基于化学机械动力学的碱性铜抛光液平坦化机理研究

The planarization mechanism of alkaline copper slurry is studied in the chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process from the perspective of chemical mechanical kinetics.Different from the international dominant acidic copper slurry,the copper slurry used in this research adopted the way of alkaline technology based on complexation. According to the passivation property of copper in alkaline conditions,the protection of copper film at the concave position on a copper pattern wafer surface can be achieved without the corrosion inhibitors such as benzotriazole(BTA),by which the problems caused by BTA can be avoided.Through the experiments and theories research,the chemical mechanical kinetics theory of copper removal in alkaline CMP conditions was proposed. Based on the chemical mechanical kinetics theory,the planarization mechanism of alkaline copper slurry was established. In alkaline CMP conditions,the complexation reaction between chelating agent and copper ions needs to break through the reaction barrier.The kinetic energy at the concave position should be lower than the complexation reaction barrier,which is the key to achieve planarization.     

铜互连制程中酸碱性抛光液的平坦化效果评估

We observed and analyzed the acid and HEBUT alkaline of Cu chemical mechanical polishing(CMP)slurry to evaluate their effects. Material analysis has shown that the planarity surfaces and the removal rate of alkaline slurry are better than the acid slurry during metal CMP processes. The global surface roughness and the small-scale surface roughness by 1010 m2 of copper film polished by the SVTC slurry are 1.127 nm and2.49 nm. However, it is found that the surface roughnesses of copper films polished by the HEBUT slurry are 0.728 nm and 0.215 nm. All other things being equal, the remaining step heights of copper films polished by the SVTC slurry and HEBUT slurry are respectively 150 nm and 50 nm. At the end of the polishing process, the dishing heights of the HEBUT slurry and the SVTC slurry are approximately both 30 nm, the erosion heights of the HEBUT slurry and the SVTC slurry are approximately both 20 nm. The surface states of the copper film after CMP are tested,and the AFM results of two samples are obviously seen. The surface polished by SVTC slurry shows many spikes.This indicates that the HEBUT alkaline slurry is promising for inter-level dielectric(ILD) applications in ultra large-scale integrated circuits(ULSI) technology.     

弱碱性抛光液中FA/O 螯合剂和H2O2对Ru CMP的影响研究

Ru作为一种新型阻挡层材料已经应用到了先进的集成电路生产中。但由于金属钌特殊的物理化学性质使其化学机械抛光(CMP)还存在很多问题。为了提高Ru的去除速率,本文研究了FA/O螯合剂和H2O2对Ru的抛光去除速率(RR)和静态腐蚀速率(SER)的影响。实验结果表明,随着H2O2浓度的增加,在抛光过程中,Ru表面形成了致密氧化层,导致Ru的抛光去除速率(RR)和静态腐蚀速率(SER)先增加后减少。通过电化学方法对Ru表面的腐蚀情况进行了分析研究。结果表明,FA/O螯合剂能通过与Ru的氧化物((RuO4)2- 和RuO4 )形成可溶性胺盐([R(NH3)4] (RuO4)2) 提高Ru 的去除速率。同时,为了降低金属Ru CMP后表面粗糙度,在抛光液中加入了非离子表面活性剂AD。     

FA/O碱性清洗液对GLSI多层Cu布线粗糙度的优化

采用自主研发的FA/O碱性清洗液对多层Cu布线表面粗糙度进行优化。通过改变清洗液中螯合剂与活性剂的体积分数,做单因素实验,得到最佳配比。利用原子力显微镜观察布线片表面清洗前后粗糙度的变化,电化学测试仪测试各种清洗液对晶圆表面的腐蚀情况。通过对比实验得出当FA/O碱性清洗液中FA/O II螯合剂体积分数为0.015%,O-20活性剂体积分数为0.15%时,表面粗糙度值最小为1.39 nm,而且表面和界面均没有腐蚀。     

FA/O精抛液组分对Cu/Ta CMP去除速率的影响

研究了精抛液中各组分对Cu/Ta去除速率的影响.在分别考察磨料质量分数、Ⅱ型螯合剂、活性剂和双氧水等各组分对Cu/Ta去除速率的影响后,研发了磨料质量分数为2％,Ⅱ型螯合剂体积分数为0.35％,活性剂体积分数为2％,H2O2体积分数为2％的FA/O精抛液.并在MIT854布线片上进行了精抛测试.结果显示,精抛12 s之后,100-100线条处高低差从精抛前的76.7 nm降低为63.2 nm,而50-50线条处高低差从精抛前的61.3 nm降低为59.8 nm.并且,经过FA/O精抛液精抛后粗抛后产生的尖峰也有所减小,台阶趋于平坦.精抛后,100-100和50-50处的高低差均小于70 nm,能够达到产业化指标.     

