)及ρAl2O3(w,4%)为结合剂,振动成型为Al2O3-MgAl2O4-SiC-C试样,室温养护24h后脱模,分别于110℃24h、1100℃3h和1500℃3h(埋炭)条件下热处理,然后测定试样的体积密度、显气孔率、线变化率、抗折强度、耐压强度和抗渣性。试验结果表明:铝酸钙水泥 SiO2微粉结合的浇注料流动性较好,经110℃24h、1100℃3h和1500℃3h(埋炭)热处理后,试样的显气孔率较小,体积密度较大,常温耐压强度和常温抗折强度优于以ρAl2O3为结合剂的;但是,采用铝酸钙水泥 SiO2微粉作结合剂的试样经1500℃埋炭3h处理后的线变化率较大,试样的高温抗折强度和抗侵蚀性能也明显低于ρAl2O3结合试样的。     

硅铝镁测定要点及误差分析

针对河南省部分企业普通水泥中的SiO2，生料中的Al2O3和石灰石中的MgO质量分数的化学分析合格率低的情况，分别介绍了用氯化铵重量法和氟硅酸钾容量法测普通水泥中w(SiO2)、用EDTA直接滴定法和CuSO4回滴法测生料中w(Al2O3)、用代用法测石灰石中w(MgO)含量的步骤、测定要点及误差分析。     

添加Al2O3溶胶改善Al2O3-MA浇注料的抗侵蚀性

以铝酸钙水泥(CAC)为结合剂的传统Al2O3-MA浇注料在热处理过程中生成CA6,导致浇注料产生膨胀而降低其抗渣性能。巴西研究人员制备了氧化铝溶胶(ColAlu)结合的Al2O3-MA浇注料,以提高其抗渣侵蚀性,并与水合氧化铝(HA)结合和铝酸钙水泥结合的Al2O3-MA浇注料进行了对比。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。