关于FA/O螯合剂降低铜布线片漏电流的研究

简要论述了互连工艺中铜布线取代铝布线的必然趋势,以及铜布线片化学机械抛光(CMP)后进行清洗的必要性。在集成电路制造的过程中,漏电流的危害已经引起了广泛关注。在CMP过程中产生的三种主要表面缺陷对漏电流都有一定的影响,但其中重金属离子对漏电流的影响是最大的。通过使用不同浓度的FA/O螯合剂对铜布线片进行清洗,从而得出最佳的去除金属离子降低漏电流的清洗浓度。为了防止FA/O螯合剂对铜线条造成腐蚀,采用在清洗液中加入缓蚀剂苯并三氮唑(BTA)来有效控制铜线条的表面腐蚀,从而得到理想的清洗结果。25℃时,加入20 mmol/L BTA的体积分数为0.4%的FA/O螯合剂降低漏电流的效果最佳。     

基于磨粒运动轨迹的硅片化学机械抛光材料去率研究

硅片化学机械抛光（CMP）是机械作用与化学作用相结合的技术,硅片表面的化学反应层主要是由抛光液中磨料的机械作用去除,磨粒对硅片表面的摩擦和划擦对硅片表面材料的去除起着重要作用。磨粒在硅片表面上的划痕长度直接影响硅片表面的材料去除率。本文首先在实验结果的基础上分析了硅片CMP过程中磨粒的分布形式,然后根据运动学和接触力学理论,分析了硅片、磨粒及抛光垫三者之间的运动关系,根据磨粒在硅片表面上的运动轨迹长度,得出了材料去除率与抛光速度之间的关系,该分析结果与实验结果一致,研究结果可为进一步理解硅片CMP的材料去除机理提供理论指导。     

Material removal rate in chemical-mechanical polishing of wafers based on particle trajectories

Distribution forms of abrasives in the chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process are analyzed based on experimental results.Then the relationships between the wafer,the abrasive and the polishing pad are analyzed based on kinematics and contact mechanics.According to the track length of abrasives on the wafer surface,the relationships between the material removal rate and the polishing velocity are obtained.The analysis results are in accord with the experimental results.The conclusion provides a theoretical guide for further understanding the material removal mechanism of wafers in CMP.     

碱性阻挡层CMP后铜布线粗糙度的影响机理分析

The surface roughness seriously affects the performance of devices after barrier CMP. Due to the high surface roughness of copper line, the local resistance of a device will be high when working, then the copper line will overheat prompting the generation of electro-migration and the circuit will lose efficacy. Reducing the surface roughness of the copper line in barrier CMP is still an important research topic. The main factors influencing the surface roughness of copper line in alkaline barrier slurry are analyzed in the paper. Aimed at influencing the law on the surface roughness of copper line, using a new type of alkaline barrier slurry with a different p H of the chelating agent and changing the content of non-ionic surfactant, we then analyze the influencing law both on the surface roughness of copper line, and the influence mechanism. The experimental results show that with a chelating agent with a low p H value in the barrier slurry, the surface roughness of the copper line is 1.03 nm and it is the lowest in all of the barrier slurries, and with the increase of non-ionic surfactant concentration, the surface roughness of copper line is reduced to 0.43 nm, meeting the demand of further development of integrated circuits.     

氮化钛阻挡层化学机械抛光液的研究

为了解决Cu互连线污染和形成高阻铜硅化物以及Cu与SiO2粘附性差等问题,提出增加扩散阻挡层的解决方案。主要关于氮化钛阻挡层化学机械抛光的研究。分析了氮化钛的抛光机理,研究了氧化剂浓度及抛光液的pH对抛光速率的影响,最后配制了适合氮化钛阻挡层的碱性抛光液。     

基于白刚玉微粉的6H-SiC单晶基片化学机械抛光材料去除率研究

碳化硅单晶基片已广泛应用于微电子、光电子等领域,如集成电路、半导体照明(LED)等,本文根据前期的研究结果,以白刚玉微粉为磨料,通过大量的实验,研究了抛光液成分(PH值、磨粒粒径与含量、分散剂、氧化剂、活性剂)、抛光盘转速以及载物台转速对SiC单晶片(0001)Si面和C面化学机械抛光(CMP)时对材料去除率的影响。研究结果表明,在SiC晶体基片化学机械抛光时,抛光液在一定的pH值、一定的氧化剂含量、一定的分散剂含量、一定的磨粒含量及尺寸下,能够获得最佳的材料去除率;抛光盘的转速对材料去除率影响较大,材料去除率随抛光压力的增加而增大,C面的材料去除率远大于Si面的材料去除率,但无论是Si面或C面,抛光后表面无划痕,经过2个半小时的抛光,表面粗糙度达到Ra1nm以下。结果表明,氧化铝(Al2O3)磨粒可用于碳化硅单晶基片的化学机械抛光,其研究结果可为进一步研究SiC单晶片的高效低成本化学机械抛光液、抛光工艺参数及化学机械抛光机理提供参考依据。     

Effects of the reciprocating parameters of the carrier on material removal rate and non-uniformity in CMP

Based on the Preston equation,the mathematical model of the material removal rate(MRR),aiming at a line-orbit chemical mechanical polisher,is established.The MRR and the material removal non-uniformity(MRNU) are numerically calculated by MATLAB,and the effects of the reciprocating parameters on the MRR and the MRNU are discussed.It is shown that the smaller the inclination angle and the larger the amplitude,the higher the MRR and the lower the MRNU.The reciprocating speed of the carrier plays a minor rol...     

抛光头摆动参数对化学机械抛光材料去除率及材料去除非均匀性的影响

摘要：除抛光头及抛光盘转速外,抛光头摆动参数（如：摆动倾角、摆动速度及摆动幅度等）也是影响材料去除率及去除非均匀性的重要运动参数。基于Preston方程建立了直线轨道式抛光机的材料去除率模型,并运用MATLAB 软件对材料去除率及材料去除非均匀性进行了数值计算,分析了摆动参数对材料去除率及材料去除非均匀性的影响。分析结果表明：小的摆动倾角和大的摆动幅度有利于提高材料去除率和降低材料去除非均匀性;而摆动速度对材料去除率及材料去除非均匀性影响不大。研究结果可以为直线轨道式抛光机的设计及工艺参数选择提供一定的理论指导。